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Blockchain cross border payment framework
Publish: 2021-05-22 18:11:40
1. It's a way to solve many formality problems. blockchain is decentralized and transparent. Now many payment channels are studying blockchain technology, maiteng
2. Nengdi
blockchain technology refers to a way for the whole people to participate in bookkeeping. There is a database behind all the systems. You can think of the database as a big ledger. At present, they keep their own accounts.
blockchain technology refers to a way for the whole people to participate in bookkeeping. There is a database behind all the systems. You can think of the database as a big ledger. At present, they keep their own accounts.
3. Xu Mingxing is optimistic about the application of blockchain in cross-border payment. Xu Mingxing thinks that blockchain technology will solve many problems in cross-border payment. Traditional cross-border payment needs to go through a number of financial institutions, such as remittance bank, central bank, agent bank, payee bank and so on. To solve cross-border payment based on blockchain technology will save any third-party intermediary link, achieve transaction settlement, and can complete payment very quickly.
4.
In fact, the application mode of blockchain cross-border payment is to use blockchain network to join traditional financial institutions, foreign exchange market makers and liquidity providers into the payment network and build a payment gateway. Through the payment gateway, the flow of digital assets on the blockchain can be connected with the legal currency in reality, so that the legal currency can be converted into digital assets on the blockchain, which is convenient for subsequent payment and transfer. Through the network connector in the blockchain payment network, we can connect traditional market makers, remittance agencies, remittance agencies and other institutions, abandon the intermediate transaction link, and realize point-to-point fast and low-cost payment
5. Imapp2.0 version of blockchain application center has been officially launched
imapp2.0 version of blockchain application center has been officially launched. Imapp is the world's first blockchain app store with universal dividends, which aims to create a super entrance to the blockchain instry and make it easier for users to use blockchain applications. The interface of imapp 2.0 is more concise and beautiful, the function adds news and DAPP, and the content enriches the guessing game. Through imapp, users can browse, forward, download, update and open the application to obtain imapp ecological token IA. The official imapp has reached a strategic cooperation with the bitcoin diamond foundation. Ecocard ia can exchange bitcoin diamond BCD at a certain proportion.
imapp2.0 version of blockchain application center has been officially launched. Imapp is the world's first blockchain app store with universal dividends, which aims to create a super entrance to the blockchain instry and make it easier for users to use blockchain applications. The interface of imapp 2.0 is more concise and beautiful, the function adds news and DAPP, and the content enriches the guessing game. Through imapp, users can browse, forward, download, update and open the application to obtain imapp ecological token IA. The official imapp has reached a strategic cooperation with the bitcoin diamond foundation. Ecocard ia can exchange bitcoin diamond BCD at a certain proportion.
6. Do not go through the RMB channel, directly use the digital currency to carry out the operation of entering and leaving the money. That's what you're talking about. Most of them support BTC, usdt and eth. If there's another one, it's plus an EOS. That's it.
7.
Why is the Internet era coming to an end and the blockchain era coming
Once the
blockchain develops, it will burst out more innovation. As the first proct of blockchain, bitcoin has proced many innovations since its birth. For example, small cross-border payment, recording transfer transactions between currencies, recording various stocks, registering housing property rights, recording program codes, etc.
