Global internal emission of blockchain alchemy

1. Introction to seven core technologies of blockchain operation on January 15, 2018
1. Blockchain links
as the name suggests, blockchain is a chain composed of blocks. Each block is divided into block head and block body (including transaction data). The block head includes the prevhash value (also known as hash value) of the previous block used to realize the block link and the random number (nonce) used to calculate the mining difficulty. The hash value of the previous block is actually the hash value of the head of the previous block, and the random number calculation rule determines which miner can obtain the right to record the block
2. Consensus mechanism
blockchain is accompanied by the birth of bitcoin, which is the basic technology architecture of bitcoin. Blockchain can be understood as an Internet-based decentralized accounting system. A decentralized digital currency system like bitcoin requires the consistency of accounting of honest nodes without a central node, which needs blockchain to complete. Therefore, the core of blockchain technology is a consensus mechanism to reach a consensus on the legitimacy of transactions between indivials without mutual trust without central control
there are four main types of consensus mechanisms in blockchain: pow, POS, dpos and distributed consistency algorithm
3. Unlocking script
script is an important technology to realize automatic verification and contract execution on blockchain. Every output of every transaction does not point to an address in the strict sense, but to a script. A script is like a set of rules that constrain how the receiver can spend the asset locked on the output
the validation of transactions also depends on scripts. At present, it depends on two kinds of scripts: Lock script and unlock script. Locking script is a condition added to the output transaction, which is realized by a script language and located in the output of the transaction. The unlocking script corresponds to the locking script. Only when the conditions required by the locking script are met can the assets corresponding to the script be spent, which is located in the input of the transaction. Many flexible conditions can be expressed by script language. Interpretation script is similar to the "virtual machine" in our programming field, which runs in every node of the blockchain network in a distributed way
4. Transaction rules
blockchain transaction is not only the basic unit of a block, but also the actual effective content recorded by the blockchain. A blockchain transaction can be a transfer, or the deployment of smart contracts and other transactions
as far as bitcoin is concerned, a transaction refers to a single payment transfer. The transaction rules are as follows:
1) the input and output of the transaction cannot be empty
2) for each input of a transaction, if its corresponding utxo output can be found in the current transaction pool, the transaction will be rejected. Because the current transaction pool is the transaction not recorded in the blockchain, and each input of the transaction should come from the confirmed utxo. If it is found in the current trading pool, it is Shuanghua trading
3) for each input in a transaction, the corresponding output must be utxo
4) each input unlocking script must verify the compliance of the transaction together with the corresponding output locking script
5. Transaction priority
the priority of blockchain transaction is determined by the blockchain protocol rules. For bitcoin, the priority of a transaction to be included in a block is determined by the time when the transaction is broadcast to the network and the amount of the transaction. With the increase of transaction broadcast time on the network and the increase of transaction chain age, the priority of transaction will be improved and eventually be included by the block. For Ethereum, the priority of the transaction is also related to the transaction fee that the publisher is willing to pay. The higher the transaction fee that the publisher is willing to pay, the higher the priority that the transaction is included in the block
6. Merkle proof
the original application of Merkle proof is bitcoin, which was described and created by Satoshi Nakamoto in 2009. Bitcoin blockchain uses Merkle proof to store transactions in each block. So that the transaction can not be tampered with, but also easy to verify whether the transaction is included in a specific block
7. RLP
RLP (recursive length prefix) is one of the main encoding methods of object serialization in Ethereum. Its purpose is to encode the sequence of arbitrary nested binary data.

2. The projects of jinwowo network technology analysis blockchain are divided into three levels:

the top and easiest thing to do is the application layer. I can see two or three such projects every day, accounting for more than 95% of the whole market. But such companies often write a lot of technical things in the white paper. In fact, they also write in vain. This is purely for the purpose of collecting pages, because they don't need to talk about technology at all

the second type is the intermediate operation level, such as quantum chain and ant. This kind of project is similar to the operation procere, called the basic chain, which is used to run the application. This category is relatively small, and the proportion has dropped to less than 5%

the third category is more downward extension and lower level, such as standard chain and arcblock. This kind is even less. It's good to see two or three in a month. And some of them are not necessarily true, because there is really nothing to write about, and all fields are occupied by others, so someone will go in this direction.

3. Before October 2018, it seems that the fastest one is REBO, next to EOS. After October, these public chains are basically silent in terms of speed, because bitconch of Baker chain has achieved 120000 TPS Based on many technical advantages, which makes it possible for applications to land. Therefore, the world's fastest public chain is the world's fastest public chain, which can be said to be the leader.

