Block chain letter of credit of China CITIC Bank
As a traditional financial institution, banks are the most active Pathfinder in the field of blockchain. In recent years, many banks at home and abroad have applied blockchain technology to credit, clearing and other fields. The unique trust mechanism of blockchain is regarded by banks as a key technological breakthrough in innovating risk management and simplifying transaction process. However, as an emerging technology, blockchain ecology is still in the process of establishment, and its application is very limited. Many problems still need to be solved graally in the development
"at present, blockchain can't run high-frequency and concurrent transactions, and network speed and computing power can't support it. For example, in the field of payment, if it is online shopping, it can be realized; If it's high-frequency futures trading, it can't be done. " Huang Zhen said
JIANG Peng said that at the beginning of designing the blockchain system, China CITIC Bank carefully demonstrated the business links suitable for the use of blockchain
"from the global experience, it is not suitable to use blockchain to build a large and complex system. Instead of trying to solve all problems with blockchain, we should focus on solving the core problems. It's time-consuming to build a too complex system. The technology is developing so fast that before the old system is finished, it will face the iteration of new technology. " Jiang Peng said
the idea of "only solving core problems" ensures that after the blockchain goes online, the relevant business operations of branches of China CITIC Bank can be upgraded without process transformation
Fan Bin said frankly that it will take time for banks to fully apply the blockchain, and IBM's investment in the blockchain open source community will continue, on the one hand to cultivate the market, on the other hand to compete for the commanding height of the blockchain platform. With the rapid iteration of blockchain technology itself, there is still a lot of imagination for financial institutions to use this new technologythe content comes from Xinhuanet
Blockchain instry presents rapid development, helping the real economy to rece costs and improve efficiency
at present, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and instrial change sweeping the world, big data, cloud computing, Internet of things, artificial intelligence, blockchain and other new technologies continue to emerge, and the digital economy is profoundly changing the way of human proction and life, becoming a new driving force of economic growth. As a disruptive technology, blockchain is leading a new round of technological and instrial changes in the world, and is expected to become
the "source" of global technological innovation and mode innovation, and promote the change from "information internet" to "value Internet"
in China's 13th five year plan for national informatization, blockchain is regarded as a key cutting-edge technology, and it is clearly proposed to strengthen the innovation, experiment and application of new technologies such as blockchain,
in order to seize the leading power of the new generation of information technology. At present, China's blockchain technology continues to innovate, and the blockchain instry has initially taken shape. It has begun to be rapidly applied in supply chain finance, credit reference, proct traceability, right trading, digital identity, electronic evidence and other fields. It is expected to promote China's economic system to achieve technological change, organizational change and efficiency change, and make an important contribution to the construction of a modern economic system
as of June 2018, China's blockchain related business has initially formed a scale under the promotion of the government, enterprises and capital, and is in the forefront of the world in terms of the number of patents, financing environment, policy support and application landing
the instry is developing rapidly, and the number of enterprises is increasing rapidly.
according to the statistical data of in depth analysis report on business model innovation and investment opportunities of blockchain instry published by prospective instry research institute, there were 406 patent applications related to blockchain in the world in 2017, of which 225 were from China. As of the end of March 2018, the number of blockchain based companies in China has reached 456. The blockchain instry has initially formed a scale. From the upstream hardware manufacturing, platform services, security services to the downstream instrial technology application services, instry investment, media publicity, talent services and other instrial chain links are basically complete
from the change of the number of newly established companies in China's blockchain instry, the number of Companies in this field began to increase in 2014, and the number of newly established companies increased significantly in 2016, more than 100, more than three times of 2015. 2017 is the peak period of blockchain entrepreneurship in recent years. Due to the rapid popularization of blockchain concept and the graal maturity of technology, many entrepreneurs swarmed into this field, and the number of newly established companies reached 178
from equipment manufacturing to instrial application, the context of the blockchain instry chain is graally clear.
