Blockchain without unlimited mining

1. Yes, now you can buy a miner to dig bitcoin
but what I want to emphasize is that bitcoin mining is now a very professional instry. Although ordinary people can dig, the cost is much higher than that of professional mining, so it's better to buy money directly.

2. Now there are two kinds of miners. One is to directly choose the mining machine with high income. For example, the income of the A9 is very considerable. It can earn about 620 watts a day, and the power consumption is not high. In this way, if the miner wants to start, it should be done as soon as possible. Only in the previous period can it achieve low cost and high benefit. There will be no such situation when the later period is stable. 2、 The miner doesn't have to pay attention to the current currency income. He only cares about the currency, waiting for him to turn over.

3. Absolutely false, only the ll sound makes a lot of money, there is no publicity everywhere. At present, the propaganda is to ask you to accept the offer. You can see that bitcoin is the first currency in the blockchain. Currency is the right of a national bank, and bitcoin is too harmful. All countries and banks are resisting it. From the current trend, the disadvantages of blockchain currency outweigh the advantages, but blockchain technology is still promising, but not currency.

4. How hot is the blockchain? Even my mother knows this word, and many people around me also ask me about it
in fact, their real idea is to know how to make money. After all, how much has bitcoin gone up in recent years when all kinds of information came out on the Internet, and to what extent has blockchain become popular today, Internet companies in all halls have joined in. As ordinary people, they also want to splash in this "pond"

so what is blockchain< In a broad sense, blockchain technology is to use blockchain data structure to verify and store data, use distributed node consensus algorithm to generate and update data, and use cryptography to ensure the security of data transmission and access It is a new distributed infrastructure and computing paradigm to program and manipulate data by using smart contracts composed of automated script code
in short, blockchain is a decentralized distributed ledger database. Decentralization is different from the traditional way of centralization. There is no center, or everyone is the center; Distributed ledger database means that the recording method is not only to store the ledger data in each node, but also to share and the data of the whole ledger synchronously. At the same time, blockchain also has the characteristics of disintermediation and information transparency
let's give an example. For example, in our usual online shopping, after placing an order, our money will be transferred to the intermediary platform of the third-party payment agency. After the seller delivers the goods and the buyer confirms the receipt of the goods, the buyer will inform the payment agency to transfer the money to the seller's account
however, the transaction mode supported by blockchain technology is different. Buyers and sellers can trade directly without any intermediary platform. After the transaction between the buyer and the seller, the system publishes the transaction information in the form of broadcast, and all hosts receiving the information record the transaction after confirming that the information is correct, which means that all hosts have done data backup for the transaction. If there is a problem with the orders proced by this machine, its data information will not be affected, because there are countless machines backing up data at the same time
when it comes to blockchain, we have to mention bitcoin, as if you don't understand anything without putting the two together
in fact, although blockchain is a blockchain and bitcoin is bitcoin, most of the people concerned are
concerned about bitcoin, and not many people are concerned about blockchain. Even if he says that he is concerned about the chain, in fact, that is to make do with the excitement. What the other party is more concerned about is which kind of currency makes more money. How can I join in
in fact, what I want to say is that you don't have to catch up with every outlet. If you don't catch up with the stock market, we media, wechat business and artificial intelligence, so will the blockchain. New procts will soon replace it
What's the role of blockchain in making people so obsessed? Let's take the above shopping example to illustrate that the so-called bilateral transactions are not absent now, but they are both bilateral transactions. What if one of them does not deliver the goods to you after receiving the money, or if he does not accept the account after receiving the money
How can blockchain solve this problem
it's also a transaction, but in the process of transaction, everyone knows that the other party has given you the money, and you can't deny it. In the final analysis, it's a matter of credit value
what can blockchain bring us? Once there was such a news in the society that how to prove that your mother is your mother. Even if we have the ID card account book in our hands, we still need a government agency to identify it, which is cumbersome
with the help of the regional payment chain, we can establish credit with low cost through mathematical principles rather than centralized credit institutions. In this way, our birth certificate, household register and real estate certificate can be verified on the blockchain. Your mother is your mother's problem
another example is the food safety problem that has been implemented at present, and the rookie tmall Jingdong has started to use it. With the help of blockchain technology, a reliable mechanism has been established for all transactions, which enables procers, suppliers, processors, distributors, retailers, regulators and consumers in the food chain to obtain the source and status information of food at any time, so as to facilitate the tracking of contaminated food, accelerate the removal of problem food from shelves, and effectively prevent the spread of food safety problems
when consumers buy food, they can easily see where the food they eat comes from, how long it has been proced, and what fertilizer they have applied. For the arrival of blockchain, whether we are ready or not, we still have to see if we are not ready

5.

