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Blockchain and secure ppt
Publish: 2021-05-20 12:04:05
1. Chongqing jinwowo analysis: the information security advantages of blockchain technology are as follows:
first, through the application in the field of digital currency, blockchain provides a solution for the flow of capital flow (or capital flow) information on the Internet
secondly, blockchain solves the problem of right confirmation in the transaction process through encryption and reference of distributed ledger
thirdly, blockchain determines the exchange of digital assets through the technology of consensus mechanism.
first, through the application in the field of digital currency, blockchain provides a solution for the flow of capital flow (or capital flow) information on the Internet
secondly, blockchain solves the problem of right confirmation in the transaction process through encryption and reference of distributed ledger
thirdly, blockchain determines the exchange of digital assets through the technology of consensus mechanism.
2. Security in blockchain comes from some attributes< Mining blocks need to use resources< Br > 2. Each block contains the hash value of the previous block< Br > imagine if the attacker wants to change the chain by changing the transaction five blocks ago. If they tamper with the block, the hash value of the block changes. Then the attacker must change the pointer from the next block to the changed block, and then change the hash value of the next block... This will continue until the end of the chain. This means that the farther the block is behind the chain, the greater the resistance to change. In fact, the attacker has to simulate the hash capability of the whole network up to the front end of the chain. However, when the attacker tries to attack, the chain continues to move forward. If the attacker's hash value is lower than the rest of the chain (< 50%), they will always chase and never proce the longest chain. Therefore, this type of blockchain can resist attacks, where the attacker's hash value is less than 50%< Br > when attackers have 51% hash value, they can rewrite the network history with a list of valid transactions. This is because they can recalculate the hash value of any block sort faster than the rest of the network, so they can ultimately guarantee a longer chain. The main danger of 51% attacks is the possibility of double spending. This simply means that an attacker can buy an item and show that they have paid with any number of confirmations on the blockchain. Once they receive the item, they can reorder the blockchain so that it doesn't include the send transaction and get a refund< Br > even if the attacker has more than 50% hash value, the attacker can only do so much damage. They can't do things like transfer money from the victim's account to their account or print more coins. This is because all transactions are recorded by the account?? Account owners sign, so even if they control the entire network, they cannot forge account signatures.
3.
One of the characteristics of blockchain projects (especially public chains) is open source. Through open source code, to improve the credibility of the project, so that more people can participate. But the open source code also makes it easier for attackers to attack blockchain system. In the past two years, there have been a number of hacker attacks. Recently, the anonymous currency verge (xvg) was attacked again. The attacker locked a vulnerability in the xvg code, which allowed malicious miners to add false timestamps on the block, and then quickly dig out new blocks. In a few hours, the attacker obtained nearly $1.75 million worth of digital currency. Although the subsequent attack was successfully stopped, no one can guarantee whether the attacker will attack again in the future
of course, blockchain developers can also take some measures
one is to use professional code audit services,
the other is to understand the security coding specifications and take preventive measures
the security of cryptographic algorithm
with the development of quantum computer, it will bring a major security threat to the current cryptosystem. Blockchain mainly relies on elliptic curve public key encryption algorithm to generate digital signature for secure transactions. Currently, the most commonly used ECDSA, RSA, DSA, etc. can not withstand quantum attacks in theory, and there will be greater risks. More and more researchers begin to pay attention to cryptographic algorithms that can resist quantum attacks
of course, in addition to changing the algorithm, there is another way to improve the security:
refer to bitcoin's treatment of public key address to rece the potential risk of public key disclosure. As users, especially bitcoin users, the balance after each transaction is stored in a new address to ensure that the public key of the address where bitcoin funds are stored is not leaked
security of consensus mechanism
the current consensus mechanisms include proof of work (POW), proof of stake (POS), delegated proof of stake (dpos), practical Byzantine fault tolerance (pbft), etc
