Blockchain sanctions

2. Government management
some countries have shown great interest in the blockchain technology of decentralized data management framework to store public data. For example, essentia is developing an e-government project with the Central Union of agricultural procers and forest owners in Finland, The project will apply blockchain technology to enable urban and rural residents in Finland to query various records, fully meet the needs of residents and employers, and improve the employment rate. In addition, the use of this technology can also improve the efficiency of government operation, so that residents can easily query ecation, public records, voting and other information
waste recycling
for example, an intelligent waste management system in China adopts the RFID technology of waltonchain company. Using this blockchain application of waltonchain, it can effectively monitor the waste level, so as to improve the management and operation efficiency and resource optimization
identity recognition
chug, a Swiss city known as "encryption Valley", has developed an identity authentication system with its partner uport by using blockchain technology, through which citizens can participate in online voting and proof of residence
border control
essentia has been in contact with the Dutch government, hoping to use its blockchain technology to establish a set of border inspection system for the Dutch government to check passengers between Amsterdam and London. At present, passengers of Eurostar high-speed rail between the two countries need to undergo border control checks at multiple locations. Essentia is working on a blockchain based solution that will securely store passenger data so that inspection records from the Netherlands can also be reviewed by UK Border agencies. Blockchain technology will ensure that the data has not been tampered with and is verifiable and accurate
health care
as we all know, medical records are very scattered and prone to errors. Inconsistent data processing process will make hospitals and clinics often forced to deal with some incorrect or incomplete patient records. For example, Medrec, a blockchain electronic medical record system developed by MIT, uses blockchain technology to promote data sharing. At the same time, it can also provide authentication and confidentiality services
enterprise management
as enterprise customers of Microsoft azure applications, they can make use of blockchain as a service (baas), which will enable enterprises to access smart contracts and blockchain applications in a secure hosting environment. According to media reports, Google is also developing a proprietary blockchain project to support its cloud based business. And alpha, Google's parent company, is developing a distributed accounting project that third parties will be able to use to store data related to Google's cloud services
medical data
medical centers that digitize patient records do not store data among multiple devices. They usually store data on centralized servers, which has become the main target of hackers. The wannacry attack on NHS hospital in the UK proves this. But in addition, even if the security risk is ignored, there is still the problem of fragmentation. At present, there are more than 50 different electronic medical record systems (EHR) operating in hospitals in different cities around the world, and there are usually dozens of different medical application systems in the same city. These independent systems can't perform interoperation, and the data of patients in each hospital can only be distributed in different data storage centers
in the case of patients' life and death, the lack of reliable medical data contrast and slow operation efficiency will be fatal. Essentia's application framework solves all these problems by using blockchain based system, which will store all clinical data of patients, and can access these data immediately regardless of geographical boundaries. In this system, the patient's medical record privacy can also be protected, and only the authorized medical personnel can access it in a specific period of time
Music Proction
one of the main advantages of blockchain technology is that it eliminates unnecessary middlemen or middlemen. The music instry is a typical example. In this instry, if artists are inefficient, they will get very low remuneration. At this time, a number of blockchain based projects have emerged to seek a fairer trading and business environment for music creators, such as artbit, a former gunshot rose drummer Matt Soren as director
carbon compensation
as a highly instrialized country, China's environmental change is huge. In March 2017, IBM and energy blockchain labs jointly launched the hyperledger fabric blockchain project to discover China's carbon assets, which not only creates a measurable and auditable system for tracking carbon emissions, but also provides a tradable market for companies seeking to offset energy consumption and stimulate green instrial practice
supply chain management
supply chain management is considered to be one of the better cases of applying blockchain, because it is very suitable for the express delivery of such goods from delivery to receipt or the whole process from manufacturer to store. IBM and Wal Mart have jointly launched a blockchain food safety alliance in China. The project is also jointly operated with Jingdong company, aiming to improve food delivery tracking and safety assurance, so as to make it easier to trace food safety issues
facts have proved that China is a mature experimental base for blockchain projects, and it is also the location of the world's first blockchain for agricultural procts (5.180, - 0.25, - 4.60%). Louis Dreyfus Co, a world-famous food trader, has established a blockchain technology project in cooperation with Dutch and French banks. Using this project technology, the transaction settlement is faster than traditional methods in the process of selling soybeans to China
diamond instry
De Beers Group, the world's most famous diamond company, has its own blockchain company and has started operation. Its purpose is to "establish a digital record for every diamond registered on the platform". Considering the origin of diamonds, the ethical standards of origin, and the risk of diamond quality, blockchain technology is a good choice, because every record of it is indelible, and it will ensure that the electronic data of each diamond is as permanent as itself
real estate transactions
currently, Ukraine is the first country to use blockchain technology to promote property transactions. Michael Arlington, the founder of techcrunch, a famous technology website and cryptocurrency player, remotely purchased and resold a real estate in Kiev through the smart contract of Ethereum blockchain. This transaction was completed by propy, a start-up company specializing in blockchain real estate transactions
fisheries
blockchain technology is now being used to support the development of sustainable fisheries. Illegal fishing is a common problem in this instry. The distributed ledger technology of blockchain provides a proof of the capture source, processing and sale mode. This "net to table" supply chain allows inspectors to determine whether the fish caught came from a human rights violation area or from a country affected by economic sanctions
art paintings
similar to diamond trading, the art instry relies on the provenance and authenticity of art works. Although the blockchain cannot identify whether a painting is an original or a fake, it can be used to prove the identity of the previous owner of the painting. In addition, blockchain technology is now also used as a means to obtain works of art. It can make tangible goods easily traded and exchanged anywhere in the world without physical transfer from a secure storage place
public facilities
in Freemantle, Australia, a project dedicated to distributed energy and water system management is using blockchain technology, and solar panels (3.340, - 0.06, - 1.76%) are being used in sunny areas to obtain electricity, which is then used to heat water and provide electricity, All these energy conversion and use information will be recorded in the blockchain data
in Chile, the National Energy Commission has started to use the blockchain technology as the verification of the country's energy use data, and some sensitive data will be stored in the blockchain. The application of this technology can be regarded as a means for the modernization and safe operation of power infrastructure in this South American country
LGBT rights
blockchain can help build a "pink economy" and help LGBT communities fight for their own rights without revealing people's identities. This is an extremely important issue, because crimes of discrimination against homosexual groups often occur, especially in countries notorious for human rights violations, Homosexuality is illegal, or at least not allowed
catastrophe bonds
catastrophe bonds may be the only hope for victims of earthquakes, tsunamis and other natural disasters. Blockchain allows fast and transparent reconciliation between the parties, and can ensure that the system can continue to operate normally even under unmanned operation. Now, blockchain has been successfully used in the settlement mechanism of catastrophe bonds
tourism
local institutions in Hawaii are studying how to use blockchain technology to improve the economy, such as opening bitcoin and other monetary payment means to facilitate tourists' transaction of local goods and services. In this way, the Hawaiian government hopes to attract tourists, especially those from Asia, to spend more money in the local area and improve the economic development of Hawaii
homeland security
in 2016, the US Department of Homeland Security (DHS) announced a project that will use blockchain technology as a means of secure storage and capture of data transmission. DHS uses Factom's blockchain technology to encrypt and store data captured by security cameras and other sensors. The application of this blockchain technology will greatly rece the risk of data leakage. At present, the project is still in progress
maritime transportation
it is self-evident that blockchain is used to record ship transportation data. At present, some local shipping projects have adopted distributed ledger technology. In the maritime logistics instry, blockchain technology can make the inevitable cumbersome management proceres in international trade more transparent and orderly. Maersk, one of the world's largest shippers, is a pioneer in the use of blockchain. Today, Yixing international shipping company Zim has also made follow-up use of blockchain technology.