At the end of March this year, bitmainland launched an ant miner X3 based on ASIC, which is mainly aimed at Monroe coin (XmR) and cryptonight algorithm dependent cryptocurrency. Monroe coin immediately issued a counter statement that it will change the core algorithm to fight against the invasion of ASIC computing power

what would be the result if it appeared in the world of digital cryptocurrency? That is, the wrong calculation results may be brought into the whole network without being discovered

More importantly, if a "calculator manufacturer" monopolizes the calculator market, it can also deliberately proce this kind of calculator with errors to change the mathematical rules

after all, the "calculation" in the field of crypto digital currency is not as simple as 1 + 2 + 3. You can't compare paper currency with special currency by hand

the practical significance of computing power monopoly in mainland China

we have learned about attacks based on 51% computing power in various articles

but the reality is that although the global power of 78% was in Chinese mainland, fortunately, they were scattered in different pools and controlled by different people. p>

although all POW based cryptocurrencies have the risk of being attacked by 51%, few people can really launch attacks e to the dispersion of computing power

but what if the miners themselves don't want to attack, but the mining machinery manufacturers attack

still using the analogy just now, although each miner subjectively wants to do the problem checking independently, their calculator is manipulated remotely and gives consistent wrong answers. This may pose a great threat to digital cryptocurrency

however, the manufacturer with the absolute voice of mining machinery had such a problem in mainland China

in April 2017, the back door of antbled came out. Although this is described as a "vulnerability" in Chinese, antbled is more like a function that has been implemented and designed

anonymous people found that after an ant miner made by bitmainland was connected to the network, it would communicate with a domain name held by bitmainland on a regular basis and return the miner's serial number, MAC address and IP address to bitmainland's server. If the server of bitcontinent gives a negative signal, the miner will stop running

although bitcontinental responded that they could not shut down any mining machines that did not belong to them. However, the bitcoin core team has proved in experiments that this function has no verification. Anyone can shut down mining machines by forging DNS - but it also means that bitcoin mainland has the ability to shut down any sold mining machines

After

, bitcontinent fixed this "loophole", but it caused heated discussion in the community. This has also set the tone that almost all pow blockchain communities are biased against mainland China

a few months later, under the leadership of bitcontinent, viabtc g out the first block and made a hard bifurcation with the blockchain of bitcoin. From then on, bitcoin BCH (bitcoin cash) appeared in the world

will the monopoly of mining machinery destroy the distributed system

facing this problem, we should have a clear answer now. That is, the monopoly of mining machinery will certainly affect the safe operation of pow digital cryptocurrency

the problem is not whether bitcontinental and its founder Wu Jihan are trustworthy, but that one of the values of any blockchain system is to operate safely without trust in any single company or indivial

even if the ASIC miner is not monopolized by bitmainland, the ASIC miner itself will increase the concentration of computing power

the ASIC used for mining has great requirements for ventilation, power and site, and has no use except for mining. At the same time, the calculation difficulty of the whole network is increased e to the powerful computing power

as a result, it is very difficult for external players to start mining in the next software on the computer as they did five years ago. And the recent centralized exchange is caused by frequent black incidents, which also proves that concentration in this unregulated market will definitely lead to insecurity

assuming that the bitcoin network runs on top of one million miners, no one can shut it down. And if the bitcoin network runs on 20 large mines, it's much easier to shut it down

and by the end of 2017, 78% of the effort was concentrated in mainland China, which led to a real possibility of Chinese mainland regulators' launching a deadly attack against the special currency. p>

moreover, most of the scenarios of using digital cryptocurrency are related to "decentralization". Once centralized, it means that these scenarios no longer exist. It turns a project that might have value into a pure waste of computing power

