Oxford blockchain Institute
digital economy and blockchain Technology: he is one of the earliest scholars engaged in blockchain technology in China. He has proposed and developed such theoretical methods as smart contract engineering (SCE), legal code technology, verification as a service (VAAs), etc. in the fields of combination of digital economy and blockchain, planning and consulting of digital economic Park, digital governance of blockchain, and so on Blockchain scalability, Multi Chain interconnection and blockchain formal verification technology have in-depth research and patent achievements. He presided over the research and development of Beihang blockchain series procts, including various forms of blockchain systems with independent intellectual property rights, browsers, monitors, deployment tools and blockchain big data management system (opendata)
distributed parallel computing and network: he has been engaged in cluster computing system, high-performance computing, aerospace electronic bus, and integrated network information technology research in complex computing environment for a long time. He proposed and studied the theory of reconfigurable multi cluster computing based on wolf pack and applied it to practice, and developed several application software systems
formal design and verification methods: in close cooperation with irit and INRIA, we have established a Sino French joint research laboratory for formal methods, studied model driven formal design and verification methods, proposed a number of innovative extension technologies based on AADL and synchronous language signal, and developed a number of model transformation, model validation and verification methods Verification and automatic code generation tools
in recent years, he has published more than 60 papers on SCI / EI retrieval in important academic journals at home and abroad, edited new technologies of network computing (416 pages, published by Science Press in 2001), and cooperatively completed the national authoritative textbook introction to distributed computing system (490 pages, published by Tsinghua University Press in 2014), which won the first prize of 2016 textbook, It has been adopted by more than ten key universities. He has successively presided over and participated in a number of National Natural Science Fund, national key R & D projects, 863 major projects, Junkou 863 project, National Nuclear high-tech foundation project, aerospace fund, and a number of important engineering projects in aerospace field. He won more than 30 national invention patents and soft works, won the five-year achievement award of aviation fund in 2015, and won the second-class innovation achievement award of Instry University Research Institute in 2018.
Blockchain is a new technology, not a disguised form of MLM. It is just claimed by many MLM organizations as "blockchain". In fact, there is no technology. It's just a practice of MLM under the name of "blockchain". The state has issued several announcements to crack down on this kind of MLM. The following is the Xinhua news report on MLM of blockchain:
blockchain is not equal to virtual currency, but also has security risks. Behind the popularity, there is exaggeration with "ulterior motives". Only by removing the flashiness, can the blockchain return to its real application value
invest 80000 yuan, change to 800000 yuan after three months? Shenzhen police cracked a huge fund-raising fraud. Under the guise of blockchain concept and 10 times income, thousands of investors were deeply involved in the case, involving up to 307 million yuan. Under the "veil of mystery" of the blockchain, the illegal elements have taken advantage of their own tricks, and the blockchain has become a "signboard" of economic crimes such as fraud and pyramid selling
why is the blockchain repeatedly "misused" by illegal activities such as pyramid selling fraud? In addition to "unknown", what is the "function" of blockchain technology itself? Since the beginning of this year, with the increase of supervision and the cooling of currency speculation, new opportunities have been brought to the development of blockchain. How about the implementation of blockchain commercial "application" The reporter of outlook news weekly recently concted an investigation
when the three-month "capital release period" promised by the trading platform expired and the staff began to "kick" in the QQ group, Tang Haiyan, who lives in Bao'an District of Shenzhen City, realized that she might have been cheated
previously, Tang Haiyan invested 80000 yuan to buy a virtual currency called "ordinary silver coin" under the introction of her classmates“ The other side said that this currency is the most advanced blockchain technology at present, with Tibetan tea as collateral. He also showed me the "technical white paper". I didn't understand blockchain, so I didn't read it carefully. "
although she doesn't know about blockchain and virtual currency, the high investment income makes Tang Haiyan full of expectations. She told reporters that companies issuing "ordinary silver coins" will regularly split the virtual currency according to the ratio of 1:10, which means that each split will make the value of "ordinary silver coins" in the hands of investors expand 10 times. As long as after a split, her investment of 80000 yuan is equivalent to the purchase of 800000 yuan worth of "ordinary silver coins", which can be sold on the trading platform to obtain huge profits