the steam age liberates social proctivity, the electrical age enlivens social cooperation ability, the Internet age connects the world, and the blockchain era will let us truly realize freedom
8. The FCC coordinates domestic and international communications by controlling radio, television, telecommunications, satellites, and cables. The FCC Office of engineering and technology is responsible for the technical support of the Committee and equipment accreditation in order to ensure the safety of radio and wire communication procts related to life and property. Many radio application procts, communication procts and digital procts to enter the U.S. market, require FCC approval. The FCC Committee investigates and studies all stages of proct safety to find the best way to solve the problem. At the same time, the FCC also includes the detection of radio devices, aircraft and so on
according to the relevant part of the U.S. federal communication regulations (CFR 47), all electronic procts entering the U.S. are required to undergo EMC certification (except for some procts specified in the relevant provisions). There are three common certification methods: certification, DOC and verification. The certification methods and proceres of these three procts are quite different, and the optional certification methods for different procts are stipulated in FCC. The strict degree of its certification is decreasing. For these three kinds of certification, the FCC committee also has relevant requirements for each laboratory< At present, the United States has become China's second largest trading partner for several consecutive years, and the trade volume between China and the United States is increasing year by year, so the export to the United States should not be underestimated. The strictness of proct technical standards and import regulations of the United States is the first in the world. Understanding the market access rules of the United States will help our procts further open the U.S. market< The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) - regulates the import and use of radio frequency devices, including computers, fax machines, electronic devices, radio receiving and transmitting equipment, radio controlled toys, telephones, personal computers and other procts that may harm personal safety. If these procts want to be exported to the United States, they must be tested and approved by a government authorized laboratory according to FCC technical standards. Importers and customs agents are required to declare that each radio frequency device complies with the FCC standard, or FCC license< Self verification: manufacturers or importers ensure that their procts have undergone necessary tests to confirm that the procts comply with relevant technical standards and retain test reports. FCC has the right to require manufacturers to submit test data of equipment samples or procts. Devices suitable for self verification include commercial computers, TV and FM receivers, and instrial, scientific and medical devices used by non mass consumers of FCC rule Part 18
2. Declaration of conformity: the party in charge of the equipment (generally the manufacturer or importer) shall test the procts at the qualified testing agency designated by FCC to ensure that the equipment meets the relevant technical standards and keep the test report. FCC has the right to require the party in charge to submit the test data of the equipment samples or procts. The devices applicable to the declaration of conformity include home computers and peripherals, civil broadcast receivers, super regenerative receivers, other receivers of FCC rule Part 15, TV interface devices, cable system terminal devices and instrial, scientific research and medical devices used by the mass consumers of Part 18. The responsible party shall mark the equipment as follows:
3. ID authentication: FCC shall review the samples (or photos) and test data submitted by the applicant, and grant an FCC ID number to the equipment if it meets the requirements of FCC rules. Equipment suitable for certification include low power transmitters such as cordless phones, remote controls for automatic doors, radio controlled toys and safety alarm systems, equipment for intentionally transmitting radio frequency energy in part 15, instrial, scientific research and medical equipment for mass consumers in part 18, automatic frequency conversion receivers and super regenerative receivers, TV interface equipment, And home computers and peripherals. The responsible party shall mark the equipment with FCC ID:
note: if a certain equipment is suitable for two or three kinds of approved types, it shall be selected by the responsible party
FCC certification process
1. Declaration of conformity: the proct responsible party (manufacturer or importer) will test the proct in the qualified testing agency designated by FCC and make a test report. If the proct meets the FCC standard, the corresponding label will be pasted on the proct, the relevant compliance with FCC standard will be declared in the user manual, and the test report will be reserved for request by FCC
2. To apply for an ID, first apply for an FRN to fill in other forms. If the applicant is applying for FCC ID for the first time, it needs to apply for a permanent grant code. While waiting for FCC approval to distribute grant code to the applicant, the applicant should seize the time to test the equipment. When all the materials required by FCC are ready and the test report has been completed, the FCC should have approved the grant code. The applicant uses the code, test report and required materials to complete FCC form 731 and form 159 online. After FCC receives form 159 and remittance, it begins to accept the application for certification. The average time for FCC to accept ID application is 60 days. At the end of the processing, FCC will send the original grant of FCC ID to the applicant. The applicant can sell or export the corresponding procts after getting the certificate< Materials to be submitted for FCC certification
1
2. A of the installation and operation manual of the certified proct to be provided to the user If there is no user manual for the proct, the draft of relevant contents can be provided)
3. Electrical schematic diagram and working principle description of the proct If the proct has grounding or antenna, it should be described)
4. Table of working oscillation frequency of relevant procts, in which the signal propagation path and corresponding oscillation frequency should be listed
5. Other proct features that need to be explained. Note
1. Relevant documents should be in both Chinese and English
2. In order to shorten the authentication cycle, the information provided should preferably be in the form of electronic documents
3. In the process of certification, in view of some special circumstances, enterprises may need to hand in additional relevant information
Shenzhen Lixun Proct Technology Service Co., Ltd. is specialized in instrial consumer proct safety certification, electromagnetic compatibility testing, chemical material testing and analysis services. At present, our testing and certification procts cover wireless communication equipment, mechanical equipment, household appliances, audio and video equipment, information technology equipment, toys, medical devices, building materials, personal protective equipment, etc
CE certification process
1. The manufacturer's relevant laboratory (hereinafter referred to as the laboratory) puts forward oral or written preliminary application
2. The applicant fills in the CE marking application form and sends the application form, proct instructions and technical documents to the laboratory (if necessary, the applicant company is required to provide a prototype)
3. The laboratory determines the test standards and test items, and makes a quotation
4. The applicant confirms the quotation and sends the samples and relevant technical documents to the laboratory
5. Technical documents provided by the applicant
6. The laboratory issues a charging notice to the applicant, and the applicant pays the certification fee according to the charging notice
7. The Laboratory concts proct testing and reviews technical documents
8. Review of technical documents includes:
A. whether the documents are perfect
B. whether the document is written in the official language of the European Community (English, German or French)
9. If the technical documents are incomplete or do not use the specified language, the laboratory will inform the applicant to improve
10. If the test fails, the laboratory will inform the applicant in time and allow the applicant to improve the proct. In this way, until the test is qualified. The applicant shall change the technical data in the original application so as to reflect the actual situation after the change
11. The laboratory will issue a supplementary charge notice to the applicant for the rectification costs involved in items 9 and 10 of this page
12. The applicant shall pay the rectification fee according to the supplementary fee notice
13. The laboratory provides the applicant with test report or technical document (TCF), CE certificate of conformity (COC) and CE mark
14. The applicant signs the CE guarantee self declaration and attaches the CE mark on the proct
if you have any questions about certification, please feel free to send a private message or Q, thank you!!