4.

bitcoin:

is an electronic currency proced by open-source P2P software. Digital currency is a kind of network virtual currency. Bitcoin is also paraphrased as "bitcoin."

bitcoin does not rely on specific currency institutions to issue, it is generated through a large number of calculations of specific algorithms. Bitcoin economy uses a distributed database composed of many nodes in the whole P2P network to confirm and record all transactions. The decentralized nature and algorithm of P2P can ensure that it is impossible to artificially manipulate the value of bitcoin through mass proction. Since bitcoin was born with an algorithm, it was stipulated from the beginning that all bitcoins in the world would not exceed 21 million bitcoins. Because bitcoin is not regulated by the government, it is not subject to inflation constraints and external control

people use the computing power of CPU and CpG to "mine" to unlock the new bitcoin. To put it figuratively: bitcoin is equivalent to a gold mine created by people using computers. The setting of this gold mine is limited. The upper limit is 21 million bitcoin. People dig out bitcoin one by one just like miners using the principle of CPU computing

the principle of bitcoin, the distributed characteristics of P2P and the design without central management mechanism ensure that no institution can control the value of bitcoin or create inflation. This decentralization makes it a more secure and value preserving "virtual currency"

But in fact, netizens, as well as traders and investors of bitcoin, do not see one of the biggest drawbacks of bitcoin: bitcoin is not unique

What do you mean? We think that bitcoin is the only one with a cap of 21 million, which seems to have the function of preserving value. But the principle of bitcoin algorithm is not only applicable to "bitcoin", a kind of currency from Japan. Every computer engineer can develop the corresponding algorithm, make a man-made gold mine, and control its upper limit. In this way, every country, every region and every person can develop countless algorithms. Then the market will be full of virtual currencies such as "bitcoin a", "bitcoin B", "bitcoin C", "bitcoin D", and so on. By that time, who are you going to invest in? You can create your own currency

this hidden danger is not a dream. In fact, it has already started. You can log on bitcoin's official website in China. You will find that in addition to bitcoin, there is now another kind of thing called "Yuanbao coin". This is an algorithm similar to bitcoin developed by a Chinese development team. It also has the same upper limit. The same people can't control it and dig Yuanbao coin out through "mining"

if they can do this, I believe many computer workers can also write their own "Yuan Bao coin", "gold and silver coin", "China bitcoin" and "Shanghai bitcoin". Bitcoin, as the first code to appear, has no credit support from the Central Bank of any country. It has value only because of the scarcity of 21 million. In fact, this scarcity does not exist, because everyone can develop the virtual currency code, and then people from all over the world can mine it. So what's the price of bitcoin? There are limited kinds of metals on earth, so each metal has different value according to its quantity and scarcity. But the bitcoin like code in the network world is infinite. As long as people are willing, they can create unlimited kinds of bitcoin code. Tell me, is bitcoin still valuable

blockchain Technology:

the main function of blockchain is to store information. Any information that needs to be saved can be written to or read from the blockchain, so it is a database

the essence of blockchain is to achieve the goal of decentralization and disintermediation through a new generation of data technology, so as to transmit value more transparently and efficiently. This kind of point-to-point verification will proce a new network "basic protocol" which is different from TCP / IP in the Internet era

blockchain shows us a world in which all assets will be digitized. In a valuable Internet, the transfer of assets will be as fast, convenient and cheap as the transmission of information today

the significance of blockchain is not the wealth of digital currency, but the value transmission of its technology itself. Therefore, Ma Yun has repeatedly separated blockchain from digital currency, and stressed that the extent to which blockchain technology will change the world is beyond people's imagination

difference:

blockchain is a technology, based on blockchain technology, there can be many applications

bitcoin: is one of the most popular and well-known applications

the content is for reference only, only represents personal views, and does not make any suggestions

5. The analysis of jinwowo network is as follows:
if the solution to the consistency problem is the practice of blockchain "write" operation, then the retrieval of blockchain content is a "read" process. Therefore, for the needs of applications, blockchain should not be replaced for the sake of blockchain
on the basis of achieving a broad consensus on the content, we can choose an appropriate way to optimize the traversal on the blockchain. Centralized retrieval or the composite retrieval function of the blockchain itself can be referred to.

6. Aggregation chain refers to the innovative introction of "alliance chain + cross chain + public chain" aggregation chain technology architecture on the basis of long-term accumulated alliance chain technology, so as to realize the efficient, safe and low-cost flow of data and assets, and then practice the historical mission of enabling distributed economy.

7. Let me give you some advice. The application of enterprise on the chain means that most of the business activities of the enterprise and most of the service and management functions of Zhengfu are carried out efficiently on the chain. It is suggested to pay attention to the "SMIC blockchain service platform" for real-time information understanding

8. Blockchain is a technology, but it is not a single technology, but the result of the integration of a variety of technologies, including cryptography, mathematics, economics, network science and so on. You can think of it as a distributed shared accounting technology or a database, but the database is jointly maintained by all nodes in the chain, and each node has an account book, because the account books of all nodes are consistent, and different nodes can trust each other, so there is no doubt about the data, So we all say that blockchain realizes trust technically
based on trust, bumeng has built a digital asset platform, which allows enterprises to issue their own assets. In fact, it is an exploration based on the characteristics of blockchain technology to let these assets circulate freely.