according to the rules of the trading platform, the newly purchased "ordinary silver coin" cannot be traded immediately, and it must be frozen on the platform for three months before it can enter the "release period". However, after three months, not only did Tang Haiyan not wait for the assets to double, but the 80000 yuan frozen on the platform could not be used for trading
"other investors began to question the authenticity of this investment in QQ group. As a result, the staff of the company kicked these investors out one by one, which made me feel bad." She said
The fact also proves Tang HaiYan's intuition. At the end of March 2018, Shenzhen police detected a huge fund-raising fraud, with the amount of fraud funds as high as 307 million yuan. In this case, Shenzhen Puyin blockchain Group Co., Ltd. involved in the case issued virtual currency in the mode of "blockchain + Tibetan tea" to obtain public deposits. Tang Haiyan was one of the thousands of victimsShenzhen police investigation found that the company claimed that investors could buy and sell "ordinary silver coins" on the virtual trading platform "jucoin net" to earn a price difference
. In fact, the change of its trading price is that the company used investors' investment funds for behind the scenes operation, and once raised the price of "ordinary silver coin" from 0.5 yuan to 10 yuan, so that investors can taste some sweetness. When a large number of investors entered the market, the company continued to cash out through malicious manipulation of the price trend of "ordinary silver coin", which eventually led to the worthlessness of "ordinary silver coin" in the hands of investors
since 2018, engaging in fraud and pyramid selling under the banner of blockchain has become a common "routine" in new criminal tactics. In April 2018, Jinan police dropped a pyramid selling Gang under the guise of "western development", "national poverty alleviation", "original stocks", "blockchain" and "e-commerce", arrested more than 10 major suspects, frozen more than 100 accounts involved, and seized more than 300 million yuan of funds involved
according to Jinan police, huileyi e-commerce company designed a fake virtual disk on the Internet on the ground that the country is vigorously developing the big data instry, and released a variety of virtual currencies such as "precious currency" and "precious currency"
under the guise of giving away, they presented a certain amount of virtual currency to the New MLM staff, with the price of tens of yuan each. Then, through artificial manipulation, they appreciated the virtual currency all the way to more than 100 yuan or even hundreds of yuan, attracting people who did not know the truth to join. Finally, they "cut leeks" through the periodic fluctuation of the so-called "devaluation" of virtual currency, Finally, the purpose of seeking illegal interests is achieved
in Xi'an, a few days ago, the local police successfully cracked a huge network pyramid selling case under the banner of blockchain. According to the police, the suspect, Zheng Mou, has paid a high salary to the 9 network members, such as Zhang and Lee. Since March 28, 2018, he has gathered pyramid selling and network pyramid selling as a means to sell the virtual Datang coins at the consumption era network platform at the price of 3 yuan each, and manipulate the appreciation rate; p>
at the same time, promotion meetings were held in many cities at home and abroad to attract members. According to the development of members, 28 level agents were set up. In just 18 days, the gang developed more than 13000 registered members. At present, it has been found that the case involves 31 provinces, cities and autonomous regions in China, and the fund involved is as high as 86 million yuan
according to Tencent's 2017 pyramid selling situation awareness white paper released by Tencent security joint laboratory, in recent years, all kinds of overseas capital disk, virtual currency and ICO (initial public offering token financing of blockchain project) projects have emerged in an endless stream, which hide many risks such as illegal issuance, untrue projects, cross-border money laundering, fraud and pyramid selling, As a result, a large number of funds flow overseas. Once the market collapses, runs away or loses contact, investors often have no way to complain and the losses are difficult to recover. For example, Baichuan coin, mark coin, beta coin, dark coin, etc
the reporter of lookout Newsweek interviewed in Guangdong, Shandong, Shanghai and other places and learned that most people know that the concept of blockchain is very popular, but they "don't know where it is", and there are different opinions on the specific functions of blockchain: some people think it is used for "investment and financing", "buying and selling currency", while others think it is "a major invention of the same magnitude as the steam engine", Some entrepreneurs are even more eager to seize this "once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to get rich."