according to the relevant part of the U.S. federal communication regulations (CFR 47), all electronic procts entering the U.S. are required to undergo EMC certification (except for some procts specified in the relevant provisions). There are three common certification methods: certification, DOC and verification. The certification methods and proceres of these three procts are quite different, and the optional certification methods for different procts are stipulated in FCC. The strict degree of its certification is decreasing. For these three kinds of certification, the FCC committee also has relevant requirements for each laboratory< At present, the United States has become China's second largest trading partner for several consecutive years, and the trade volume between China and the United States is increasing year by year, so the export to the United States should not be underestimated. The strictness of proct technical standards and import regulations of the United States is the first in the world. Understanding the market access rules of the United States will help our procts further open the U.S. market< The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) - regulates the import and use of radio frequency devices, including computers, fax machines, electronic devices, radio receiving and transmitting equipment, radio controlled toys, telephones, personal computers and other procts that may harm personal safety. If these procts want to be exported to the United States, they must be tested and approved by a government authorized laboratory according to FCC technical standards. Importers and customs agents are required to declare that each radio frequency device complies with the FCC standard, or FCC license< Self verification: manufacturers or importers ensure that their procts have undergone necessary tests to confirm that the procts comply with relevant technical standards and retain test reports. FCC has the right to require manufacturers to submit test data of equipment samples or procts. Devices suitable for self verification include commercial computers, TV and FM receivers, and instrial, scientific and medical devices used by non mass consumers of FCC rule Part 18
2. Declaration of conformity: the party in charge of the equipment (generally the manufacturer or importer) shall test the procts at the qualified testing agency designated by FCC to ensure that the equipment meets the relevant technical standards and keep the test report. FCC has the right to require the party in charge to submit the test data of the equipment samples or procts. The devices applicable to the declaration of conformity include home computers and peripherals, civil broadcast receivers, super regenerative receivers, other receivers of FCC rule Part 15, TV interface devices, cable system terminal devices and instrial, scientific research and medical devices used by the mass consumers of Part 18. The responsible party shall mark the equipment as follows:
3. ID authentication: FCC shall review the samples (or photos) and test data submitted by the applicant, and grant an FCC ID number to the equipment if it meets the requirements of FCC rules. Equipment suitable for certification include low power transmitters such as cordless phones, remote controls for automatic doors, radio controlled toys and safety alarm systems, equipment for intentionally transmitting radio frequency energy in part 15, instrial, scientific research and medical equipment for mass consumers in part 18, automatic frequency conversion receivers and super regenerative receivers, TV interface equipment, And home computers and peripherals. The responsible party shall mark the equipment with FCC ID:
note: if a certain equipment is suitable for two or three kinds of approved types, it shall be selected by the responsible party
FCC certification process
1. Declaration of conformity: the proct responsible party (manufacturer or importer) will test the proct in the qualified testing agency designated by FCC and make a test report. If the proct meets the FCC standard, the corresponding label will be pasted on the proct, the relevant compliance with FCC standard will be declared in the user manual, and the test report will be reserved for request by FCC
2. To apply for an ID, first apply for an FRN to fill in other forms. If the applicant is applying for FCC ID for the first time, it needs to apply for a permanent grant code. While waiting for FCC approval to distribute grant code to the applicant, the applicant should seize the time to test the equipment. When all the materials required by FCC are ready and the test report has been completed, the FCC should have approved the grant code. The applicant uses the code, test report and required materials to complete FCC form 731 and form 159 online. After FCC receives form 159 and remittance, it begins to accept the application for certification. The average time for FCC to accept ID application is 60 days. At the end of the processing, FCC will send the original grant of FCC ID to the applicant. The applicant can sell or export the corresponding procts after getting the certificate< Materials to be submitted for FCC certification
1
2. A of the installation and operation manual of the certified proct to be provided to the user If there is no user manual for the proct, the draft of relevant contents can be provided)
3. Electrical schematic diagram and working principle description of the proct If the proct has grounding or antenna, it should be described)
4. Table of working oscillation frequency of relevant procts, in which the signal propagation path and corresponding oscillation frequency should be listed
5. Other proct features that need to be explained. Note
1. Relevant documents should be in both Chinese and English
