The future application of blockchain

blockchain classification:

1 private chain

refers to the blockchain with certain centralized control. Only the general ledger technology of blockchain is used for bookkeeping. It can be a company or an indivial who enjoys the exclusive write permission of the blockchain. This blockchain is not very different from other distributed storage schemes. The participating nodes are only users themselves, and the access and use of data have strict authority management. Due to the existence of centralized control, alliance chain can also be considered as a private chain

features: because the user has the final say, the data inside can not be changed, and there is not much protection for the third party. Generally used for internal audit. The vice president of fire coin technology believes: there are indeed a large number of scenarios in the private chain that can meet the needs of the real world. Limited decentralization makes it easier to reach a consensus, which can make the transaction faster and more efficient, and can provide more controlled functions. Decentralization is the core value of blockchain technology. If the private chain can not make full use of the decentralized trust base constructed by the public chain in practice, its development space will be limited

2public chain

public blockchain is the earliest blockchain and the most widely used one at present. It refers to a completely decentralized blockchain like bitcoin blockchain, which is not controlled by any organization. Any indivial or group in the world can send a transaction, and the transaction can be effectively confirmed by the blockchain, and anyone can participate in the consensus process. Participants in the consensus process maintain database security through cryptography and built-in economic incentives

features: completely open, uncontrolled, rely on encryption technology to ensure security

3 alliance chain

multiple preselected nodes are designated as bookkeepers within a certain group. The generation of each block is jointly determined by all preselected nodes. Other access nodes can participate in the transaction, but not the bookkeeping process (in essence, it's still managed bookkeeping, but it's just distributed bookkeeping. How many preselected nodes are there, How to decide the bookkeeper of each block becomes the main risk point of the blockchain). Anyone else can make limited query through the open API of the blockchain

the nodes participating in the blockchain are selected in advance, and the nodes are likely to have good network connections. Other consensus algorithms without workload proof can be used on such a blockchain. For example, a blockchain has been established among 100 financial institutions, and more than 67 institutions must agree to reach a consensus

Prospect:

the development of blockchain technology has also brought changes in the operation concepts of various instries. New technologies and new concepts have promoted the new development of various instries. This driving force has a huge impact on society and the promotion of economic activities. Many new instrial phenomena will occur one after another, and the public will wait and see, It is expected that this new technology will be used by all instries and benefit all instries better

Ten instry application scenarios of blockchain are listed on Oracle's website, including finance, proction, ecation, media, entertainment, government, retail business, health, medical care, supply chain, insurance and public utilities. Is it very tall? But what I want to say is that these application scenarios, in front of real high-energy blockchain applications, can only hide in the corner and shiver

now the real high-energy application scenario of blockchain is Ponzi application, commonly known as "Ponzi scheme". It is a smart contract type Qianbao, a blockchain game for rolling in and out of money, an ICO for trading, and a global pension platform

Ponzi scheme is one of the oldest application scenarios of our human beings. After Internet plus, the Ponzi scheme has upgraded the Internet + "Internet plus Ponzi scheme". The Internet enabled the Ponzi scheme, so there was an event similar to the 10 billion level of Qianbao. Before the Internet era, there were few Ponzi schemes on such a large scale. They were enabled through the Internet, and paid through mobile app. Finally, they rolled for several years and reached the 10 billion level

the Internet has broken the geographical restrictions, physical restrictions, capital flow restrictions and communication restrictions. As long as you have a mobile phone, you can play Qianbao app. Everyone participates in it, everyone gets into the money, and everyone gives out the money. According to the data of the people involved, it has reached the level of one million. Relatively speaking, the online pyramid scheme (Ponzi scheme 1.0), which still stays on the top of the list, has meetings every day, can't stop brainwashing, and uses violence and illegal means. It's simple and weak. With the rise of blockchain technology, the Ponzi scheme enabled by "blockchain +" can no longer be described as adding wings like a tiger. It is like a chicken changing into a tiger. Like the Internet, the "block chaining +" technology is a solid application to enhance the application scenario. Ponzi's fraud is further upgraded in the two generation of the Internet plus, because of the major improvement and improvement of the scene, turning into Ponzi scheme 3, whose characteristics are mainly in the following aspects:

1, centralization and no summit. The smart contract of blockchain runs automatically, and it does not need human intervention, nor can it be interrupted by human. Code rules are dead and cannot be tampered with. In terms of scene improvement, it solves the biggest pain point of Ponzi scheme for thousands of years, that is, the problem of head running away. Because the head is a program and code, the program of blockchain can exist forever, and no one can delete it. I think this is the biggest breakthrough. This virtual leader is always there. He can't run away, he can't run, he can't change. The rules will never change. He will stick to the Ponzi line for 100 years, 1000 years and 10000 years. It may be said that smart contracts can be iterated, and they can also be manipulated to leave a back door. Yes, but it can be done without iteration. Even if iteration is transparent and visible, it can be seen at a glance with a back door. This is the characteristic of the blockchain smart contract. If you cheat on it, you will get out a under the teacher's eyes. No one will participate in such a smart contract when it is online. Therefore, after technical review and verification, there is no backdoor, fair rules and irreversible smart contract, which can be realized by using blockchain technology. Such reliability, once verified, will never change. This is the certainty of the smart contract. A program or a character's code will not change. It will run one million times and one trillion times, and the result will be consistent and certain