from the distribution of newly established companies in the blockchain instry segmentation field, as of the end of March 2018, the number of instrial application companies in the blockchain field is the largest, including 86 companies providing application services for the financial instry and 109 companies providing application services for the real economy. In addition, there are more than 40 related companies in blockchain solutions, underlying platforms, blockchain media and communities
from the perspective of the distribution of investment events in the blockchain instry segments, companies related to instrial application services have the largest number of investment events, with a total of 113. It can be seen that investors are paying more and more attention to projects with specific application scenarios that can be actually implemented. The number of events in the field of underlying platform is 42, and the number of events in the field of blockchain media and community is 28. The field of blockchain is attracting more and more entrepreneurs and capital, becoming a new highland for innovation and entrepreneurship. With the development of blockchain technology and the acceleration of application, the instrial scale will continue to increase, and this field is expected to become a new economic growth point in the future
the influx of Internet giants has rapidly promoted the development of China's blockchain instry
blockchain technology is not only favored by start-ups, but also widely concerned by internet giants. Internet giants have expanded their blockchain business and rapidly promoted the development of China's
blockchain instry. At present, Tencent, Alibaba, Internet, Jingdong and other Internet instry giants have joined in the research and scenario application of blockchain technology
the regional distribution is relatively concentrated, and the instrial agglomeration effect is obvious.
from the perspective of the regional distribution of China's blockchain companies, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong and Zhejiang are still the concentration places of blockchain entrepreneurship, accounting for more than 80% of the total. Among them, Beijing is in the absolute leading position with 175 companies, accounting for 38%; Shanghai ranked second with 95 companies, accounting for 21%; Guangdong Province ranked third with 71 companies, accounting for 16%; Zhejiang Province ranked fourth with 36 companies, accounting for 8%. In addition, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Fujian, Hubei, Chongqing and Guizhou are among the top ten provinces in China's blockchain entrepreneurial activity
the application of blockchain is diversified, extending from finance to the field of entity
blockchain technology has the characteristics of distributed, tamper proof, high transparency and traceability, which is very suitable for the business needs of the whole financial system. Therefore, it has been applied in payment and clearing, credit financing, financial transactions, securities, insurance, leasing and other sub fields. For example, Minsheng Bank and China CITIC Bank jointly launched the first domestic L / C blockchain application, and Ping An of China's two major application scenarios of asset trading and credit reference have been online. China Merchants Bank has landed the first domestic blockchain cross-border payment application, and Weizhong bank has shortened the reconciliation time from t + 1 day to t + 0 day through the inter agency reconciliation platform based on blockchain, realizing daily quasi real-time reconciliation
with the graal maturity of blockchain technology innovation and development, the actual effect of instrial application has become more and more obvious
now, the application of blockchain has extended from the financial field to the physical field, including electronic information deposit, right management and trading, proct traceability, digital asset trading, Internet of things, intelligent manufacturing, supply chain management and other fields. Blockchain technology began to be deeply integrated with the real economy instry, forming a number of "instrial blockchain" projects, ushering in the era of "a hundred flowers bloom" of instrial blockchain
to realize "informatization of cooperation links" and help the real economy rece costs and improve efficiency, Specifically, we can promote the development of traditional instries from two aspects of "cost rection" and "efficiency improvement"
in addition to low cost and high efficiency, blockchain can also realize "trust transfer" or "trust spillover". Based on blockchain technology, since the information on the chain can not be tampered with, after the two parties jointly verify a transaction, the third party can also trust the information, In fact, this kind of trusted state can be transmitted to a third party, and then realize the capitalization of data. In addition, it is very easy for institutions to turn from the "black box" state to the "white box" state, that is, the operational mechanism of institutions is transparent, which makes it very easy to prove their innocence and greatly reces the cost of mutual trust between multi-agent
Further, blockchain will play the role of "improving the efficiency of instrial chain coordination". To improve the level of instrial collaboration is an important way to promote made in China to move towards the middle and high end, and also an important requirement for building a modern economic system. However, in many instries, the efficiency of instrial chain collaboration is still not high, especially in the field of international tradetechnology abuse leads to certain risks in instrial development, which can not be ignored
although the positive value of blockchain technology graally appears, there are still a series of risks that can not be ignored in the process of instrial development. On the one hand, it is compliance risk. In the early stage of the development of blockchain, because it has the property of transmitting value, it has attracted some behaviors that are not focused on technology application, but are keen on illegal fund-raising, pyramid selling and even fraud through ICO (initial token issue)
