Blockchain blacklist

1. How to explain the concept of blockchain? The understanding of people in each instry is different, and the relevant explanations are graally emerging because of more and more practical applications. With the popularity of this blockchain technology, the relevant achievements are also growing. If we want to understand this kind of technology, we must have a deep understanding from the reality

in the past six months, the concept of blockchain has graally become hot in China, and the financial circle has been blowing waves of blockchain whirlwind. With its unique technical advantages, blockchain has attracted more and more attention and favor from people in the instry. With the characteristics of decentralization (or multi centralization), high transparency, impossibility of tampering and no single point of failure, blockchain technology is coming into the vision of financial institutions and enterprises. At least it has been applied from theoretical discussion to practical application in many fields, such as digital currency, payment and exchange, registration and settlement, digital assets, traceability and anti-counterfeiting, supply chain, Internet of things, etc

"blockchain" was first released in early 2009 as "bitcoin". Blockchain has become the basic protocol and technical application for the launch, recording and circulation of bitcoin. Although bitcoin has been controversial since it came into being, and it can not even be regarded as "currency" by the government and monetary authorities, the blockchain technology applied by bitcoin has been widely concerned by the government and monetary authorities

why has blockchain become a hot technology and topic

perhaps the most important of these is that bitcoin, which is based on blockchain technology, has opened a new technology and rule system exploration and attempt, which has little connection with traditional society (offline) and is completely applied to the online world (online), such as Internet users' identity verification, wealth confirmation, transaction records, notarization verification, etc, This provides people with an alternative path and unlimited reverie to adapt to the development of the Internet society
from the perspective of its application in bitcoin, blockchain intuitively means a new set of network block (block, also known as community) establishment, bitcoin configuration, netizen identity verification, and bitcoin (value) confirmation and transaction records formed by mining by combining encryption technology with Internet technology, As well as the extended encryption of bitcoin cross block flow (value transfer) (including factors such as block and transaction time identification) registration and verification, the internet protocol rules and ledger system including block chain, whole process encryption and mutual authentication. Because bitcoin is not a substitute for offline fiat money, but a new and decentralized network currency (virtual currency) issued and managed by the illegal monetary authority, which mainly imitates the mode of gold and is completely protected and supported by the Internet basic protocol and strict encryption technology, it has also formed a set of virtual currency which is different from It is also not subject to the new monetary rules and systems of social laws, and can be traded or exchanged with legal tender. Bitcoin has been more than eight years since it was launched, and there has been no record of funds or user information stolen. Its security has been verified, and its efficiency and cost of capital clearing also have obvious advantages. This makes people have more confidence in the blockchain technology applied by bitcoin, and it is also more and more clear that although blockchain is a technology and protocol initiated and applied by bitcoin, blockchain is not the same as bitcoin, and its application will never be limited to bitcoin. The application of blockchain can be decentralized or centralized; It can be public chain mode or private chain mode. Therefore, after bitcoin, blockchain technology is constantly developing and innovating, and constantly exploring new application fields, especially in the financial field

the reason why more and more people attach great importance to blockchain is that with the development and wide application of the Internet, more and more economic exchanges and trading activities have been transferred to the Internet, and the network world (or online society) is rapidly expanding, enriching and active, while online transactions must solve the problems of identity verification, value verification, transaction records, etc The efficiency and security protection of inspection and verification need strict intermediary and agreement (rules or constitution). In this regard, the traditional thinking and practice is to conform to the development track of the transfer from offline trading to online trading, and push the common rules and practices of the real (offline) society to the online (Network) society, but it is increasingly difficult to adapt to the needs of online trading in practice
for example, the natural choice of the party's identity verification is to add the account or transaction password, as well as biometrics such as Facebook, iris, fingerprint, etc., based on the information of the identity documents protected by the laws of various countries, to carry out the identity verification of online transactions. But this method, first of all, makes the citizenship information of the cross-border interconnected network world subject to the real social administrative jurisdiction, At the same time, non digital, multi identity information collection and verification will greatly increase the cost and rece the efficiency
moreover, in real society, all kinds of economic activities involving capital liquidation, except direct cash transactions, require the parties to open accounts in banks and other institutions first, and carry out capital liquidation through the account opening institutions. However, for various reasons, even in a country, it is impossible to require all citizens to open accounts in an account opening institution (including its branches), It is even more impossible to do this between multinational companies, which makes the transactions of the parties who open accounts in different institutions must be completed through the clearing between their account opening institutions. It will seriously affect the efficiency and cost of transaction confirmation and capital clearing if this mode is implemented in the network world

