Kongming, blockchain master

The strict definition of blockchain refers to the distributed database technology that multiple nodes in peer-to-peer network jointly maintain a continuously growing list ledger constructed by time stamp and orderly record data blocks through consensus mechanism based on cryptography technology. This technical solution allows any number of nodes in the participating system to calculate and record all the information exchange data in the system in a period of time to a data block through cryptography algorithm, and generate the fingerprint of the data block for linking the next data block and checking. All participating nodes in the system jointly determine whether the record is true

blockchain is a technical solution similar to NoSQL (non relational database). It is not a specific technology, and can be implemented through many programming languages and architectures. There are many ways to realize blockchain, including pow (proof of work), POS (proof of stake), dpos (delegate proof of stake), etc

the concept of blockchain was first proposed in the paper "bitcoin: a peer-to-peer electronic cash system" by indivials (or groups) who call themselves Satoshi Nakamoto. Therefore, bitcoin can be regarded as the first application of blockchain in the field of financial payment

no matter how big the system or how small the website is, there is a database behind it. So who will maintain this database? In general, who is responsible for the operation of the network or system, then who is responsible for the maintenance. If it is wechat database, it must be maintained by Tencent team, and Taobao database is maintained by Alibaba team. We must think that this way is natural, but blockchain technology is not

if we think of the database as a book, for example, Alipay is a typical account book. Any change of data is bookkeeping. We can think of database maintenance as a very simple way of accounting. In the world of blockchain, everyone in the blockchain system has the opportunity to participate in bookkeeping. The system will select the fastest and best bookkeeper in a period of time, maybe within ten seconds or ten minutes. The bookkeeper will record the changes of the database and the account book in a block. We can think of this block as a page. After the system confirms that the records are correct, the system will record the changes of the database and the account book in a block, It will link the fingerprint of the past account book to this paper, and then send this paper to everyone else in the whole system. Then, over and over again, the system will look for the next person with fast and good bookkeeping, and everyone else in the system will get a of the whole ledger. This means that everyone as like as two peas in the system is called Blockchain. It is also called distributed account technology. P>

as like as two peas (computer) have identical accounting books, and everyone has the same rights, they will not collapse e to the loss of contact or downtime of a single person. As like as two peas, the data is transparent and everyone can see what changes are in every account. Its very interesting feature is that the data can't be tampered with. Because the system will automatically compare, it will think that the same number of books with the largest number are real books, and a small number of books with different numbers are false books. In this case, it's meaningless for anyone to tamper with his own account book, because unless you can tamper with most nodes in the whole system. If there are only five or ten nodes in the whole system, it may be easy to do so. However, if there are tens of thousands or even hundreds of thousands of nodes and they are distributed in any corner of the Internet, unless someone can control most computers in the world, it is unlikely to tamper with such a large block chain

combined with the definition of blockchain, we think that we must have the following four elements to be called public blockchain technology. If we only have the first three elements, we will consider it as private blockchain Technology (private chain)

1, peer-to-peer network (power equivalence, physical point-to-point connection)

2, verifiable data structure (verifiable PKC system, non tampering database)

3, distributed consensus mechanism (Solving Byzantine general problem, solving double payment)

4 Game design of Nash equilibrium (cooperation is the strategy of evolutionary stability)

combined with the definition of blockchain, blockchain will realize four main characteristics: decentralized, trustless, collective maintenance and reliable database. And the other two will be derived from the four characteristics  Features: open source  Privacy. If a system does not have these characteristics, it can not be regarded as an application based on blockchain technology

trustworthiness: there is no need to trust each other when participating in the data exchange between each node in the whole system. The operation rules of the whole system are open and transparent, and all data contents are also open. Therefore, within the specified rule range and time range of the system, nodes cannot and cannot cheat other nodes

collective maintenance: the data blocks in the system are maintained by all the nodes with maintenance function in the whole system, and these nodes with maintenance function can be participated by anyone

reliable database: the whole system will enable each participating node to obtain a of the complete database in the form of sub databases. Unless more than 51% of the nodes in the whole system can be controlled at the same time, the modification of the database on a single node is invalid, and the data content on other nodes cannot be affected. Therefore, the more nodes and computing power in the system, the higher the data security in the system

Open Source: since the operation rules of the whole system must be open and transparent, the whole system must be open source for the program