POW faces 51% attack. Because POW depends on computing power, when the attacker has the advantage of computing power, the probability of finding a new block will be greater than that of other nodes. At this time, the attacker has the ability to cancel the existing transaction. It should be noted that even in this case, the attacker can only modify his own transaction, but not the transaction of other users (the attacker does not have the private key of other users)
in POS, attackers can attack successfully only when they hold more than 51% token, which is more difficult than 51% computing power in pow
in pbft, when the malicious nodes are less than 1 / 3 of the total nodes, the system is secure. Generally speaking, any consensus mechanism has its own conditions. As an attacker, we also need to consider that once the attack is successful, the value of the system will return to zero. At this time, the attacker does not get any other valuable return except destruction
for the designers of blockchain projects, they should understand the advantages and disadvantages of each consensus mechanism, so as to select an appropriate consensus mechanism or design a new consensus mechanism according to the needs of the scene
security of smart contract
smart contract has the advantages of low operation cost and low risk of human intervention, but if there are problems in the design of smart contract, it may bring greater losses. In June 2016, the Dao, the most popular funding project of Ethereum, was attacked. The hacker obtained more than 3.5 million Ethereum coins, which later led to the bifurcation of Ethereum into Eth and etc
there are two aspects of the proposed measures:
one is to audit the security of smart contract, and the other is to follow the principle of smart contract security development
the security development principles of smart contract are: to be prepared for possible errors, to ensure that the code can correctly handle the bugs and vulnerabilities; Release smart contracts carefully, do well in function test and security test, and fully consider the boundary; Keep smart contracts simple; Pay attention to the threat intelligence of blockchain and check and update in time; Be clear about the characteristics of blockchain, such as calling external contracts carefully
security of digital wallet
there are three main security risks in digital wallet: first, design defects. At the end of 2014, a user lost hundreds of digital assets e to a serious random number problem (repeated r value). Second, the digital wallet contains malicious code. Third, the loss of assets caused by the loss or damage of computers and mobile phones
there are four main countermeasures:
one is to ensure the randomness of the private key
The second is to check the hash value before installing the software to ensure that the digital wallet software has not been tampered with The third is to use cold wallet The fourth is to back up the private key4. Because each block contains its own hash value and the hash value of the previous block, changing a hash value will invalidate the rest of the blockchain
if you have problems with blockchain, you are welcome to chat in private~~~~~
if you have problems with blockchain, you are welcome to chat in private~~~~~
5. Blockchain itself solves the problem of large-scale cooperation between strangers, that is, strangers can cooperate with each other without mutual trust. So how to ensure the trust between strangers to achieve mutual consensus mechanism? The centralized system uses trusted third-party endorsements, such as banks. In the eyes of the common people, banks are reliable and trustworthy institutions. The common people can trust banks to solve real disputes. But how does a decentralized blockchain guarantee trust
in fact, blockchain uses the basic principles of modern cryptography to ensure its security mechanism. The knowledge system involved in the field of cryptography and security is very complicated. Here, I only introce the basic knowledge of cryptography related to blockchain, including hash algorithm, encryption algorithm, information digest and digital signature, zero knowledge proof, quantum cryptography, etc. Through this lesson, you can learn how to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, authentication and non repudiation of the blockchain using cryptography technology
basic course lesson 7 basic knowledge of blockchain security
1. Hash algorithm (hash algorithm)
hash function (hash), also known as hash function. Hash function: hash (original information) = summary information. Hash function can map any length of binary plaintext string to a shorter (generally fixed length) binary string (hash value)
a good hash algorithm has the following four characteristics:
1. One to one correspondence: the same plaintext input and hash algorithm can always get the same summary information output
2. Input sensitivity: even if the plaintext input changes slightly, the newly generated summary information will change greatly, which is greatly different from the original output
3. Easy to verify: plaintext input and hash algorithm are public, anyone can calculate by themselves, and whether the output hash value is correct
4. Irreversibility: if there is only the output hash value, the hash algorithm can never dece the plaintext
5. Conflict avoidance: it is difficult to find two plaintexts with different contents, but their hash values are the same (collision)
for example:
hash (Zhang San lent Li Si 100000 yuan for 6 months) = 123456789012
such a record as 123456789012 is recorded in the account book