in addition, in real society, the valuation and liquidation of trading activities must involve money, which is legal tender protected by national or regional sovereignty. In the case of cross-border Internet Interconnection and cross-border development of Internet transactions, transaction pricing and capital clearing also involve currency issues. The operation of multiple currencies will greatly increase the cost and risk of clearing. Therefore, the development of network world and network transaction needs the innovation of identity verification, value verification, currency valuation, transaction confirmation and record, account management and verification. Bitcoin and blockchain technology provide very important enlightenment and practice

of course, blockchain is still a new concept and technology, which needs further verification and improvement; The application of bitcoin is also an extreme example: the initial bitcoin can not be directly converted from legal tender, but can only be obtained through "mining" in the network world. Therefore, bitcoin can completely set aside the offline social rules, form a new set of game rules by using blockchain technology, and extend from online to offline. In real society, whether online or offline transactions, the main body is people (including legal persons). The management of their wealth or value should not be completely divided into two worlds, but must be connected and integrated. Therefore, o2o is necessary. This requires the application of blockchain not only to study and solve the problems of the network world, but also to study and solve the connection and integration between the network world and the real society. This will bring more challenges and risks, and also require more people, more strength, more in-depth discussion and innovation. It is also possible that blockchain technology will be replaced by more advanced and perfect technology in the future, but the historical value of blockchain will be indelible

the development of blockchain technology in China

Bubi blockchain is a commercial blockchain. Bubi covers seven areas: exchange, points (multiple points, gege points), insurance (sunshine insurance will launch accident insurance on our blockchain in a month, which can greatly rece channel costs), equity crowdfunding (gold stock chain, etc.), supply chain finance (Qian Xiang, etc.), supply chain (cooperation with the material chain, etc.), jewelry anti-counterfeiting, etc. Some funds cooperating with Bubby have committed 150 million investment funds. Bubby plays the role of "LP" in the fund, helping the fund identify and invest in companies related to blockchain. At present, the average amount of angel investment obtained through Bubi blockchain is about 3 million, with an average valuation of more than 40 million

blockchain can drive the birth of a new business model

the characteristics of blockchain technology enable it to achieve some business models that are difficult to achieve in the centralized mode. For example, in the Internet of things instry, some organizations have proposed to use blockchain technology to manage the identity, payment and maintenance tasks of tens of billions of Internet of things devices. Using blockchain technology, IOT equipment manufacturers can greatly extend the life cycle of procts and rece the cost of IOT maintenance

blockchain technology has a flexible architecture

according to different application scenarios and user needs, blockchain technology can be divided into public chain, private chain and alliance chain, which can be selected according to the actual use of institutions<

blockchain technology is a useful tool to realize sharing finance

the essence of sharing finance is to realize the optimal allocation of financial resources by recing the asymmetry of financial information, and to ensure the implementation of the rights and interests of both parties in the transaction and facilitate the transaction through strict third-party authentication and supervision mechanism. Through the use of blockchain technology, financial information and financial value can be more strictly protected, and more efficient and lower cost flow can be realized, so as to realize the sharing of value and information

"from the perspective of historical development trend, money has always evolved with the development of technological progress and economic activities. From the early physical money, commodity money to the later credit money, it is a natural choice to adapt to the development of human commercial society. As the currency of the previous generation, paper money has low technology content. From the perspective of safety and cost, it is the general trend to be replaced by new technology and new procts. It will take at least 10 years for China to implement digital currency, so digital currency and cash will be in parallel and graally replaced for quite a long time. "“ For digital currency, blockchain technology is an optional technology, which is characterized by distributed bookkeeping, non account based and non tampering. If digital currency focuses on the protection of personal privacy, blockchain technology can be selected. The people's Bank of China has deployed an important force to study and discuss blockchain application technology. However, so far, blockchain still occupies too many resources, whether it is computing resources or storage resources, which can not cope with the current transaction scale. Whether it can be solved in the future depends on the situation. "

the development of Internet is in the ascendant and irreversible. The development of the network world and its connection and integration with the real society are also the general trend, and the corresponding rules and technology are of great significance. China has been in the forefront of the world in Internet application, and should actively explore and contribute to new rule making and technology application, and strive to lead the new development of the Internet world

what is the concept of blockchain? People will realize that blockchain technology plays a more and more important role in reality, and is supported by many organizations, so that the popularization of blockchain in reality has entered a new application stage.

