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In the 10th century, when Arabs and Portuguese sailed to the south of the equator in the 15th century, they noticed these two cloud like objects in the southern sky, which were called "Cape of good hope clouds". Portuguese navigator Magellan first described them accurately when he sailed around the world in 1521, and later named them after him. The big cloud is called the big Magellanic nebula, or LMC for short; The small cloud is called wheat cloud (SMC); Collectively known as Magellanic Cloud. In 1912, American astronomer Leavitt discovered the relationship between the circumference of the Cepheid variable of the wheat cloud. Herzpolon and Shapley then determined the distance of the wheat cloud, becoming the first confirmed extragalactic galaxy. The distance of big wheat cloud is 160000 light years, and that of wheat cloud is 190000 light years. They are 50000 light years apart in space. Large and small clouds are among the most recent galaxies, which enables us to analyze their member celestial bodies carefully. Therefore, they are important astronomical observation objects and important sources of galactic astrophysical data