Privacy Protection: since there is no need to trust each other between nodes, there is no need to disclose the identity between nodes, and the privacy of each participating node in the system is protected

If you want to participate in the transaction of digital currency, you must understand the digital currency ecosystem

according to coinmarketcap, the capital flow of digital currency exchanges is huge, with the average daily trading volume of the top five exchanges exceeding US $3 billion

there are hundreds of digital currency exchanges around the world, some of which operate globally in mainstream markets, while some focus on niche markets

for example, AAX is committed to providing services for digital currency traders and institutional investors, integrating the digital currency world with the global economy, and providing unparalleled first-class technical capabilities using the matchmaking engine supported by lseg technology

many substitutes have successfully occupied a certain market share shortly after their launch. What digital currency exchanges have in common is that they together provide the development soil for these alternative currencies

digital currency is no longer limited to bitcoin. Other digital currency assets, such as eth, XRP, BCH, usdt, LTC, EOS, xtz, etc., have a place in the portfolio and diversification strategies of many digital currency dealers

blockchain protocol

blockchain is the underlying technology that makes digital currency possible. There are many kinds of blockchain protocols, and the technical characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of each protocol are slightly different

for example, bitcoin blockchain relies on mining and pow (proof of work) mechanism to process transactions, while another blockchain may use dpos (proof of entrustment) mechanism instead of mining. In addition to bitcoin blockchain, other noteworthy protocols include eth, hyperledger, EOS, XLM, Iost, kin, TRX and stem. Among these blockchain agreements, ETH (Ethereum) is commendable in promoting the rapid innovation of the entire digital currency ecosystem

Ethereum platform was created by vitalik buterin, which indicates that developers can make better use of the resources of the platform by using their own programming language solidity. Ethereum has made blockchain technology all the rage, creating a new world of innovative decentralized applications on the basis of smart contracts and custom tokens. At present, most of the substitutes are based on Ethereum's erc20 standard

the district centered financial movement, or defi for short, is also basically based on the Ethereum blockchain agreement

financial services

for every service in traditional finance, Ethereum based defi applications have corresponding alternative versions for everyone to access. The defi app allows users to create stable currencies, lend money and earn interest, send and receive payments, get loans, trade, take positions in the forecast market, enter the real estate sector, and so on. Smart contracts are the key to making decentralized services possible. Once certain conditions are met, the smart contract will automatically perform the pre agreed activities

at the same time, traditional finance also began to provide new customized services for the field of digital currency. At present, some fund managers provide investors with the option of adding digital currency into their portfolios, the trustee provides security services for investors who invest a lot of money in digital currency, and many analysts in mainstream media (such as Bloomberg) also have a strong interest in digital currency

digital currency hardware

for those who like to build their own security measures, the huge digital currency hardware market can provide professional traders and long-term holders with the tools they need. Trezor and ledger are the most famous hardware wallets. They essentially provide the same value for digital currency traders, that is, a more secure way to store digital currency

of course, digital currencies stored in hardware wallets cannot be traded in the market. Therefore, digital currency traders usually allocate funds between the hardware wallet and the exchange according to a certain ratio according to their own trading style preference

data aggregators and blockchain analysis

cross blockchain, which proces a large amount of data, and also spawns the emergence of sub instries, namely data aggregators and blockchain analysis instries. Companies such as coinmarketcap are the preferred source for quick inspection of digital currency and exchange data. They collect statistics on trading volume, liquidity, market value, price trend, circulation and the whole instry, such as the total amount of money, the number of markets, the market value of the instry and the proportion of BTC market value

people who are more interested in blockchain analysis can find the required data in websites like blocktivity. Here, you can view the relevant data of each indivial blockchain agreement, including the number of operations in the last 24 hours, the average number of operations in the last 7 days, the market value and Cui index, that is, the remaining available capacity after the actual usage of the current blockchain agreement. All in all, these websites can provide valuable insights for the blockchain instry

for example, the average number of operations of Ethereum in the past seven days was 667000, with Cui slightly higher than 50%, while the average number of operations of EOS in the same time range was 63 million, with Cui slightly lower than 50%. Technically, the performance of EOS protocol is more powerful than that of Ethereum. However, this can not prevent Ethereum from occupying 70% of the total market value of the most mainstream currencies

digital currency media and conferences

in today's world, almost everyone is the publisher of content. Without we media instry, such a large-scale instry will no longer exist. Digital currency has given birth to a wide range of media patterns, covering news media, KOL and related conferences for currency, public chain and code

digital currency head media include coindesk, cointegration, bitcoin magazine, decrypt, CCN, bitcoinist, newsbtc, etc. Some KOLs are also well-known, sometimes even more popular than the news media