2.

1. Litcoin (LTC) is an improved version of digital currency inspired by bitcoin (BTC). It was designed and implemented by a programmer who worked in Google. It was released on November 9, 2011. Lightcoin and bitcoin have the same implementation principle in technology, but the creation and transfer of lightcoin is based on an open source encryption protocol, which is not managed by any central organization

2. Sunshine coin (SSC for short) is sponsored by Liu Chunyang, vice president of Jinhua express delivery Association of Zhejiang Province, instrial entrepreneur and philanthropist of express delivery instry. As a legal person, Zhejiang Dongyang Yueyin Technology Co., Ltd. is registered with the formal instry and Commerce Bureau, with a registered capital of 10 million yuan. With this as the backing and support, the sunshine elite team affiliated to the company launched the first virtual coin sunshine coin

The English name of Vicat is onecoin, which is a kind of Internet virtual currency term created by the government and is suspected of pyramid selling fraud

in 2017, CCTV announced the list of 350 fund pyramid schemes, with Vicat in the list

in May 2018, Zhuzhou County Procuratorate of Hunan Province prosecuted the last four suspects involved in the third batch of the "3.15" Vicat money online pyramid scheme case supervised by the Ministry of public security to the court

4. Amazon coin

Amazon announced in early February 2013 that it is expected to launch Amazon coins in the United States in May 2013. Amazon coins is a new virtual currency that allows U.S. users to buy apps, games and props in the kindle fire. Amazon will provide tens of millions of US dollars of Amazon coins at that time to let users try and consume the apps, games and props in the app on the kindle fire for free

5. Eth is a kind of digital token of Ethereum, which is regarded as "bitcoin version 2.0". It adopts the blockchain technology "Ethereum", which is different from bitcoin. It is an open-source public blockchain platform with intelligent contract results, and a resonance network composed of thousands of computers around the world. Developers need to pay eth to support the application. Like other digital currencies, ether currency can be bought and sold on the trading platform

3.

The most significant applications are

1. Think about using blockchain in enterprise applications to provide more flexible, safe and efficient business processes and distributed, independent markets. Blockchain allows asset owners to track and trade valuable things, such as outstanding invoices, on a transaction "chain" that is more secure, transparent, private and self-coordinating. This capability improves the speed and flexibility of cash and asset management. For example, you are afraid to buy fake things, because a manufacturer transfers proction to several middlemen, and then you buy through middlemen, not manufacturers. If all the data is distributed, point-to-point and transparent, you can buy and pay directly from the manufacturer

The automation market of other assets will be diversified. In essence, because the software itself is controlled and open architecture, and visible to all transaction participants, the transaction based on blockchain can rece the demand for third-party supervision. If the enterprise can publish the value information to multiple potential buyers, and for all buyers, the content can be trusted and visible, and the seller can't sell again, then an open and transparent competitive environment will be formed when purchasing, and the seller can get better prices

3. Rece business transaction friction. Managing spending is a challenge for most organizations. However, blockchain enables enterprises to create self-management networks for suppliers and partners, realize contract automation, real-time payment, tracking of goods transportation, and visibility of the whole supply chain. For example, if a company uses refrigerated containers to transport perishable goods, when the container temperature exceeds a certain threshold, the IOT sensor on the truck may call the smart contract on the blockchain. This will cause the corresponding order to be cancelled, and it will also be able to automatically create a new order, so that a second batch of goods can be sent immediately. Trucks with faulty refrigeration equipment can also go to the repair Office for repair

This kind of network can rece transaction errors and information omission by recing or eliminating human-computer interaction. Moreover, by connecting buyers and sellers directly, transactions can become faster. Manage and secure decentralized private records. Its traditional instry practice is to rely on a third party, using firewalls and restricted access to protect their shared information database. And frequent data leakage events show that this approach is not very ideal. A fundamental advantage of blockchain is that each indivial data record or element is encrypted by the key of a blockchain member. Cybercrime may need to obtain each key of each member in order to access all the blockchain data. This is not to say that blockchain can guarantee 100% security of all data, which helps to rece the possibility of exposure of a large number of private records