2. The process was transparent. The number, address, account number, amount and time of deposit; Number, address, account number, amount and time of payment; All visible. Blockchain has a public ledger function, which can be viewed by everyone in the world, and the ledger data viewed by everyone is completely consistent. Why does Qianbao burst? Because we can't see his background account, how much money he goes in and how much money he comes out every day, and the details of each transaction. In this way, you can see the assessment of cashing ability before you pay in, and the assessment result is absolutely certain, that is, it will not change after you pay in

3. Complete anonymization. If you've ever heard of zero proof of knowledge. This part can be skipped. In short, some of the things we used to have in the mathematical knowledge base did not have application scenarios after many inventions. Later, it was found that it was easy to use these knowledge for anonymization. The cryptography technology in the blockchain can achieve identity hiding. As we all know, Zhihu can't achieve anonymity in a real sense in terms of technical structure, and blockchain can

5. Sustainable iteration. In the low-level Ponzi scheme, the leader, proct designer, benefit distributor and benefit receiver are often four in one, while the blockchain Ponzi scheme can completely logically separate the four roles. Achieve sustainable iteration. Through collaboration based on socialization, these projects can be iterated on forever. There are now 400 senior engineers who are developing around bitcoin and constantly updating the code. These people can not know anyone. As long as the application is valuable, they can continue to iterate. Which centralized project can be achieved? Even bat level companies can't employ so many professionals scattered around the world. This kind of social iteration is not affected by the changes of a specific person or organization

"blockchain" enabled Ponzi scheme uses different range of blockchain technology, because the technology in this field is still constantly updated, and the application of smart contract has only increased in the past two years. The earliest application of blockchain is bitcoin. Some people think that bitcoin itself has the characteristics of Ponzi scheme. In 2013, I wrote a reply and implicitly pointed out that this new type of Ponzi scheme will have great lethality, because it has the characteristics of no head, open account book, no running away, open and fair rules. Later, I also found that many people around me like Ponzi scheme much more than blockchain technology. As soon as I hear that bitcoin is not a Ponzi scheme, before I start talking about blockchain technology, I usually walk away in silence. On the contrary, you tell him it's a Ponzi scheme, and then they will ask, where can I buy it? Of course, there is a lot of controversy about whether bitcoin is a Ponzi scheme, because the practical application scenarios of bitcoin have been expanding

in the ICO boom, there are a lot of air coins, such as the bogus Ponzi scheme, which has no application scenarios. The buyers probably know that these air coins are Ponzi schemes, but they buy them because the packaging is good. It is estimated that there are hundreds or thousands of such air coins. The scope of the case is all over the world, and the amount involved is more than 10 billion. These ICOS use smart contracts for subscription and distribution, and then circulate in the secondary market by themselves. In this case, there is no guarantee that the money will be paid out, and some people will lose all their money. Many people, blockchain professionals, have always wanted to draw a clear line with these applications, because although these air coins use part of the blockchain technology, they are still a centralized organization or indivial behind them. There are few network nodes, and users directly converge to a certain organization or indivial when they are paid (so they will be swept away), but there is no doubt that, Air money still uses blockchain to make money and raise funds, which solves part of the problem of running away and improves the scope and communication ability of Ponzi scheme. This is an objective situation

and from this year, with the development of technology, the Ponzi scheme, which uses smart contracts to achieve more decentralization, began to surface. Smart contract locking is used for fund in and fund out to complete a complete closed loop of fund in, fund subscription and fund out. It can already be a very pure blockchain application. Some blockchain games can freely admit that they are a Ponzi game after their release. He said: you see, the rules are transparent, the code is visible, the gold entry contract is locked, they can't run away, no one intervenes, and the gold is automatically paid. Early play, early gain. This is a key breakthrough. It's a way to publicly admit that you are a Ponzi scheme, which can't be done by Ponzi scheme 1.0 and Ponzi scheme 2.0 before. Great. It's simple and rough

this solves the major obstacles in the promotion process of Ponzi scheme, which used to rely on brainwashing, but now it depends on code. You see, "this program doesn't run on its own. There's no back door in it, right? Is the leader gone? The capture of Nakamoto does not affect the continued implementation of the program, does it Therefore, the first batch of blockchain Ponzi scams are hooked by code farmers who can understand the code, and then these code farmers stand up again and say that after technical verification, it is really such an effect, driving other people who do not read the code to join

in addition to realizing the Ponzi scheme application scenarios of entertainment, gambling and fraud, blockchain also has the opportunity to make a big show in the Ponzi scheme application scenarios involving the national economy and the people's livelihood and public utilities, which can even greatly enhance people's sense of gain and happiness, and actually improve people's life. For example, the application of national or global public pension platform based on blockchain can solve several major drawbacks of pension: fund misappropriation. The account book is open, the funds are not centralized and locked, and no one can unlock it, except the recipients who meet the rules can pay out the money. There is no possibility of misappropriation

