Core supporting technology of blockchain

1. First of all, we can take a look at the official website explanation of blockchain technology. In a narrow sense, blockchain is a kind of chain data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential way according to the time sequence, and it is a distributed account book that can not be tampered with and forged by means of cryptography
broadly speaking, blockchain technology is a new distributed infrastructure and computing paradigm, which uses blockchain data structure to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithm to generate and update data, uses cryptography to ensure the security of data transmission and access, and uses intelligent contract composed of automated script code to program and operate data
as we all know, blockchain technology is an independent underlying architecture from bitcoin system. From the perspective of architecture model, it is a set of distributed ledger, which is naturally used for bookkeeping
in the blockchain technology, if you want to generate accounting records, you need to have the transaction and flow of funds. Therefore, in the initial blockchain technology, the cryptocurrency corresponding to the main network is used as circulation goods, and the circulation transaction records of cryptocurrency between the accounts of the main network of the blockchain will be recorded on the main network
different from other transaction record databases, transaction records on the main network of blockchain technology will be recorded on all block nodes (i.e. all data blocks) in the main network, which is the so-called decentralization principle. That is to say, in blockchain technology, there is no central database to store all records, Every block on the chain has the transaction data of the whole chain, that is to say, every data block is the center
another feature of blockchain technology is that it can't be tampered with, because every transaction on the blockchain will be recorded in all blocks on the chain, so no single data block can change the record. Even if you change it, all other data blocks will also record real data, and each group of data can be traced back to the first time
because of these characteristics of blockchain technology, after the advent of bitcoin, blockchain has also attracted a lot of attention, and many people also began to want to use blockchain technology to make a centerless, traceable and unchangeable data, so as to ensure the credibility of the data
however, blockchain technology also faces many problems, such as single application scenario, non modifiable original error data, non recoverable currency stolen by hackers, etc.

2. Introction to seven core technologies of blockchain operation on January 15, 2018
1. Blockchain links
as the name suggests, blockchain is a chain composed of blocks. Each block is divided into block head and block body (including transaction data). The block head includes the prevhash value (also known as hash value) of the previous block used to realize the block link and the random number (nonce) used to calculate the mining difficulty. The hash value of the previous block is actually the hash value of the head of the previous block, and the random number calculation rule determines which miner can obtain the right to record the block
2. Consensus mechanism
blockchain is accompanied by the birth of bitcoin, which is the basic technology architecture of bitcoin. Blockchain can be understood as an Internet-based decentralized accounting system. A decentralized digital currency system like bitcoin requires the consistency of accounting of honest nodes without a central node, which needs blockchain to complete. Therefore, the core of blockchain technology is a consensus mechanism to reach a consensus on the legitimacy of transactions between indivials without mutual trust without central control
there are four main types of consensus mechanisms in blockchain: pow, POS, dpos and distributed consistency algorithm
3. Unlocking script
script is an important technology to realize automatic verification and contract execution on blockchain. Every output of every transaction does not point to an address in the strict sense, but to a script. A script is like a set of rules that constrain how the receiver can spend the asset locked on the output
the validation of transactions also depends on scripts. At present, it depends on two kinds of scripts: Lock script and unlock script. Locking script is a condition added to the output transaction, which is realized by a script language and located in the output of the transaction. The unlocking script corresponds to the locking script. Only when the conditions required by the locking script are met can the assets corresponding to the script be spent, which is located in the input of the transaction. Many flexible conditions can be expressed by script language. Interpretation script is similar to the "virtual machine" in our programming field, which runs in every node of the blockchain network in a distributed way
4. Transaction rules
blockchain transaction is not only the basic unit of a block, but also the actual effective content recorded by the blockchain. A blockchain transaction can be a transfer, or the deployment of smart contracts and other transactions
as far as bitcoin is concerned, a transaction refers to a single payment transfer. The transaction rules are as follows:
1) the input and output of the transaction cannot be empty
2) for each input of a transaction, if its corresponding utxo output can be found in the current transaction pool, the transaction will be rejected. Because the current transaction pool is the transaction not recorded in the blockchain, and each input of the transaction should come from the confirmed utxo. If it is found in the current trading pool, it is Shuanghua trading
3) for each input in a transaction, the corresponding output must be utxo
4) each input unlocking script must verify the compliance of the transaction together with the corresponding output locking script
5. Transaction priority
the priority of blockchain transaction is determined by the blockchain protocol rules. For bitcoin, the priority of a transaction to be included in a block is determined by the time when the transaction is broadcast to the network and the amount of the transaction. With the increase of transaction broadcast time on the network and the increase of transaction chain age, the priority of transaction will be improved and eventually be included by the block. For Ethereum, the priority of the transaction is also related to the transaction fee that the publisher is willing to pay. The higher the transaction fee that the publisher is willing to pay, the higher the priority that the transaction is included in the block
6. Merkle proof
the original application of Merkle proof is bitcoin, which was described and created by Satoshi Nakamoto in 2009. Bitcoin blockchain uses Merkle proof to store transactions in each block. So that the transaction can not be tampered with, but also easy to verify whether the transaction is included in a specific block
7. RLP
RLP (recursive length prefix) is one of the main encoding methods of object serialization in Ethereum. Its purpose is to encode the sequence of arbitrary nested binary data.