many people in the instry said that it is precisely because people have many misunderstandings about blockchain that criminals have opportunities to fish in troubled waters and mislead investors
First, blockchain is not equal to virtual currency. By the end of last year, the number of domestic ICO participants and the total volume of transactions have doubled, a large number of digital currency exchanges have fled overseas, and the agent investment mode has involved more ordinary people in high-risk investmentin many instries, we media and celebrities form interest alliances with issuers and digital exchanges to endorse and create public opinion for the "air currency" project. In December last year, nine departments including the people's Bank of China identified ICO as "suspected of illegal fund-raising, financial fraud, pyramid selling and other illegal and criminal activities"
in the interview, many people told our reporter that the existence of token has built a set of rights and interests mechanism for the development of blockchain technology, which is indispensable for stimulating the prosperity of blockchain applications“ The market practice in the past five years has proved that blockchain applications without equity mechanism are just like market economy without computers connected to the Internet and money, with greatly reced application scenarios and development speed. " An investor in Shanghai said
in fact, the token represented by bitcoin is only one of the earliest procts to verify the blockchain technology, and the two can not be equated, and the existence of token has obviously negative effects on the development of blockchain
Xiao Wei, chief engineer of network blockchain, told this reporter that the myth of ICO's sudden wealth shakes the R & D concentration of blockchain technical talents, and the myth of "sudden wealth" with hundreds of times of return tests the patience of blockchain technical R & D talents“ Many of the "comrades in arms" in the circle who used to do research and development of blockchain technology have gone to issue coins, and now few of them can insist on doing research and development and application of technology. "
Xu zewei, Secretary of the Party committee of Beijing Internet Finance Instry Association, said that under the background of China's ban on ICO, many domestic start-ups promoting blockchain applications are "selling dog meat with sheep's pawn" and financing through concept packaging of worthless tokens“ ICO has polluted the good atmosphere of innovation and entrepreneurship, and created a kind of speculative proct. Many young people are not thinking about entrepreneurship, but are thinking about issuing money, which makes us have the illusion of getting rich overnight. "
at present, more and more people in the instry begin to think about whether the development of blockchain must rely on the issuance of tokens to achieve incentives. Guo Dagang, Secretary General of Beijing Internet Finance Instry Association, told this reporter that the so-called incentive mechanism is only the theoretical basis for the project party to issue tokens for itself. Huo Xuewen, director of Beijing Municipal Bureau of financial work, also believes that if blockchain does not get rid of the dilemma of issuing currency, it will never find a legal landing mechanism
secondly, blockchain is not omnipotent and its security is at risk. Blockchain is generally considered to achieve three functions:
first, the data stored on the blockchain can not be tampered or forged, and the data has high credibility and credibility; Second, the whole process of the transaction can be traced, which can achieve accurate responsibility tracking; Third, the embedded smart contract in the blockchain can be executed automatically based on the contract, so as to improve work efficiency and rece the risk of default. It is generally believed that blockchain has broad application prospects in finance, logistics, trade and other fields
in fact, blockchain is not omnipotent, and its function has many limitations. It is generally believed that, according to the characteristics of cryptography, in order to tamper or falsify in the blockchain, more than 51% of the nodes need to be controlled in theory. When there are enough nodes in the blockchain, it is difficult to tamper with the trust creation mechanism widely participated by the public
However, in reality, digital currency exchanges are frequently attacked or even stolen. On June 20, 2018, bithumb exchange of South Korea announced on its official website that the exchange had been attacked by hackers and stolen 35 billion won, about 32 million US dollars of cryptocurrency Ji Xinhua, known as the first generation of "hackers" in China, said that the blockchain will continue to face attacks, and the process of uploading data to the blockchain is prone to information leakage. Some people in the instry worry that once the super computing power of quantum computing is realized, it will also have a direct impact on the blockchainZhao Yao, a special researcher of the Institute of finance of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, told this reporter that the academic community has confirmed as early as 2013 that the blockchain is not perfect and there are many "cheating" strategies. As long as there are enough economic incentives, controlling attacks of more than 51% nodes does not only exist in theory
