Blockchain Graduate Office

1. Cheng University of information engineering, the first blockchain engineering major, blockchain is still very popular. The SMIC blockchain platform launched by Changsha high tech Zone also enlists enterprises to go on the chain, and then enterprises can make transactions on the chain.

2. Hu Kai's graate degree course distributed operating system. In recent years, he has published more than 60 SCI / EI retrieval papers in important academic journals at home and abroad, edited new technologies of network computing (416 pages, published by Science Press in 2001), and completed the national "Eleventh Five Year Plan" textbook introction to distributed computing system (490 pages, published by Tsinghua University Press in 2014).

3. Yes, starting from the basic training, Xiao can learn it, regardless of ecation background. As long as you are willing to work hard, you will be able to learn it.

4. Many projects belong to the new infrastructure category. Just take the procts and solutions launched by lierda group as an example: (information communication, 5g and other infrastructure network construction) lierda lorawan solution has low power consumption, strong anti-interference, low cost and high capacity; Lilda NB IOT solution has wide signal coverage, strong penetration ability, ultra-low power consumption, ultra-high sensitivity, strong anti-interference and low cost Smart city, municipal pipe network) has a mature underground parking energy-saving lighting system to rece lighting costs, system rability and reliability, save maintenance costs, improve management efficiency Artificial intelligence) Intelligent Hotel solutions meet the personalized needs of customers and make the hotel management service more efficient and orderly

5. Capacity expansion is a means that when a container or load is not enough to support or carry the demand of existing things, we can expand the capacity of the container or load to meet the growing demand, so as to relieve the pressure on the current container or load
at the beginning of the birth of bitcoin, Ben Cong, the founder of bitcoin, did not deliberately limit the block size. The maximum block size was 32MB, and the average block size was 1-2kb at that time
at that time, there are few bitcoin users and the transaction volume is not so large, which will not cause block congestion. However, since 2013, with the price of bitcoin rising sharply, there are more and more users, resulting in network congestion of bitcoin and rising transaction costs of users
up to now, there is a backlog of hundreds of thousands of transactions on the bitcoin blockchain. The average transaction cost of bitcoin is 376 times higher than that in September 2010. The processing speed of seven transactions per second has obviously been unable to meet the needs of users. The bitcoin community has begun to explore how to "expand the capacity" of bitcoin
by modifying the underlying code of bitcoin, the transaction processing capacity can be improved
there are two development and design schemes for bitcoin expansion, namely, the first layer and the second layer expansion technology
· the first layer of capacity expansion technology is to improve the blockchain itself, to make the blockchain itself faster and larger. Generally speaking, it is to change the content of the consensus part of the blockchain
· the purpose of the second layer expansion technology is to move the computing to the lower chain, that is, to solve the problem through the side chain technology
expansion protocol and outcome
expansion protocol generally needs the support of miners, which can be roughly divided into modifying block size, soft fork, hard fork, isolation witness and so on
take bitcoin as an example:
bitcoin is now divided into big block bitcoin cash (BCH) and isolation witness. Isolated witness is now recognized as bitcoin in the market, while big block coin is named bitcash. It can be predicted that in the future, bitcoin will focus on off chain trading. Including lightning network and side chain. These two new things are not mature at present, but they are highly expected by many people
bitcoin will develop a large number of isolated witness transactions and make more derivative technologies on the basis of isolated witness. Most likely, bitcoin will be pushed forward by technology
bitcash will focus on the development of monetary function, rece transaction friction as the main way, and gain more extensive users on the chain as the main development direction
the Xueshuo innovation blockchain Technology Workstation of Lianqiao ecation online is the only approved "blockchain Technology Specialty" pilot workstation of "smart learning workshop 2020 Xueshuo innovation workstation" launched by the school planning, construction and development center of the Ministry of ecation of China. Based on providing diversified growth paths for students, the professional station promotes the reform of the training mode of the combination of professional degree research, proction, learning and research, and constructs the applied and compound talent training system.