3. Recently, under the banner of "financial innovation" and "blockchain", some lawless elements in Hainan have absorbed funds by issuing so-called "virtual currency", "virtual assets" and "digital assets", thus infringing the legitimate rights and interests of the public. This kind of activity is not really based on blockchain technology, but hypes the concept of blockchain, illegal fund-raising, pyramid selling and fraud, which mainly has the following characteristics:
1. Obvious networking and cross-border. Relying on the Internet and chat tools for transactions, and using online payment tools to balance funds, the risks spread widely and spread quickly
Second, deception, temptation and concealment are strong. They use hot concepts to hype, fabricate various "tall and tall" theories, and some also use celebrity "big V" platforms to publicize. They use airdrop "candy" as temptation to claim that "currency value only rises but not falls", "investment cycle is short, income is high, and risk is low", which has strong bewitching. In practice, criminals illegally make huge profits by manipulating the price trend of the so-called virtual currency, setting profit and withdrawal threshold. In addition, some criminals also issue tokens under the guise of ICO, IFO, IEO, etc., or hype virtual currency in the way of IMO under the banner of sharing economy, which has strong concealment and confusion
thirdly, there are many kinds of illegal risks. Through public publicity, criminals use "static income" (currency appreciation profit) and "dynamic income" (development offline profit) as t to attract public investment, lure investors and development personnel to join, and constantly expand the fund pool, which is characterized by illegal fund-raising, pyramid selling, fraud and other illegal behaviors
this kind of activity takes "financial innovation" as a gimmick, and its essence is a Ponzi scheme of "borrowing the new to repay the old", so it is difficult to maintain the capital operation for a long time. The general public should treat the blockchain rationally, not blindly believe the promises, establish a correct monetary concept and investment concept, and effectively improve the risk awareness;