2. In order to shorten the authentication cycle, the information provided should preferably be in the form of electronic documents
3. In the process of certification, in view of some special circumstances, enterprises may need to hand in additional relevant information
Shenzhen Lixun Proct Technology Service Co., Ltd. is specialized in instrial consumer proct safety certification, electromagnetic compatibility testing, chemical material testing and analysis services. At present, our testing and certification procts cover wireless communication equipment, mechanical equipment, household appliances, audio and video equipment, information technology equipment, toys, medical devices, building materials, personal protective equipment, etc
CE certification process
1. The manufacturer's relevant laboratory (hereinafter referred to as the laboratory) puts forward oral or written preliminary application
2. The applicant fills in the CE marking application form and sends the application form, proct instructions and technical documents to the laboratory (if necessary, the applicant company is required to provide a prototype)
3. The laboratory determines the test standards and test items, and makes a quotation
4. The applicant confirms the quotation and sends the samples and relevant technical documents to the laboratory
5. Technical documents provided by the applicant
6. The laboratory issues a charging notice to the applicant, and the applicant pays the certification fee according to the charging notice
7. The Laboratory concts proct testing and reviews technical documents
8. Review of technical documents includes:
A. whether the documents are perfect
B. whether the document is written in the official language of the European Community (English, German or French)
9. If the technical documents are incomplete or do not use the specified language, the laboratory will inform the applicant to improve
10. If the test fails, the laboratory will inform the applicant in time and allow the applicant to improve the proct. In this way, until the test is qualified. The applicant shall change the technical data in the original application so as to reflect the actual situation after the change
11. The laboratory will issue a supplementary charge notice to the applicant for the rectification costs involved in items 9 and 10 of this page
12. The applicant shall pay the rectification fee according to the supplementary fee notice
13. The laboratory provides the applicant with test report or technical document (TCF), CE certificate of conformity (COC) and CE mark
14. The applicant signs the CE guarantee self declaration and attaches the CE mark on the proct
if you have any questions about certification, please feel free to send a private message or Q, thank you!!
9.
, the world's first electronic wallet cross border remittance service based on block chaining, was launched in Hongkong in June 25th. Hong Kong Alipay AlipayHK users can send remittances to Philippines purse Gcash through block chain technology. p>
ant financial services said that alipayhk cooperated with gcash to become the first e-wallet in the world to use blockchain in the whole link of cross-border remittance, and Standard Chartered Bank was responsible for the day-to-day capital clearing and foreign exchange. Gcash users can consume immediately after they arrive at the account. Cross border remittance can also arrive in real time like domestic transfer, 7 × 24-hour uninterrupted, cost-effective, safe and transparent, it can be said to redefine the "cross-border remittance"
10. The current mainstream blockchain architecture includes six layers: network layer, data layer, consensus layer, incentive layer, contract layer and application layer. The positions of data layer and network layer are exchanged in the figure, and the main uses will be described in the next section
network layer: blockchain network is essentially a P2P (peer-to-peer) network. The resources and services in the network are distributed on all nodes, and the information transmission and service implementation are directly carried out between nodes, without the intervention of intermediate links and servers. Each node not only receives information, but also generates information. Nodes synchronize information by maintaining a common blockchain. When a node creates a new block, it notifies other nodes in the form of broadcast. After receiving the information, other nodes verify the block and create a new block on the basis of the block, So as to achieve the role of the whole network to jointly maintain a bottom ledger. Therefore, the network layer will involve the design of P2P network, propagation mechanism and verification mechanism. Obviously, these designs can affect the confirmation speed of block information. The network layer can be used as a research direction in the scalable scheme of blockchain technology
data layer: the underlying data of blockchain is a data structure of block + linked list, which includes data block, chain structure, timestamp, hash function, Merkle tree, asymmetric encryption, etc. Among them, data block and chain structure can be used as the improvement direction of data layer research in the extensible scheme of blockchain technology
consensus layer: it is the basis for highly dispersed nodes to reach a fast consensus on the effectiveness of block data. The main consensus mechanisms include pow (proof of work), POS (proof of stake), dpos (delegated proof of stake) and pbft (Practical Byzantine fault tolerance), They have always been the highlight of the scalable solution of blockchain technology