3. Blockchain is the core supporting technology of digital cryptocurrency system represented by bitcoin. The core advantage of blockchain technology is decentralization. It can realize point-to-point transaction, coordination and cooperation based on decentralized credit in a distributed system without mutual trust by means of data encryption, time stamp, distributed consensus and economic incentive, so as to solve the common high cost, low cost and low cost of centralized institutions Low efficiency and data storage insecurity provide solutions
the application fields of blockchain include digital currency, token, finance, anti-counterfeiting traceability, privacy protection, supply chain, entertainment, etc. with the popularity of blockchain and bitcoin, many related top domain names have been registered, which has a great impact on the domain name instry.

4. In essence, blockchain is a distributed database system with cryptography technology, multi-party participation, common maintenance and continuous growth, also known as distributed shared ledger. Each account page in the shared ledger is a block, and each block is full of transaction records. The blocks are connected closely, forming a chain structure; If you don't understand this area, I suggest you learn the basic knowledge from Xuan, Ling, network and company! At present, there are few people who really understand technology and business. Many people follow suit and learn. They are not clear about the definition of blockchain, so they start to attack the blockchain field. Some of them are learning technology, and some of them choose to invest in the blockchain market

5. Take a look at which clan you belong to. Each clan digs different mines in Gao'an. However, mining in Gao'an can not meet the demand of monthly cards. Therefore, it is suggested that LZ join the 00 Legion as soon as possible to have safe and efficient mining sites as well as mining bonus.