3. Unpredictable problems. It is very difficult for us to predict the pension payment after 30 years, and we can predict it in advance through smart contract. Stimulate the enthusiasm of paying

this has greatly reced the burden and cost of the state's pension management. What the existing pension system can do, after using the blockchain technology, can still be done, such as the state subsidies, just pay money into the contract, lock it in, there will be no fake, such as compulsory payment, and every record is real and traceable. In a word, all the existing systems and rules can be linked to the chain. On the basis of not affecting the existing effect, the efficiency and output level are improved, and fairness is guaranteed. Moreover, because the cost of the huge management system is reced, the absolute number that everyone can get may be increased by a large part. This has played a real effect on improving people's lives, and also has a positive effect

From District TV network Share: in 2018, blocklink bar AI has become the most popular technical term, and more and more technology companies have announced to enter the blockchain market. In the Internet, Xunlei, Renren, Fengfeng, Tianya and other companies have blockchain related actions. These companies share the same fate. They have all experienced prosperity, but after the impact of Internet entrepreneurship tide, they began to go downhill. Then they rubbed against the hot spots of blockchain and began to try to counter attack
Global blockchain instry investment is hot
according to the data of the "in-depth analysis report on business model innovation and investment opportunities of blockchain instry" released by prospective instry research institute, as of the end of April 2017, there were 455 blockchain companies in the world, with a total financing amount of US $1.947 billion. Among them, the total investment and financing of us blockchain related companies reached US $1.252 billion, accounting for 64.3% of the global market; The total financing amount of China's blockchain emerging enterprises is about US $114 million, accounting for 5.86%, ranking second in the world after the United States, and growing rapidly
at present, the overall survival status of blockchain is good, with a survival rate of 87.25%. Among all the invested companies, 47 have been closed, accounting for about 10.51%, and the other 10 have been acquired. Due to the change of competition pattern in bitcoin market, some companies have been forced to shut down. Meanwhile, some coin circle companies are graally transforming to chain circle companies.
exploration at the national level has also begun. On March 23, the information technology and Software Services Department of the Ministry of instry and information technology announced that it will study and explore the application of blockchain in the instrial field. Previously, the Ministry of instry and information technology said that it was preparing to establish a National Technical Committee for standardization of blockchain and distributed accounting technology to explore the formation of a complete blockchain standard system to better serve the development of blockchain technology instry

The application prospects of blockchain are mainly in the fields of finance, Internet of things and logistics, public services, digital rights and insurance

1. Blockchain has great potential applications in international exchange, letter of credit, equity registration, stock exchange and other financial fields. The application of blockchain technology in the financial instry can eliminate the third-party intermediary link and realize the point-to-point direct docking

2. Blockchain can also be naturally combined in the field of Internet of things and logistics, which is considered as a promising application direction of blockchain. The establishment of credit resources in the blockchain can double improve the security of transactions and improve the convenience of Internet of things transactions. It can save time and cost for the application of intelligent logistics mode

3. Blockchain is closely related to people's proction and life in public management, energy, transportation and other fields. The decentralized and fully distributed DNS service provided by blockchain can realize the query and resolution of domain name through the point-to-point data transmission service between nodes in the network

4. Through blockchain technology, works can be authenticated to prove the existence of text, video, audio and other works and ensure the authenticity and uniqueness of ownership. After the works are confirmed on the blockchain, the subsequent transactions will be recorded in real time to realize the full life cycle management of digital rights, and can also be used as a technical guarantee in judicial evidence collection

5. In terms of insurance claims, insurance institutions are responsible for fund collection, investment and claims settlement, and often have higher management and operation costs. Through the application of smart contract, there is no need for the applicant to apply or the insurance company to approve. As long as the claim conditions are triggered, the automatic claim settlement of the policy can be realized

extended data:

the core technology of blockchain

1. Consensus mechanism, through the voting of special nodes, completes the verification and confirmation of transactions in a very short time; For a transaction, if several nodes with unrelated interests can reach a consensus, it can be considered that the whole network can also reach a consensus. The goal of blockchain consensus mechanism is to make all honest nodes keep consistent blockchain views

2. Asymmetric encryption requires two keys for encryption and decryption, which are public key and private key. The public key corresponds to the private key. The public key is used in the process of data encryption, and only the corresponding private key can be used to decrypt; On the contrary, the private key is used to encrypt the data, and only the corresponding public key can be used to decrypt the data