6.

bus line: Metro Line 1

1, take Metro Line 1 to qingmingqiao station

2, walk about 330 meters to Shijin center

Exit 5, go out

2

7. According to the idea of "top-level design, economic incentive, technology application and instry empowerment", the chain reform is more likely to be completed successfully
1. Top level design. Because the chain reform is to transform the business process and the governance structure of social organizations, it has far-reaching influence and great significance. Therefore, it is necessary to have a very high level of top-level design as a guide, rather than step by step, feeling the stones to cross the river. The object, premise and goal of each chain reform project are different, and it is impossible to
2. Economic incentives. Economic chain reform is an emerging trend in the near future, which means to use the certificate as the carrier to adjust the long-term and short-term interests of investors, entrepreneurs and customers across time and space, so that they can form a joint force and strive for a common goal
3. Technical applicability. Chain reform is the inevitable result of the development of blockchain. However, the blockchain follows the system architecture of bitcoin, and it is not designed for the chain reform. Therefore, it is necessary to transform the existing technical structure of the blockchain. By deconstructing the technical structure of the blockchain, and combining with other necessary technologies, we can restructure the technology according to the needs of the chain reform, so as to adapt to the internal logic of different types of chain reform objectives in different instries and instries
4. Instry empowerment. Chain reform must go deep into the instrial process and instrial links, and implement the ultimate goal of empowering the instry. Through a profound analysis of the instrial process and instrial links in the data possession and data flow. The most ideal way of chain reform is not to optimize the business process from the authority of data possession, but to reconstruct the data organization and data storage mode from the perspective of business process optimization. Only when the ultimate goal of the chain reform is locked in the instry, can it proce more value for the whole society
the Xueshuo innovation blockchain Technology Workstation of Lianqiao ecation online is the only approved "blockchain Technology Specialty" pilot workstation of "smart learning workshop 2020 Xueshuo innovation workstation" launched by the school planning, construction and development center of the Ministry of ecation of China. Based on providing diversified growth paths for students, the professional station promotes the reform of the training mode of the combination of professional degree research, proction, learning and research, and constructs the applied and compound talent training system.

8. The current mainstream blockchain architecture includes six layers: network layer, data layer, consensus layer, incentive layer, contract layer and application layer. The positions of data layer and network layer are exchanged in the figure, and the main uses will be described in the next section
network layer: blockchain network is essentially a P2P (peer-to-peer) network. The resources and services in the network are distributed on all nodes, and the information transmission and service implementation are directly carried out between nodes, without the intervention of intermediate links and servers. Each node not only receives information, but also generates information. Nodes synchronize information by maintaining a common blockchain. When a node creates a new block, it notifies other nodes in the form of broadcast. After receiving the information, other nodes verify the block and create a new block on the basis of the block, So as to achieve the role of the whole network to jointly maintain a bottom ledger. Therefore, the network layer will involve the design of P2P network, propagation mechanism and verification mechanism. Obviously, these designs can affect the confirmation speed of block information. The network layer can be used as a research direction in the scalable scheme of blockchain technology
data layer: the underlying data of blockchain is a data structure of block + linked list, which includes data block, chain structure, timestamp, hash function, Merkle tree, asymmetric encryption, etc. Among them, data block and chain structure can be used as the improvement direction of data layer research in the extensible scheme of blockchain technology
consensus layer: it is the basis for highly dispersed nodes to reach a fast consensus on the effectiveness of block data. The main consensus mechanisms include pow (proof of work), POS (proof of stake), dpos (delegated proof of stake) and pbft (Practical Byzantine fault tolerance), They have always been the highlight of the scalable solution of blockchain technology
incentive layer: it is a common mining mechanism, which is used to design certain economic incentive model and encourage nodes to participate in the security verification of blockchain, including the design of issuance mechanism and allocation mechanism. Improvements at this level do not seem to be directly related to blockchain scalability
Contract layer: mainly refers to various script codes, algorithm mechanisms and smart contracts. Strictly speaking, this layer of the first generation blockchain is missing, so they can only trade, and can not be used in other fields or other logical processing. The emergence of the contract layer makes it a reality to use blockchain in other fields. This part of Ethereum includes EVM (Ethereum virtual machine) and smart contract. The improvement of this level seems to provide a potential new direction for the scalability of the blockchain, but it does not seem to be directly related to the application layer in terms of structure
it is the display layer of the blockchain, including various application scenarios and cases. For example, Ethereum uses truffle and Web3 JS. The application layer of blockchain can be mobile terminal, Web terminal, or integrated into the existing server, taking the current business server as the application layer. The improvement of this level also seems to provide a potential new direction for the expansion of blockchain, but structurally, it doesn't seem to be directly related
the Xueshuo innovation blockchain Technology Workstation of Lianqiao ecation online is the only approved "blockchain Technology Specialty" pilot workstation of "smart learning workshop 2020 Xueshuo innovation workstation" launched by the school planning, construction and development center of the Ministry of ecation of China. Based on providing diversified growth paths for students, the professional station promotes the reform of the training mode of the combination of professional degree research, proction, learning and research, and constructs the applied and compound talent training system.