the instrial policy system has been graally constructed, and the instrial development environment has been continuously optimized. In December 2016, the notice of the State Council on printing and distributing the 13th five year plan for national informatization first mentioned blockchain, and took it together with quantum communication, artificial intelligence, virtual reality, big data cognitive analysis, driverless vehicles and other technologies as key cutting-edge technologies, clearly proposed the need to strengthen the innovation, testing and application of blockchain and other new technologies, In order to seize the leading power of the new generation of information technology. Secondly, relevant instry, national and international standards are also speeding up to solve the key technical standards of blockchain and promote the ecological development of blockchain instry. In order to grasp the development opportunity of blockchain instry and seize the commanding point of blockchain instry development, local governments timely issued blockchain technology and instrial development support policies, which ushered in a new outbreak of blockchain instry
at present, local governments are actively positioning blockchain technology from the perspective of instry and seizing the new opportunities brought by technology upgrading. For example, in March 2018, the Hebei provincial government issued the guiding opinions on accelerating instrial transformation and upgrading and building a modern instrial system, proposing to actively cultivate and develop future instries such as blockchain and build a world-class high-tech instrial cluster
According to the overall plan of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, preventing and defusing major risks is one of the priorities of China's economic work in the next three years, and the key to preventing and defusing major risks is to prevent and control financial risks. Therefore, China also actively strengthens instry supervision, prevents possible financial risks in the process of blockchain development, maintains the stability and security of national finance, and promotes the healthy development of blockchain instry, so as to better play the positive role of blockchain "value Internet"blockchain is a cutting-edge technology, and the new regulatory challenges caused by technology also require the continuous progress of regulatory technology. "Reg tech" (regulatory Technology) in the financial technology segment. It is to use new technologies such as big data, artificial intelligence and blockchain to solve regulatory compliance problems and rece compliance costs. Blockchain filing platform and blockchain based regulatory system all belong to the field of reg tech. There have been companies engaged in regulatory technology in China, which mainly provide regulatory technology solutions for the government, major banks and other financial regulatory agencies. Jinqiu technology, zhongxiangbit and other companies have launched a supervision system based on blockchain
On August 16, 2018, Shen rujun, executive director and vice president of Bank of communications, gave a briefing at the regular press conference of the banking instry“ As of July 26 this year, BOCOM has opened 20 domestic certificates of blockchain, with a total amount of 156 million yuan. "
It is understood that for a long time, domestic L / C transactions have to go through a number of banks and express service providers, such as the issuing bank, the advising bank, the paying bank and the negotiating bank. Each institution completes the records in its own accounting system. The information between institutions is isolated and opaque. There are many problems in document processing, such as difficulty in authenticity verification, low efficiency, easy delay, easy loss and so onin April 2018, BOCOM blockchain domestic L / C project was put into operation. As of July 26 this year, BOCOM has opened 20 domestic certificates of blockchain, with a total amount of 156 million yuan
SHEN rujun said that bocom continued to pay attention to blockchain technology, and analyzed and judged that the domestic L / C, bill and supply chain financial business will bear the brunt, becoming a breakthrough in the application of blockchain technology in the field of banking finance
in addition to L / C, the instry's first blockchain asset securitization platform "jucaichain" was officially launched in bocom on June 27. The basic asset information of the first housing mortgage loan securitization financing proct is linked by bocom, which realizes the credit penetration of the securitization financing business system
PC is the abbreviation of polycarbonate, polycarbonate in English is polycarbonate, PC engineering plastics for short
PC material itself is a kind of strong thermoplastic resin. PC material has strong impact resistance, good strength and toughness. Whether it is heavy pressure or ordinary wrestling, as long as you don't try to hit it with stones, it will have long life and high transparency, but its appearance is easy to scratch
like other resins, PC materials are easily affected by some organic solvents
extended data:
PC material is a kind of chemical compound, which is widely used in daily life, especially in instry. This kind of compound is safe and nontoxic, and has many functions. Its existence promotes the development of instry and has a very high position
PC material has good light transmittance, impact resistance, UV radiation resistance, dimensional stability and good processing performance, which makes it have obvious technical performance advantages over inorganic glass used in construction instry
with the rapid development of aviation and aerospace technology, the requirements of various components in aircraft and spacecraft are increasing, which makes the application of PC in this field increasing. According to statistics, there are 2500 polycarbonate parts used in a single Boeing aircraft