Zeng Guang, Secretary General of Shenzhen Internet Finance Association, said that the blockchain technology itself does not have the ability to do so
(1) distributed ledger, that is, transaction bookkeeping is completed by multiple nodes distributed in different places, and each node records complete accounts, so they can participate in monitoring the legitimacy of transactions, At the same time, they can testify together
different from traditional distributed storage, the uniqueness of distributed storage of blockchain is mainly reflected in two aspects: one is that each node of blockchain stores complete data according to block chain structure, while traditional distributed storage generally stores data in multiple copies according to certain rules. Second, the storage of each node in the blockchain is independent and has the same status, which relies on the consensus mechanism to ensure the consistency of storage, while the traditional distributed storage generally synchronizes data from the central node to other backup nodes[ 8]
no single node can record the account data separately, so as to avoid the possibility that a single bookkeeper is controlled or bribed to record false accounts. In theory, unless all the nodes are destroyed, the accounts will not be lost, so as to ensure the security of the account data
(2) asymmetric encryption and authorization technology, the transaction information stored on the blockchain is public, but the account identity information is highly encrypted, which can only be accessed under the authorization of the data owner, thus ensuring the data security and personal privacy
(3) consensus mechanism is how to reach a consensus among all accounting nodes to determine the validity of a record, which is not only a means of identification, but also a means of preventing tampering. Blockchain proposes four different consensus mechanisms, which are suitable for different application scenarios and achieve a balance between efficiency and security
the consensus mechanism of blockchain has the characteristics of "the minority is subordinate to the majority" and "everyone is equal", in which "the minority is subordinate to the majority" does not completely refer to the number of nodes, but also can be the computing power, the number of shares or other characteristics that can be compared by computers“ "Everyone is equal" means that when the nodes meet the conditions, all nodes have the right to put forward the consensus results first, and then directly recognized by other nodes, and finally may become the final consensus results. Taking bitcoin as an example, the workload proof is adopted. Only when more than 51% of the accounting nodes in the whole network are controlled can a nonexistent record be forged. When there are enough nodes in the blockchain, this is basically impossible, thus eliminating the possibility of fraud.
(4) smart contract, which is based on these trusted and tamperable data, can automatically execute some pre-defined rules and terms. Take insurance as an example. If everyone's information (including medical information and risk occurrence information) is true and reliable, it is easy to carry out automatic claim settlement in some standardized insurance procts
blockchain technology does not rely on additional third-party management institutions or hardware facilities, and there is no central control. In addition to the self-contained blockchain itself, each node realizes information self verification, transmission and management through distributed accounting and storage. Decentralization is the most prominent and essential feature of blockchain< Second, openness:
the foundation of blockchain technology is open source. In addition to the private information of all parties to the transaction is encrypted, the data of blockchain is open to all. Anyone can query blockchain data and develop related applications through the open interface, so the information of the whole system is highly transparent< Third, independence:
based on consensus specifications and Protocols (similar to various mathematical algorithms such as hash algorithm used by bitcoin), the whole blockchain system does not rely on other third parties, and all nodes can automatically and safely verify and exchange data in the system without any human intervention< Fourth, security:
as long as 51% of all data nodes cannot be controlled, the network data cannot be arbitrarily controlled and modified, which makes the blockchain itself relatively safe and avoids subjective and artificial data changes
5. Anonymity:
unless there are legal requirements, technically speaking, the identity information of each block node does not need to be disclosed or verified, and information transmission can be carried out anonymously
Digital China is the first major development strategy explicitly put forward in the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. The application of digital technology represented by cloud computing, big data and mobile Internet is no longer limited to the economic field, but widely penetrated into all aspects of public services, social development and people's life, which requires macro coordination, overall control and integrated development