9.

Main chain: an independent blockchain network officially launched. It can be said that the entity of blockchain storing data is generally considered to be the main chain network itself. For example, BTC main network, ETH main network and EOS main network are main chains

side chain: first of all, the essence of side chain protocol is a cross block chain solution. In short, through this scheme, data information can be transferred between two blockchains. The original proposal of side chain is based on the transfer of bitcoin and other digital assets among multiple blockchains

generally speaking, the side chain is like a channel, connecting different blockchains together to realize the expansion of blockchain. The side chain is completely independent of the main chain, but the two books can "operate with each other" to achieve interaction

side chain protocol - side chain protocol refers to (take bitcoin as an example): it can safely transfer bitcoin from the main bitcoin chain to other blockchains, and also can safely return to the main bitcoin chain from other blockchains. The same is true here for bitcoin to Ethernet or other blockchains. Then, why do we need side chain, or what are the advantages of side chain

the function that the main chain lacks is provided by the side chain

for example, bitcoin network does not have the function of smart contract, but it can achieve this function through the side chain

if the operation efficiency of the main chain is low, some functions of the main chain can be transferred to the side chain

for example, the transfer speed of the main chain is very slow, and there is no way to meet the daily payment needs. We can develop the lightning network as the side chain to meet the daily payment needs. Also because of low performance, Ethereum can not support large commercial DAPP (decentralized application), which can be realized through side chain development

if we put aside the technical rigor, we can use another simpler way to understand the side chain. All the networks that provide support or services for the original primary network can be called side chain, regardless of whether the side chain adopts blockchain technology. For example, the

third party payment network (Alipay / WeChat) can imagine the banking network as the main chain while the third party payment is a side chain.

for cryptocurrency trading, the free network such as bitcoin and other virtual currencies can be regarded as the main chain, and the exchange can be regarded as a side chain

RSK and loom are separately developed side chains for bitcoin and Ethereum main chain

in the first application, both the main chain and the side chain are centralized

in the second application, the main chain is decentralized and the side chain is centralized

in the third application, the main chain is decentralized and the side chain is also decentralized. With the deepening of blockchain technology, we can see the value exchange activities of human beings, It will graally transition from the first application to the third application

the Xueshuo innovation blockchain Technology Workstation of Lianqiao ecation online is the only approved "blockchain Technology Specialty" pilot workstation of "smart learning workshop 2020 Xueshuo innovation workstation" launched by the school planning, construction and development center of the Ministry of ecation of China. Based on providing diversified growth paths for students, the professional station promotes the reform of the training mode of the combination of professional degree research, proction, learning and research, and constructs the applied and compound talent training system