domestic letter of credit refers to the payment commitment issued by the issuing bank in accordance with the applicant's application and paid against the documents conforming to the terms of the letter of credit. Domestic letter of credit is an irrevocable and non transferable documentary letter of credit. Domestic L / C shall be handled in Chinese. Domestic L / C shall only be used for transfer settlement and shall not be used for cash withdrawal. Domestic L / C must be denominated in RMB< Domestic L / C is applicable to the settlement of commodity transactions between domestic enterprises, and the opening of domestic L / C must have real trade background
2. The domestic L / C and the purchase and sale contract are independent of each other, and banks are not bound by the purchase and sale contract when dealing with L / C business
the bank's commitment to pay, negotiate or perform other obligations under the letter of credit is not subject to the relationship between the applicant and the issuing bank, the applicant and the beneficiary
under no circumstances should the beneficiary take advantage of the contractual relationship between banks or between the applicant and the issuing bank
3. In domestic L / C settlement, the parties concerned only deal with the documents, not the goods and services related to the documents
4. The financing under the domestic L / C shall be handled in accordance with the relevant provisions of the administrative measures for trade financing and letter of guarantee credit
5. All kinds of documents, texts and agreements for handling domestic L / C business must use the format uniformly formulated by the head office
6. The business shall be handled according to the authority of the authorized signer stipulated by the financial institution Department of the head office, and the verification personnel shall check whether the seal is consistent, and whether the authority of the signer is within the specified authority
7. In principle, the charges under domestic L / C should be subject to the head office's unified standard, and each branch can float or rece the charges within the scope authorized by the head office according to the specific circumstances of customers and businesses
8. The accounting proceres and the use of accounting subjects of various businesses shall be handled in accordance with the relevant regulations of the finance and accounting department of the head office
9. The approval system of limited authorization and hierarchical management shall be strictly implemented in domestic L / C business. The International Settlement Department of the head office is responsible for the authorization of domestic branches to start domestic L / C business, and will regularly update the list of authorized institutions for domestic L / C business
10. When concting cross system domestic L / C business, all banks should strictly abide by the relevant approval system and filing system
11. The head office will conct regular and irregular spot checks on the implementation and development of the domestic L / C business system of each bank, and the inspection results will be included in the target responsibility assessment of the head office to the branch. The head office will inform the branch of any problems such as non-compliance, concealment, delay and omission< Detailed process of China CITIC Bank's domestic L / C business:
I. charging standard:
1. L / C opening fee: 0.15% of the L / C amount, no less than 100 yuan at least
2. Modification fee: 100 yuan / transaction; If the increased amount is modified, the increased part shall be charged according to the standard of L / C service charge, which shall be at least 100 yuan
3. Service charge for notification: 50 yuan / transaction
4. Service charge for modification notice: 50 yuan / transaction
5. Negotiation fee: 0.1% of the bill amount
6. Post and telecommunications charges (the standard is unified according to the regulations of the post and Telecommunications Department)< (2) packing loan applied by the seller: packing loan of domestic letter of credit refers to the short-term loan provided by our bank to the applicant (the seller) to solve the temporary shortage of funds in the process of proction and procurement before delivery based on the original letter of credit issued by the domestic bank submitted by the applicant (the seller); Review according to the working capital loan standard of our bank. The packaged loan amount shall not exceed 80% of the L / C amount; The term of the packaged loan should match the payment term of the L / C or the presentation term of the L / C. Interest depends on the actual interest rate, term and principal when you apply for a loan< (3) the seller's application for negotiation by L / C: negotiation by L / C refers to the act of the negotiating bank designated by L / C to pay consideration to the beneficiary after decting the negotiation interest when the documents are in conformity. If only the documents are examined and the consideration is not paid, it does not constitute negotiation; The L / C applying for negotiation must be a negotiable documentary L / C with deferred payment. The negotiating bank is the beneficiary's Bank and designated by the L / C for negotiation; If the documents are not in conformity with the documents, we can negotiate after receiving the confirmation of e payment and the confirmation of authorized negotiation from the issuing bank. The negotiation interest rate shall guide the price execution according to the discount interest rate; The negotiation period shall be from the date of negotiation to the e date of L / C payment plus a reasonable grace period (3 days)< The financing period should be controlled within 180 days (inclusive), the buyer's payment under the deferred payment domestic L / C should be strictly controlled, and the total L / C period and payment financing should be controlled within 180 days (inclusive); The interest rate of payment and financing of domestic L / C can be implemented according to the interest rate standard of RMB working capital loan of the same grade.