4.

As of May 2020, blockchain and digital currency are illegal in China

according to the announcement of the people's Bank of China Central Network Information Office, Ministry of instry and information technology, State Administration for Instry and commerce, China Banking Regulatory Commission, China Securities Regulatory Commission and China Insurance Regulatory Commission on preventing the risks of token issuance and financing, Article 2 no organization or indivial shall illegally engage in token issuance and financing activities. Organizations and indivials that have completed the token issuance and financing should make arrangements such as refund, reasonably protect the rights and interests of investors, and properly handle risks. Relevant departments will seriously investigate and deal with the activities of token issuance and financing that refuse to stop and the illegal behaviors in completed token issuance and financing projects

Article 3 strengthen the management of token financing trading platform

from the date of this announcement, any so-called token financing trading platform shall not engage in the exchange business between legal currency and token and "virtual currency", and shall not buy or sell token or "virtual currency" as a central counter party, and shall not provide pricing for token or "virtual currency" Information intermediary and other services

extension data

"illegal financial institutions and illegal financial business activities ban" stipulates that:

eleventh, the criminal suspect, funds and property involved in illegal financial institutions and illegal financial activities, and the public security organs shall take compulsory measures according to law to prevent suspect from escaping and transferring funds and property. p>

Article 12 the people's Bank of China shall, after investigation and confirmation, make a decision to ban the illegal financial institutions and financial business activities, declare them illegal, order them to stop all business activities, and make an announcement

Article 13 if the people's Bank of China discovers that a financial institution opens an account, handles settlement and provides loans for an illegal financial institution or illegal financial business activities, it shall order the financial institution to stop the relevant business activities immediately. No unit or indivial may use the relevant funds without authorization