Then, what measures should we take in the face of this situation

first of all, as the project side, it may be time to give up the pure POW mechanism. In fact, in many projects of issuing cryptocurrency, especially in asset securitization projects. Similar to the concept of stock in the real world, POS itself is more reasonable than pow

in the media that don't know about blockchain, we often hear such words as "bitcoin wastes a lot of computing power and has no value", which is reasonable to some extent. It is difficult for a POW based blockchain to bind the value of the project itself to the issued digital cryptocurrency - because the real value behind the price of the currency does not come from the project, but from the cost of maintaining computing power

and the hybrid mode of pow + POS is more like the future. In the hybrid mode, both coin holders and miners can participate in the major decisions of this community. If a decision is widely accepted, the blockchain will be soft forked to the latest state without excessive intervention of developers, and there will be almost no private resistance of miners or mining machines

secondly, as a retail miner, if you are still digging a pure POW mechanism currency, you should unconditionally support the bifurcation activities initiated by the community to resist the ASIC mining machine, even if it will lead to the failure of your mining machine

this may sound contradictory, but in the long run, it is better to promote the reform of the community and get more benefits in a currency controlled by the monopoly of computing power. Because in many conflicts between computing power and community in the past, the ultimate result is that the computing power owner will forcibly keep the old algorithm to hard fork the blockchain

just like Eth and etc, the classic Ethereum (etc), which belongs to the computing power master, has lost the support of developers and become an air coin with no vitality and impossible to develop applications

as a retail leek, you should be careful to trade the non mainstream digital currencies (except bitcoin) supported by bitmainland mining machinery, so as to avoid falling into a blockchain in which bitmainland controls the computing power completely

finally, if you are bitcontinent, what should you do

bitcontinent's goal is to become Intel, AMD and NVIDIA, make greater contributions to the whole computer instry, and become a great company, not just entangled in the immediate interests of mining

Wall Street financiers have long seen through the violence brought about by NVIDIA's video card mining. The rise and fall of the company's stock price has been consistent with the price of bitcoin, and even affected by the digital currency market. Citron, a well-known short seller, has recently been bearish on NVIDIA, arguing that the company has focused too much on providing services for digital currency miners rather than on serious businesses such as artificial intelligence, games and driverless driving

the mission of chip manufacturers is to provide more powerful chips to drive more intelligent services, and finally contribute to the real world, rather than become monopoly tycoons in the virtual world. When we no longer enter the gate of the virtual world, the only thing left is a deserted land

in an interview with US media last year, Wu Jihan disclosed that he would make an IPO with a market value of billions of dollars. As a company about to go public, bitmainland should not only be responsible to investors, but also accept investors' questions about the sustainability of its business. "If your mining machinery goes public, it will encounter a fork, what should you do?"

and this question, which needs to be asked after the listing, has already appeared: the current price of the split coin xmo after the Monroe team split is $7.50, while the current price of the real Monroe coin XmR is $194, and the split coin is completely abandoned by the Monroe community

before bitcontinent becomes the name of all blockchain communities, we can rely on the huge amount of capital accumulated in recent years to transform into an artificial intelligence chip company along the previous plan, rather than continue to develop a variety of digital currency mining machines to extract the last drop of oil before the ecological collapse

content source: phoenix.com

6. For blockchain, mining is not necessary. There are many kinds of proof mechanisms, so mining is not necessary
blockchain is a new application mode of distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm and other computer technologies. The so-called consensus mechanism is a mathematical algorithm to establish trust and obtain interests between different nodes in the blockchain system
European crowdfunding is also a blockchain crowdfunding platform based on blockchain development. Every crowdfunding project will issue a digital currency as an asset certificate, but this digital currency does not necessarily need to be mined.

7. No, blockchain is very extensive. Some of them are games and limited transactions. Mining is not equal to blockchain

8. Hello, of course.
blockchain is a new application mode of distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm and other computer technologies. Blockchain is an important concept of bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database. At the same time, as the underlying technology of bitcoin, it is a series of data blocks generated by using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains a batch of information about bitcoin network transactions, Used to verify the validity of its information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block. In fact, the original English version of bitcoin white paper [1] does not use the word blockchain, but uses the word chain of blocks. In the earliest Chinese translation of bitcoin white paper [2], chain of blocks was translated into blockchain. This is the earliest time when the Chinese word "blockchain" appeared.