YouTube celebrities, such as datadash, dollar villante, altcoin buzz, Ivan on tech and boxmining, have subscribers from 200K to 300K. In the field of digital currency trading, the top stars of cryptotwitter include venture coinist, cryptocred and cryptodon alt, with 211k, 140k and 120K fans respectively

if you want to have face-to-face communication with companies and people, digital currency and blockchain meetings should not be missed. Every year, there are many conferences around the world for investors, blockchain experts, start-ups, institutional financing, currency or agreement related communities. In 2019 alone, we sponsored and participated in blockchain live in London, the capital summit hosted by coinmarketcap in Singapore and the world mobile conference in Shanghai. We have had exciting meetings with other digital currency companies and major financial institutions, and established contacts with regulators from different jurisdictions

digital currency supervision

with the continuous growth of the market and audience of digital currency instry, in most cases, financial regulators are still developing relevant frameworks to protect investors and consumers. Regulators may take a very different approach, which is a challenge for companies operating across multiple jurisdictions

ring the ICO boom in 2017 and 2018, many projects were launched before the regulatory framework was established, while some projects did not meet the criteria of the jurisdiction and were suspended ring the fund-raising process. All this comes from how to classify digital assets, and the understanding of classification is constantly changing. At present, we divide digital assets into security token and practical token

in the past year, with the proposal of Libra, the promotion of supervision is also increasing. The central bank is also actively exploring the significance of blockchain technology to its policies and economic activities, and constantly publishing reports

the rapid development of digital money ecosystem

these components of digital money ecosystem are growing and developing in an orderly way, contributing to the increasingly sound instry. From the minority interest in 2009 to the active digital asset economy, digital currency has come a long way

for every novice, as exchanges, financial services, media and regulators graally adapt to the expectations of mainstream consumers, the digital currency instry will further develop, which may improve investment outcomes

A: first, the connotation of blockchain

blockchain is a new application mode of distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm and other computer technologies

2. Characteristics

1. Decentralization

blockchain technology does not rely on additional third-party management institutions or hardware facilities, and there is no central control. In addition to the self-contained blockchain itself, each node realizes information self verification, transmission and management through distributed accounting and storage

2. Openness

the foundation of blockchain technology is open source. In addition to the private information of all parties involved in the transaction is encrypted, the data of blockchain is open to everyone. Anyone can query blockchain data and develop related applications through the open interface, so the information of the whole system is highly transparent

3. Independence

based on consensus specifications and protocols, the whole blockchain system does not rely on other third parties, and all nodes can automatically and safely verify and exchange data in the system without any human intervention

4. Safety

as long as 51% of all data nodes cannot be controlled, the network data cannot be arbitrarily controlled and modified, which makes the blockchain itself relatively safe and avoids subjective and artificial data changes

5. Anonymity

unless there are legal requirements, technically speaking, the identity information of each block node does not need to be disclosed or verified, and the information transmission can be anonymous

EOS can be understood as enterprise operation system, which is a blockchain operating system designed for commercial distributed applications. EOS is a new blockchain architecture, which aims to extend the performance of distributed applications. Note that it is not a currency like bitcoin and Ethereum, but a token based on the EOS software project, known as blockchain 3.0. The main features of EOS are as follows:
1. EOS is a bit similar to Microsoft's windows platform. By creating a developer friendly underlying platform of blockchain, it supports multiple applications running at the same time and provides the underlying template for the development of DAPP
2. EOS solves the problems of delay and data throughput by means of parallel chain and dpos. EOS can process thousands of data per second, while bitcoin has about 7 transactions per second, and Ethereum has 30-40 transactions per second
3. There is no service charge for EOS, and the general audience is more extensive. The network and computing resources needed to develop DAPP on EOS are allocated according to the proportion of EOS owned by developers. When you have EOS, it is equivalent to having computer resources. With the development of DAPP, you can lease your EOS to others. From this point alone, EOS has a wide range of value. To put it simply, if you have an EOS, it is equivalent to having a set of rent to collect rent for others, or having a piece of land to rent for others to build a house< br />