5. Blockchain is a large-scale and decentralized economic organization mode realized by a group of technologies. Blockchain has attracted wide attention because it has changed the original economic organization mode in many fields. People are now exploring the application of blockchain in various fields of economy. In essence, they are looking for new ways to use blockchain to adjust or innovate the original economic organization of enterprises, instries and regions, and to rece costs and improve revenue. As an economic organization mode, blockchain can be extended downward to its implementation technology, and upward to its impact on social organization and social consciousness, which makes it easier to understand the complex social impact brought by blockchain
at present, the issue of currency has been banned in China, but the overseas policy is loose. However, companies that do blockchain technology will require the issuer to rely on the main company before they can cooperate. Therefore, most of the blockchain instry have registered a main foundation
foundations can be registered in the United Kingdom, the United States, caiman, Singapore and even Malta. What are the differences between these regions? Britain and the United States are now mainly engaged in non-profit foundations, similar to domestic social organizations. It is no problem to raise money to avoid tax, but it is impossible to issue money to do legal compliance; The Kaiman foundation, also known as the limited partnership (ELP), is composed of a general partner (GP) and one or more limited partners (LP). The cost of such a combination is bound to increase. At present, some large groups such as Alibaba, Jingdong and network have chosen it for listing; As for Malta, the policy is extremely unstable, and even the collection of money is subject to Chinese sanctions, so most people are "deterred"
so now Singapore is still the center of blockchain settlement, which is mainly e to Singapore's loose economic environment and good policies. The first place to register a foundation in Singapore is close to China. If you have any news, you can control it in time; Second, Singapore's non-profit foundations are tax-free; Third, the choice of the public. Many well-known token issuers choose to register with the Singapore foundation first; Fourth, the issuance of tokens requires legal compliance. Singapore has a very perfect service system
information required for registration of Singapore Foundation:
ID cards (scanned copies) of one or two registrants, who have no criminal record in Singapore and have reached the age of 18
2. Company Name: end with Ltd. and add Fund / foundation
3. Registered capital: S $1, stipulated by the government
4. Company nature: public guarantee (non-profit)
5. Registration time: 10-25 working days.

6. Notice on continuing ecation of public demand subjects of intellectual property rights, In accordance with the deployment of the project of updating the knowledge of professional and technical personnel ("project 653"), the Ministry of personnel and the State Intellectual Property Office decided to jointly carry out continuing ecation on public demand subjects of intellectual property for the majority of professional and technical personnel. According to the relevant requirements of the notice of the general office of Shandong Provincial People's Government on printing and distributing the continuing ecation plan for professional and technical personnel in Shandong Province ring the 11th Five Year Plan period (lzbf [2007] No. 11) and the notice of the general office of the Ministry of personnel and the Office of the State Intellectual Property Office on carrying out the continuing ecation of public subjects of intellectual property rights (grtbf [2007] No. 59), The following is the notice on the issues related to the continuing ecation of intellectual property public demand subjects for professional and technical personnel in the whole province:
I. training objects
the continuing ecation of intellectual property public demand subjects is a national continuing ecation popularization training project and an important part of the continuing ecation of professional and technical personnel ring the "Eleventh Five Year Plan" period< Second, the training content is the basic knowledge of intellectual property. The textbook is the "public course of intellectual property" jointly compiled by the Ministry of personnel and the State Intellectual Property Office and published by China personnel publishing house. At the same time, it provides intellectual property related policies, regulations, cases, online courses, courseware, etc. for the majority of technical personnel to learn free of charge< Third, training methods
the training of public demand subjects of intellectual property is mainly self-study with organization, plan and guidance. All units may organize teacher training courses, backbone training courses, special seminars, discussion and exchange, network training, etc. as appropriate. It is necessary to make full use of radio and television, newspapers and magazines, knowledge competitions, lectures and other forms to carry out intellectual property popularization training activities and enhance the training effect< The training time of continuing ecation for public subjects of intellectual property rights can be controlled at about one third of the annual off-ty continuing ecation hours stipulated by the state, that is, 4 days or 24 hours. The training in the whole province started in July this year and ended before the end of December< 5. Training materials
the training materials for public subjects of intellectual property rights in the whole province are uniformly used in the "public course of intellectual property rights" (including CD-ROM, priced at 27 yuan) compiled by the Ministry of personnel and the State Intellectual Property Office. In order to rece the cost, the teaching materials are uniformly ordered by the provincial personnel department. All cities, departments and units are requested to report the number of textbooks to the ecation and Training Department of the Provincial Personnel Department before July 10< According to the requirements of the Ministry of personnel, the continuing ecation of public demand subjects of intellectual property is jointly organized and implemented by the personnel department and the intellectual property department, and incorporated into the overall plan of the national intellectual property strategy. The municipal personnel bureaus, together with the local science and technology departments and intellectual property departments, are specifically responsible for the training organization in their respective regions. The training of provincial departments (units) is organized by the personnel (ecation and training) Department of their respective departments (units). Personnel departments at all levels should conscientiously strengthen the organization and leadership of this training activity, and conscientiously organize the professional and technical personnel of their own regions and departments to participate in the training of public subjects of intellectual property, so that all trainees can participate in the training. Ecation and training funds at all levels should focus on the guarantee of this training activity, and actively give priority to it. It is necessary to adhere to the public welfare nature of the training of public need subjects in continuing ecation. It is strictly forbidden to take advantage of the opportunity to hold training for the purpose of making profits, and it is strictly forbidden to charge for the examination by car. After the training, the personnel bureaus of all cities, departments (units) directly under the provincial government and colleges and universities will organize the examination, and the examination results will be recorded in the credit certificate of continuing ecation for professional and technical personnel of Shandong Province. After the completion of the continuing ecation of public demand subjects of intellectual property rights, all cities and departments (units) should seriously carry out the inspection and summary, and the summary report should be submitted to the Provincial Personnel Department before the end of December. The Provincial Personnel Department will organize forces to carry out the inspection and acceptance.