9. With the combination of 5g and robot technology, new consumer electronics procts are emerging. AI solves the problem of machine understanding the world and human-computer interaction. 5g expands the mobile boundary of the robot, and provides more computing power and storage space for the robot (cloud cooperative robot)< According to the IFR classification method, robots can be roughly divided into instrial robots and service robots. Traditional instrial robots are mainly used in automobile and parts, electronic manufacturing, metal and machinery, food processing and so on. Its main feature is to complete the specified action along the specified path according to the predetermined procere. How can AI / 5G enable robots

the application of AI Artificial Intelligence has given birth to service robots. Service robot covers a wide range, including medical, logistics, agriculture, commerce, civil and other aspects. Through the use of AI technology, through data collection, analysis and calculation, service robot can learn human behavior, understand human intention and cooperate with human< According to IFR calculation, the global robot market in 2017 reached US $23.2 billion, of which the instrial robot market reached US $14.7 billion, with 85 robots per 10000 people. The rest is the service robot market, with a market size of US $8.5 billion

by 2030, the robot market is expected to reach 102.8 billion US dollars, about 20% of the smartphone market. Service robots will reach US $56.1 billion, maintaining a compound annual growth rate of 16%, which is faster than that of instrial robots. After two years of rapid development in 2017 and 2018, the number and amount of financing in the artificial intelligence instry in 2019 showed a precipice like decline, capital concentrated in the head enterprises one after another, and the survival of small companies was difficult. Even the head companies have encountered obstacles on the way to listing, and the news of layoffs is constantly shrinking. From the external environment, everyone's life is not easy

cheetah global think tank believes that the future of artificial intelligence is not always full of flowers and applause. If artificial intelligence really wants to lead the next decade, it must be that practitioners abandon the flashy valuation, focus on procts, take root in technology, and strive for the realization of the scene overnight

pencil recommendation:

after two years of rapid development in 2017 and 2018, the number and amount of financing in the artificial intelligence instry will show a precipice like decline in 2019, capital will be concentrated in the head enterprises one after another, and small companies will have a hard time surviving. Even the head companies have encountered obstacles on the way to listing, and the news of layoffs is constantly shrinking. From the external environment, everyone's life is not easy

cheetah global think tank believes that the future of artificial intelligence is not always full of flowers and applause. If artificial intelligence really wants to lead the next decade, it must be that practitioners abandon the flashy valuation, focus on procts, take root in technology, and strive for the realization of the scene overnight<

source | cheetah global think tank

authors | Zhou Ting, pan Xinghan, Li Xin, Xiao Haiyan

report guidance | Han Jianqi, Zhou Ting

I. foreword

I. foreword

if you want to establish a biography for artificial intelligence, 2019 is destined to be a different year of seeking normality. Difficult and awkward, rooted and stick to, multiple complex emotions interweave in this year

difficult! After two years of rapid development in 2017 and 2018, the number and amount of financing in the artificial intelligence instry in 2019 showed a precipice like decline, capital concentrated in the head enterprises one after another, and the survival of small companies was difficult. Even the head companies have encountered obstacles on the way to listing, and the news of layoffs is constantly shrinking. From the external environment, everyone's life is not easy

awkward! 2019 is also a year of disillusionment. Artificial intelligence was once seen as the next opportunity to create a 10 billion dollar giant after the mobile Internet. But in 2019, before the arrival of general artificial intelligence, it is not as versatile as people think. The public's enthusiasm for artificial intelligence has also decreased a lot. How many people are still concerned about the man-machine battle between Li Shishi and Korean go AI "Han Dou" in December this year<

we should cultivate grain, build high walls and become king slowly. Cheetah global think tank believes that the future of artificial intelligence is not always full of flowers and applause. If artificial intelligence really wants to lead the next decade, practitioners must abandon the flashy valuation, focus on procts, take root in technology and seize the day in the scene

next, cheetah global think tank will comprehensively scan the development of artificial intelligence in 2019 from the aspects of policy, capital, technology, intelligent service robots, AI application scenarios, etc., trying to show you a more comprehensive commercialization of artificial intelligence in 2019.