with the deepening of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and instrial change, the tide of digital economy in the world is unstoppable. The development of digital economy has become a global consensus, known as the key to the fourth instrial revolution
adhering to the connotation of the University of nice's world inclusive humanistic spirit, always embracing change, standing up to the tide, conforming to the development trend of the digital economy era, and integrating the essence of Chinese and Western cultural thinking, the University of nice's doctor of blockchain and digital economy management (DDE) came into being
based on this, we can enable the managers of digital economy instry to have global vision and global integration thinking, integrate knowledge, operate digital economy intelligently, promote the sustainable development of the instry, and contribute to the community of human destiny. Therefore, DDE project will cooperate with colleagues in the field of digital economy
if you have MBA related questions, you are welcome to contact me personally&# 180;&# 65381;&# 7447;&# 65381;` ) Bixin~~~~
With all walks of life have begun to enter the blockchain instry, blockchain has undoubtedly become the world's largest wind in 2018. Since 2014, more than a dozen top universities in Europe and America, including MIT, Stanford University and Princeton University, have successively opened blockchain courses
now, it is no longer limited to the teaching of blockchain technology, and some people are ready to challenge the traditional ecation mode with blockchain technology. According to the times of higher ecation, a group of scholars from Oxford University announced that they would establish the world's first blockchain University, Woolf University
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Course Platform demo according to the official website of Woolf University
actively promote the block chain credit certification
"hope the degree certificate will be widely recognized in the future"
however, there are no doubt many problems to be solved when applying an emerging technology to a new concept. Professor Michael sharens, a professor at the Open University of the UK, said that although the founding of Woolf university is a subversive force in the field of ecation, how to ensure high standards of teaching is a big problem. Although blockchain can ensure the teaching interaction between teachers and students, it can not guarantee the quality of teaching
in this regard, Dr. blocky told the media that the key to the quality of ecation is not whether there is a physical campus, but the ability of teachers. Of course, the school will also have relevant teaching quality supervision measures. First of all, only scholars with real doctoral degrees can join the platform as teachers, and they must upload certificates for verification
secondly, the top five colleges of the university will be composed of scholars with doctoral degrees from world-class universities. After the establishment of five high-quality colleges, Woolf will be open to other scholars one after another
in addition, a ranking system was established among colleges according to the number of teaching and the average score of students. Finally, the university will set up a review system for academic fraud and cheating, which will be regularly reviewed by the dean of the college
then, in addition to ensuring the quality of teaching, how can the academic records of blockchain obtain formal academic recognition
Dr. brocky said that blockchain can help the credit certification process, because the information records it provides are highly accurate and completely reliable. The European Commission has recently published a report on blockchain in ecation, but it will take some time to complete this process
before obtaining official permission, blockchain records will be temporarily used as a part of the application process. For the degree certification of early-stage students, the university will cooperate with existing universities and still use the traditional way to certify credits. In addition, at the initial stage of its establishment, the university will invite ecational institutions such as Oxford college to join the platform and make full use of their existing degree certification mechanism. At the same time, the University of Virginia Woolf has begun to actively seek ecation certification in the European Union and the United States, hoping that in the next 10 years, the degree certificate of Virginia Woolf University will be widely recognized
Dr. blocky said that Woolf university is the future ecation model, which combines online and offline ecation, and connects the world's outstanding students and teachers by building a global talent network“ I hope this model can improve the overall quality of ecation and provide a new way for students to acquire knowledge and achieve success, no matter where they are
Shandong blockchain Research Institute is jointly built by Jinan Municipal People's government and Tsinghua University, and will combine the needs of blockchain instry, The first whole chain innovation system of "basic research + core technology + achievement transformation + service to the country" of Shandong blockchain will be constructed, and a high-level blockchain innovation platform "based on Shandong, serving the whole country and radiating the world" will be built.