7.

On March 19, trump signed an executive order to prohibit U.S. citizens and entities or indivials and entities in the United States from participating in digital currency transactions concted by the Venezuelan government or its agents. The executive order came into effect at noon on March 19

since the second half of 2017, the United States has repeatedly imposed sanctions on Venezuela e to the holding of the constituent assembly election and other reasons, expanded personal economic sanctions on current and former senior officials of Venezuela, and prohibited U.S. financial institutions from participating in New debt and equity transactions between the Venezuelan government and state-owned Venezuelan oil companies, American institutions are prohibited from participating in the trading of some bonds issued by Venezuelan public sector

8. Recently, the Zhejiang high court held a press conference on "Comprehensively Strengthening the judicial protection of intellectual property rights" and issued the "Implementation Opinions on Comprehensively Strengthening the judicial protection of intellectual property rights", focusing on solving the problems of difficult proof, long cycle, high cost, low compensation and so on, and promoting the court and relevant functional departments to work together to promote the whole chain protection of intellectual property rights The opinions clearly pointed out: we should strengthen the protection of intellectual property rights in new fields and formats, such as artificial intelligence, gene technology, blockchain, core algorithm, etc
efforts should be made to solve the problem of "difficulty in adcing evidence". We should make full use of the rules of the distribution and transfer of the burden of proof, the presumption of the obstruction of proof, and the order of providing documents, so as to reasonably rece the difficulty of the obligee's proof. We should strengthen evidence preservation, investigate and collect evidence in accordance with their functions and powers, actively implement the system of lawyers' investigation orders, and punish illegal acts that do not cooperate with investigation and evidence collection according to law. We should improve the identification rules of electronic evidence such as third-party electronic evidence, and guide the parties to widely use blockchain and other technical means to obtain, fix and deposit evidence
in the Internet era, blockchain is naturally applicable to intellectual property because of its decentralized, distributed storage, encryption and traceability, which can effectively solve the problems of intellectual property, such as easy to , hard to fix and hard to recover. At present, it has been widely used in the field of intellectual property and recognized by the judiciary. In the process of intellectual property rights protection, it is the core and key to prove the authenticity of the evidence and be accepted by the court. Yibaoquan's brand micro right is a domestic blockchain information service filing enterprise of the state network information office. It is the first to create the mode of "blockchain + justice + intellectual property protection", providing one-stop services such as work confirmation, infringement monitoring, network forensics, verification and proof. Through sha-512 hash algorithm, time stamp service and pbft consensus algorithm, the original data is encrypted, and the unique corresponding digital fingerprint is generated from the subject, time, process and content of the certificate, which is encrypted and stored on the blockchain to effectively guarantee the integrity and originality of the certificate data. Users can check the source of blockchain online through the official websites of notary office, Arbitration Commission, Capital Intellectual Property Association, etc. they can also directly scan the QR code on the certificate and directly show the evidence of blockchain to the judge in court. Even if the infringer has already deleted the infringing content, it can not be repudiated. At present, the evidence of blockchain storage and forensics provided by micro right has been publicized and accepted by court officials in many parts of the country, and has been listed in typical blockchain cases for many times,