incentive layer: it is a common mining mechanism, which is used to design certain economic incentive model and encourage nodes to participate in the security verification of blockchain, including the design of issuance mechanism and allocation mechanism. Improvements at this level do not seem to be directly related to blockchain scalability
Contract layer: mainly refers to various script codes, algorithm mechanisms and smart contracts. Strictly speaking, this layer of the first generation blockchain is missing, so they can only trade, and can not be used in other fields or other logical processing. The emergence of the contract layer makes it a reality to use blockchain in other fields. This part of Ethereum includes EVM (Ethereum virtual machine) and smart contract. The improvement of this level seems to provide a potential new direction for the scalability of the blockchain, but it does not seem to be directly related to the application layer in terms of structure
it is the display layer of the blockchain, including various application scenarios and cases. For example, Ethereum uses truffle and Web3 JS. The application layer of blockchain can be mobile terminal, Web terminal, or integrated into the existing server, taking the current business server as the application layer. The improvement of this level also seems to provide a potential new direction for the expansion of blockchain, but structurally, it doesn't seem to be directly related
the Xueshuo innovation blockchain Technology Workstation of Lianqiao ecation online is the only approved "blockchain Technology Specialty" pilot workstation of "smart learning workshop 2020 Xueshuo innovation workstation" launched by the school planning, construction and development center of the Ministry of ecation of China. Based on providing diversified growth paths for students, the professional station promotes the reform of the training mode of the combination of professional degree research, proction, learning and research, and constructs the applied and compound talent training system.
network layer: blockchain network is essentially a P2P (peer-to-peer) network. The resources and services in the network are distributed on all nodes, and the information transmission and service implementation are directly carried out between nodes, without the intervention of intermediate links and servers. Each node not only receives information, but also generates information. Nodes synchronize information by maintaining a common blockchain. When a node creates a new block, it notifies other nodes in the form of broadcast. After receiving the information, other nodes verify the block and create a new block on the basis of the block, So as to achieve the role of the whole network to jointly maintain a bottom ledger. Therefore, the network layer will involve the design of P2P network, propagation mechanism and verification mechanism. Obviously, these designs can affect the confirmation speed of block information. The network layer can be used as a research direction in the scalable scheme of blockchain technology
data layer: the underlying data of blockchain is a data structure of block + linked list, which includes data block, chain structure, timestamp, hash function, Merkle tree, asymmetric encryption, etc. Among them, data block and chain structure can be used as the improvement direction of data layer research in the extensible scheme of blockchain technology
consensus layer: it is the basis for highly dispersed nodes to reach a fast consensus on the effectiveness of block data. The main consensus mechanisms include pow (proof of work), POS (proof of stake), dpos (delegated proof of stake) and pbft (Practical Byzantine fault tolerance), They have always been the highlight of the scalable solution of blockchain technology
incentive layer: it is a common mining mechanism, which is used to design certain economic incentive model and encourage nodes to participate in the security verification of blockchain, including the design of issuance mechanism and allocation mechanism. Improvements at this level do not seem to be directly related to blockchain scalability
Contract layer: mainly refers to various script codes, algorithm mechanisms and smart contracts. Strictly speaking, this layer of the first generation blockchain is missing, so they can only trade, and can not be used in other fields or other logical processing. The emergence of the contract layer makes it a reality to use blockchain in other fields. This part of Ethereum includes EVM (Ethereum virtual machine) and smart contract. The improvement of this level seems to provide a potential new direction for the scalability of the blockchain, but it does not seem to be directly related to the application layer in terms of structure
it is the display layer of the blockchain, including various application scenarios and cases. For example, Ethereum uses truffle and Web3 JS. The application layer of blockchain can be mobile terminal, Web terminal, or integrated into the existing server, taking the current business server as the application layer. The improvement of this level also seems to provide a potential new direction for the expansion of blockchain, but structurally, it doesn't seem to be directly related
the Xueshuo innovation blockchain Technology Workstation of Lianqiao ecation online is the only approved "blockchain Technology Specialty" pilot workstation of "smart learning workshop 2020 Xueshuo innovation workstation" launched by the school planning, construction and development center of the Ministry of ecation of China. Based on providing diversified growth paths for students, the professional station promotes the reform of the training mode of the combination of professional degree research, proction, learning and research, and constructs the applied and compound talent training system.
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