let me talk about the two departments objectively
the two departments you mentioned are both management positions, and the nature of their work is similar. They all work in the office at 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. (in theory). Once they sit down, they can't move
let's talk about the position level first
in fact, international is just like a counter, just a big counter for foreign exchange business. The international part of China CITIC Bank is divided into three parts: the export section, the import section and the comprehensive section. Generally speaking, it is divided in this way. The division of business is just as the name suggests, and there is no explanation. The income of the international department is generally low, because the department level of the international department is relatively low. According to the sequence of management posts, the International Department generally enters the e-post in the first year, and the treatment of e-post is the average income of the Department * 0.6. Two years later, it turned to D, 0.8, but the highest is C, a and B, which are basically the department leaders<
the credit management department is generally at a high level. New employees usually go to loan Posts instead of credit audit, unless you are an old hand with many years of business experience. Loan is generally D (0.8), 2 years later C, but to B is very difficult. Generally, there are B and a, but not many
business level
the international department is a relatively elementary operation and entry department, which is more suitable for newcomers. College students like you can, and it's very meaningful, go to the international department for a few years, and they can learn a lot. Although there is little water in the process of learning, it seems that the position here is not as well paid as the account manager or other departments. But you have to understand that employees who are proficient in international business will be asked to work as account manager in any bank
the credit management part consists of three parts: credit audit, loan and post loan (some cities don't like this, but it's almost the same). Loan format is relatively simple, that is to do one-way transaction approval according to certain regulations. The credit audit needs professional knowledge and years of accumulated experience, needs to have a certain degree of familiarity with the market, and has accumulated a certain amount of contacts in the society. Therefore, the letter review is generally at least in their thirties. After the loan is put out after some inspection. If you take credit management, you can only make a loan or do odd jobs after the loan. Have you just graated? Ha ha, you can only do this. Your income may be a little higher than that of the international department. Generally, there will not be a big gap
in fact, no matter which department you enter, you will find that you can't use your major
if you go to the International Department, you usually learn how to enter the system, read the L / C, read the documents, and learn how to regulate the external management (the regulations of external management change day by day)...
if you go to the information management department, you will hold numerous meetings first, and then follow the master with a small notebook to remember what business needs to provide, what documents need to be sealed, where need to be stitched, and where the files need to be placed, Which book should be handed over to which leader
therefore, I think your major is useless after you graate
as for suggestions, I suggest you go to the international department. Although the income there will be slightly lower, if you study all the three departments of import and export accounting and settlement, your job choice will be much bigger. You can choose to stay in the management department, or you can choose to work as an account manager in the business department. Because in domestic banks, after all, not every account manager is proficient in international business. Many old account managers only do RMB business
in the information management department, if you go as a fresh student, I personally feel that what you have learned is not as good as that of the international department. Although the post salary is several hundred yuan higher, I think young people who have just graated should take a long-term view. After studying outside for a while, if you are proficient in business, it will be good to be a letter examiner.