9. Seven misunderstandings about blockchain
blockchain based systems have broad prospects in the future, but we need to be very clear about what blockchain can do. Imagine the blockchain technology in the next 20 years, its impact may be as big as the Internet
however, it is shocking that we mainly see today that the project seems to be based on decentralized design, but in fact there are some misconceptions about blockchain
if we want technology to continue to move in the right direction, we need to turn this craze into proctive and realistic expectations, so as to rece the possibility of the supply chain falling to the bottom. Once it falls to the bottom, it may be abandoned in the corner with meaningless proof of concept
let's take a look at the seven misconceptions of unrealistic expectations for blockchain:
misconception 1: highly scalable
compared with traditional (server based) trading methods, blockchain deployment does not have real scalability, and the current trading time depends on the slow party. They are only scalable for certain types of transactions, such as transactions with small payloads and transactions close to certain limits. You can't just pile up information on the blockchain
Myth 2: it is absolutely secure
although the blockchain is based on encryption standards, the method to ensure privacy is completely outside any blockchain standards and implementation. Only encryption experts can really understand and verify blockchain integration. However, each implementer has the responsibility to ensure security, so this approach is largely the same as the management of financial transactions in the old era
mistake 3: trustworthy
the blockchain ensures the integrity of transactions and information, otherwise anything stored in the blockchain cannot be trusted. You need to make sure that the parties that store the facts in the blockchain are trustworthy and that the facts are true to determine that they are truly trustworthy. This governance model allows multiple parties to be jointly and severally liable for the infrastructure, and requires secure access to store facts in the blockchain
myth 4: you can put anything in the blockchain
blockchain is a protocol represented by code, which is not defined according to any standard. There is no standard body to provide rules or guidance for the implementation of sanctions
generally, you can only handle small payloads, and you still need to reach an agreed standard among all participants so that anyone can understand what is stored
myth 5: you can express anything in a smart contract
although this is technically feasible, in practice, blockchain is limited to simple and easy to understand use cases. Smart contracts are very complex in nature. By design, once released, you cannot modify or repair them. They contain very complex interactions and irreversible results
myth 6: if you don't like public chain, please choose private chain
private chain is not a channel to obtain privacy or access restricted information. In fact, you can even think that private chain should not be an open option. Nevertheless, enterprise blockchains may not be able to realize any inherent advantages of blockchain technology, and privately developed blockchains may lack the community and academic review necessary to ensure their attributes
myth 7: the size of the community doesn't matter
the blockchain procts promoted by the community are being forked by private players in all aspects, and they strengthen their role in various ways. However, a large community composed of users, users, scholars and implementers is the only force to ensure the validity of password attributes. Only the open source blockchain with the largest community and installation base will last. The rest can be regarded as experiments in the laboratory, of which 99.9% will die
a smart technician will move forward based on use cases and a set of first principles in his mind. First, there may never be a blockchain to manage all of them. Two different use cases require different blockchains. Some participants are many, some are few, some need strong privacy around facts, and some are fully transparent
considering all the above, what we can do together now is to innovate, tackle real business problems, and initiate and promote proof of concept to better understand the power of blockchain.

10. At present, the Chinese government has not recognized the legal status of digital currency. In September 2017, the central bank, China Banking Regulatory Commission and other official departments issued documents to prohibit the trading and circulation of digital currency (token, virtual currency) in China. Therefore, the so-called "digital currency" represented by bitcoin is illegal and must not be invested. Blockchain technology is only a scientific means. If someone uses blockchain to carry out illegal fund-raising and other criminal activities, it will be subject to legal sanctions. From the current situation, almost all the investment projects under the banner of "blockchain" are in the gray area. They are often suspected of fraud, illegal fund-raising and other illegal and criminal activities. We must be vigilant and not be confused by the clever words of illegal companies and personnel.