6. Overview of UAV concept stocks:
Weihai Guangtai:
in December 2014, Weihai Guangtai (002111) signed a series of UAV system development cooperation agreement with a cooperative unit, in which a certain type of high-speed UAV has been successfully tested. The company said that the signing of the agreement laid the foundation for the two sides to carry out strategic cooperation in the field of UAVs and jointly develop a series of UAVs. On September 29, 2015, the company plans to issue no more than 21.5 million shares at a rate of no less than 27.73 yuan per share, and raise no more than 540 million yuan of funds to invest in UAV projects and supplement 160 million yuan of working capital of the company. The company plans to invest 380 million yuan in the acquisition and capital increase of Quanhua times and the UAV project< Aerospace Science and technology:
the third Academy of Aerospace Science and instry, the major shareholder of the company, has profound knowledge in the field of UAV. A UAV command station of the company has been successfully developed recently, and Haiying UAV has assisted Beijing police to participate in air drug control operations as early as last year. The company has the expectation of injecting UAV< Aerospace Electronics:
the company's UAV procts were exhibited at the 8th China International Police Equipment Expo in 2016. There are six types of Rainbow series UAV procts on display, which can meet the requirements of aerial reconnaissance and surveillance, automatic target tracking, three-dimensional target detection, accurate target strike, on-site image acquisition, automatic target tracking, automatic target tracking, automatic target tracking, automatic target tracking, automatic target tracking, automatic target tracking, automatic target tracking, automatic target tracking, automatic target tracking, automatic target tracking, automatic target tracking, automatic target tracking, automatic target tracking, automatic target Information processing, information sharing and other functional requirements; On the evening of July 28, 2016, it was announced that it planned to jointly invest with the controlling shareholder China Aerospace Times Electronics Co., Ltd. to establish three subsidiaries, namely: Aerospace Times UAV Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing Aerospace Feiteng Equipment Technology Co., Ltd., and aerospace Internet of things Technology Co., Ltd., in order to promote the development of the company's UAV instry and build a development platform for precision guidance system instry
Raptor Technology:
in January 2015, raptor Technology (002577) invested 50 million yuan, holding Shenzhen zero intelligent aircraft Co., Ltd., and officially entered the UAV market. As a domestic leading enterprise of wireless keyboard and mouse, raptor technology has many years of R & D and proction experience in the field of wireless transmission technology, with outstanding hardware supply chain, proction capacity, quality control and other capabilities. In order to enhance software strength through acquisition, raptor technology is expected to build an integrated platform of UAV software and hardware<
xuelaite:
in September 2015, the company planned to raise no more than 350 million yuan of funds through non-public offering of shares, adding strategic weight to the previously focused UAV field. In May 2015, the company entered the field of consumer UAV through the acquisition of Manta intelligence. This time, the company decided to increase the UAV field, which will rapidly improve the UAV proction capacity of the company and accelerate the development of the UAV instry of the company
Nanyang Technology:
in October 2016, the company plans to purchase 100% equity of rainbow company with 2.416 billion yuan and 84% equity of Shenfei company with 729 million yuan. At the same time, it plans to issue shares to the 11th Aerospace Research Institute to raise 1.4 billion yuan for the construction of rainbow UAV instrial base and the development of new concept UAV. Rainbow UAV brand started in 1999, with rich proct spectrum and advanced technical indicators in the world. It is the UAV series with the most complete model spectrum, the earliest batch export and the largest export volume in China< Longxin GM:
on August 22, 2014, it announced that the company signed a joint venture framework agreement with Professor Wang Haowen of Tsinghua University and Lihe venture capital, and plans to jointly invest to establish a joint venture company, specializing in the R & D, manufacturing and sales of complete UAV system and parts. The company plans to invest 50 million yuan and hold 50% equity of the joint venture
Xin'an shares:
the company invested 13.5 million yuan in Anyang Quanfeng Aviation Plant Protection Technology Co., Ltd., the holding subsidiary of Quanfeng biology, holding 15% of its equity. The company's main business is "agricultural UAV research and development, assembly, flying hand training."< In May 2013, Shanhe technology was officially awarded the "proction license certification" for all composite light sport aircraft; On May 11, Shanhe technology aviation instry base was officially put into use. The proction workshop of the base can meet the proction demand of more than 300 sa60l light sport aircraft per year. At present, it has completed the design, manufacture and flight test of Aurora, ST series power delta wing, flying eagle UAV system, flying geese remote sensing mapping UAV system and flying tiger UAV system. It is the first domestic enterprise that has passed the airworthiness certification of CAAC light aircraft
Shandong mining machinery Co., Ltd.:
in March 2013, the company invested 41 million yuan to establish a joint venture UAV company, accounting for 82% of the equity. After the establishment of the joint venture company, it will focus on UAVs with long idle time, large payload and outstanding short takeoff and landing performance, which are mainly used for reconnaissance, detection, patrol, surveillance and other tasks. In April 2014, the company's UAV project has been optimized and wind tunnel tested for 12 times, and the aerodynamic design has been frozen and solidified; Flight control simulation is over; The structure design and tooling die design of UAV prototype have been completed, and two experimental verification prototypes have been put into proction

7. The core technology of Chongqing jinwowo network analysis blockchain:
the core of blockchain is to establish appropriate consensus mechanism and good governance mechanism
it is difficult to establish a new consensus mechanism in philosophy and technology. Now the mature consensus mechanism is POW
, which is a consensus mechanism based on workload proof.

8. The core of blockchain technology
is consensus algorithm. The essence of consensus algorithm is to form a game field of
Nash equilibrium
in
distributed network
under the condition that each node does not trust each other, and to win the trust of all parties, quickly reach an agreement between each node, and complete the task synchronously.