5. A reasonable application is the record of employees or students. Employers, ecational institutions and even instry certification bodies can add new qualifications, grades or work places when necessary. Imagine giving employees a key to access all their employee records as part of a secure blockchain containing human resources. Indivials can safely share their university transcripts or employment history with other companies or ecational institutions without relying on unreliable and easily falsified faxes. Trace the origin of procts and raw materials. Blockchain can help ensure proct quality and safety by simplifying the tracking and positioning of procts and raw materials in use. For example, if an automobile manufacturer forms a quality centered blockchain including parts suppliers, parts assemblers, quality control suppliers and public management organizations (such as the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration). Then the recall process of defective parts will be faster. It makes sense to think that thousands of people die every year because of defective car parts

6. Verify identity, verify published information and data. Create a better user control mechanism. Nowadays, user information is easy to be manipulated, distributed to third parties, or even sold, so as to create revenue streams for owners of social media platforms, which will never be shared with users of information. Blockchain can disrupt all of these activities. It allows users to control their own information and its exact location. No platform can be accessed without permission. Users can decide who can access their information. They can deal directly with advertisers and third parties according to their choice, rather than like others. Moreover, users can choose to share their information with advertisers on any platform for a fee

to sum up, blockchain is a kind of chained data structure that combines data blocks in chronological order in a sequential way, and it can not be tampered with and forged by cryptography. In a broad sense, blockchain technology uses blockchain data structure to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithm to generate and update data, and uses cryptography to ensure the security of data transmission and access A new distributed infrastructure and computing method (reference network) for programming and operating data by using intelligent contract composed of automated script code

Application in finance

three major applications of blockchain technology

1. Application of blockchain technology in asset securitization field

< / OL >

in recent years, The domestic asset securitization (ABS) instry is developing rapidly. At the same time, the problems of asset cash flow management need to be improved, the transparency and efficiency of underlying asset supervision need to be improved, the efficiency of asset transaction settlement is low, and the cost of credit enhancement is high are graally exposed. In order to apply blockchain technology in ABS field, participants need to build ABS blockchain alliance, which is composed of asset side, pre ABS investor, SPV (trust), escrow bank, manager, intermediary, ABS investor and exchange. Its core business includes fund transaction reconciliation, transaction file management, data interaction interface, information release and sharing, underlying asset management, intelligent ABS workflow and so on. Blockchain application can at least empower ABS instry in the following five aspects

To improve the cash flow management of ABS< Second, it is concive to penetrating supervision
thirdly, it can improve the settlement efficiency of financial assets< (4) the efficiency and transparency of securities trading will be greatly enhanced
fifthly, it can rece the transfer cost of credit enhancement

2. Application of blockchain technology in insurance instry. However, with the tightening of regulatory policies on medium and short-term survival procts, the business scale of universal insurance has declined significantly. In the aspect of insurance proct design, blockchain is concive to promoting the breakthrough and rapid development of customized insurance categories, such as agricultural insurance and proct quality insurance

quality insurance can endorse the reputation of enterprises and protect the rights and interests of consumers. However, insurance companies need to make a comprehensive evaluation of enterprises and procts to underwrite quality insurance, but these data are often difficult to collect truly and effectively, which restricts the development of quality insurance. The establishment of proct traceability and anti-counterfeiting application platform based on the underlying technology of blockchain can help insurance companies easily trace the information of proct proction, processing, sales, purchase, complaints and other links through the platform, so as to effectively judge the incidence of quality defects of related procts, formulate insurance procts, and promote consumption upgrading and instrial upgrading


in insurance sales, the application of blockchain technology can simplify the sales process, save the sales cost and realize the traceability of insurance sales. From the perspective of insurance companies, when willing policyholders purchase insurance policies through channels, channel providers uniformly send policyholders' information to the blockchain platform. The platform judges whether willing policyholders are in the white list according to the distributed storage information. If they meet the standards, they will accept the purchase request, which saves the tedious process of manual transmission, acceptance, review and feedback. From the perspective of consumers, blockchain technology can realize the traceability of insurance sales behavior and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of consumers. The insurance sales market has been in chaos, and the phenomenon of false publicity of insurance procts through deception, concealment or incement has been repeatedly prohibited. Blockchain technology can link the key actions of each link of insurance sales, and realize the traceability of the whole process of sales actions, so as to standardize the insurance sales behavior and promote the sustained, healthy and stable development of the instry

in the insurance claim process, the application of blockchain technology can improve the claim efficiency and customer experience. Claim and loss handling process is an important process in insurance market. The complex claim process increases the cost, reces the claim efficiency and affects the customer experience. Smart contract technology can simplify the claim submission process, rece the need for manual review and shorten the processing cycle. At the same time, it is easier to identify suspicious behaviors through the historical claims and asset source records in the distributed ledger
in the field of insurance anti fraud, the application of blockchain technology can effectively prevent the occurrence of insurance fraud. Insurance fraud not only erodes the profits of insurance companies, but also damages the legitimate rights and interests of other insurance consumers. Although every insurance company has made a lot of efforts in anti fraud, the reality is still grim. Blockchain technology can at least help the insurance instry alleviate or even resolve this stubborn disease in the following two aspects. First, establish anti fraud sharing platform to rece fraud and strengthen evaluation through historical claim information; The second is to establish "unique and identifiable identity information" by using reliable data sources and coded business rules, so as to prevent false use of identity

3. The application of blockchain technology in the field of asset custody
in recent years, the global asset custody instry has entered the fast lane of rapid development, and the scale of Custody Assets and main custody procts have maintained rapid growth., However, there is still a certain gap between this scale and the international advanced peers, and there is still a large space for the development of China's asset custody instry

the application of intelligent contract technology in blockchain can effectively solve the operational risk in asset custody business. We can optimize the business process of asset custody from the following aspects: first, we realize the automation of the whole process, encapsulate the business instruction judgment and execution rules into the smart contract, use the smart contract execution and provide risk tips; The second is to improve the process efficiency, the real-time sharing of asset change, transaction details and other information among the asset consignor, manager, trustee and agent, eliminating the process of repeated verification and right confirmation; The third is to ensure the security of the performance and the authenticity of the transaction. By setting the key, the formal information of the participants, the limited visibility of the account information and the verifiability of the transaction are guaranteed; The fourth is to ensure that the information can not be tampered with, and put the compliance verification requirements of the investment plan on the blockchain to ensure that each transaction is completed on the basis of consensus


at present, bitcoin is the most closely related to blockchain. If you want to learn more about bitcoin blockchain, you can follow some new media. For example, Sohu, Baijia, mustard circle and so on. Foreign websites, such as CCN, coindesk, etc., all have huge applications

4. No
although the currency circle is in a bear market, blockchain is not useless without cryptocurrency
the blockchain instry has developed rapidly in recent years, and more and more blockchain technologies appear in front of people. More and more blockchain applications are landing, blockchain e-invoice, blockchain traceability, blockchain finance and so on. Talents in the blockchain instry are also very scarce. Many colleges and universities in China have set up blockchain courses to provide talents for the blockchain instry
the development of a new technology will inevitably encounter setbacks, and the blockchain instry will grow stronger in the future.

5.

financial field

blockchain has great potential application value in international exchange, letter of credit, equity registration, stock exchange and other financial fields. The application of blockchain technology in the financial instry can save the third-party intermediary link and realize the point-to-point direct docking, so as to greatly rece the cost and quickly complete the transaction payment

in the field of Internet of things and logistics, blockchain can also be naturally combined in the field of Internet of things and logistics. Through blockchain, we can rece logistics costs, trace the proction and delivery process of goods, and improve the efficiency of supply chain management. This field is considered as a promising application direction of blockchain

in the field of public service

blockchain is closely related to people's proction and life in the fields of public management, energy, transportation, etc., but the centralization of these fields also brings some problems, which can be transformed by blockchain. The decentralized and fully distributed DNS service provided by the blockchain can realize domain name query and resolution through the point-to-point data transmission service between nodes in the network. It can be used to ensure that the operating system and firmware of an important infrastructure have not been tampered with. It can monitor the status and integrity of the software and detect bad tampering, And ensure that the data transmitted by the system using the Internet of things technology has not been tampered with

in the field of digital right

through blockchain technology, works can be authenticated to prove the existence of text, video, audio and other works and ensure the authenticity and uniqueness of ownership. After the works are confirmed on the blockchain, the subsequent transactions will be recorded in real time to realize the full life cycle management of digital rights, and can also be used as a technical guarantee in judicial evidence collection

in the field of insurance

in terms of insurance claims, insurance institutions are responsible for fund collection, investment and claims settlement, and often have higher management and operation costs. Through the application of smart contract, there is no need for the applicant to apply or the insurance company to approve. As long as the claim conditions are triggered, the automatic claim settlement of the policy can be realized

public welfare

the data stored on the blockchain is highly reliable and tamperable, which is naturally suitable for social public welfare scenarios. The relevant information in the public welfare process, such as donation project, collection details, fund flow, recipient feedback, etc., can be stored on the blockchain, and can be made transparent and public, which is convenient for social supervision