it can be seen that hash function has four functions:
simplify information
it is easy to understand, and the information after hashing becomes shorter
identification information
you can use 123456789012 to identify the original information, and summary information is also called the ID of the original information
hidden information
the account book is a record like 123456789012, and the original information is hidden
verification information
if Li Si cheated that Zhang San only lent Li Si 50000 when repaying, both parties can verify the original information with the hash value of 123456789012 recorded before
hash (Zhang San lent Li Si 50000 for 6 months) = 987654321098
987654321098 is completely different from 123456789012, which proves that Li Si lied, Then the information can't be tampered
common hash algorithms include MD4, MD5 and Sha series algorithms, and Sha series algorithms are basically used in mainstream fields. Sha (secure hash algorithm) is not an algorithm, but a group of hash algorithms. At first, it was SHA-1 series, and now the mainstream applications are sha-224, SHA-256, sha-384 and sha-512 algorithms (commonly known as SHA-2). Recently, Sha-3 related algorithms have been proposed, such as keccak-256 used by Ethereum
MD5 is a very classic hash algorithm, but unfortunately, both it and SHA-1 algorithm have been cracked. It is considered by the instry that its security is not enough to be used in business scenarios. Generally, sha2-256 or more secure algorithm is recommended
hash algorithm is widely used in blockchain. For example, in blocks, the latter block will contain the hash value of the previous block, and the content of the later block + the hash value of the previous block will jointly calculate the hash value of the later block, which ensures the continuity and non tamperability of the chain< Encryption and decryption algorithm is the core technology of cryptography, which can be divided into two basic types: symmetric encryption algorithm and asymmetric encryption algorithm. According to whether the key used in the encryption and decryption process is the same or not, the two modes are suitable for different needs, just forming a complementary relationship, and sometimes can be combined to form a hybrid encryption mechanism
symmetric cryptography (also known as common key cryptography) has the advantages of high computational efficiency and high encryption strength; Its disadvantage is that it needs to share the key in advance, which is easy to leak and lose the key. The common algorithms are des, 3DES, AES and so on
asymmetric cryptography (also known as public key cryptography) is different from the encryption and decryption key, and its advantage is that it does not need to share the key in advance; Its disadvantage is that it has low computational efficiency and can only encrypt short content. Common algorithms include RSA, SM2, ElGamal and elliptic curve series. Symmetric encryption algorithm is suitable for the encryption and decryption process of a large number of data; It can't be used in signature scenario: and it often needs to distribute the key in advance. Asymmetric encryption algorithm is generally suitable for signature scenario or key agreement, but it is not suitable for large amount of data encryption and decryption< Third, information digest and digital signature
as the name suggests, information digest is to hash the information content to obtain a unique digest value to replace the original and complete information content. Information digest is the most important use of hash algorithm. Using the anti-collision feature of hash function, information digest can solve the problem that the content has not been tampered
digital signature is similar to signing on paper contract to confirm contract content and prove identity. Digital signature is based on asymmetric encryption, which can be used to prove the integrity of a digital content and confirm the source (or non repudiation)
we have two requirements for digital signature to make it consistent with our expectation for handwritten signature. First, only you can make your own signature, but anyone who sees it can verify its validity; Second, we want the signature to be only related to a specific file and not support other files. These can be achieved by our asymmetric encryption algorithm above
in practice, we usually sign the hash value of information instead of the information itself, which is determined by the efficiency of asymmetric encryption algorithm. Corresponding to the blockchain, it is to sign the hash pointer. In this way, the front is the whole structure, not just the hash pointer itself< Zero knowledge proof means that the verifier can make the verifier believe that a certain conclusion is correct without providing any additional information to the verifier
zero knowledge proof generally meets three conditions:
1. Completeness: authentic proof can make the verifier successfully verify
2. Soundness: false proof can not make the verifier pass the verification
3. Zero knowledge: if you get proof, you can't get any information other than the proof information from the proof process< With more and more attention paid to the research of quantum computing and quantum communication, quantum cryptography will have a huge impact on the information security of cryptography in the future
the core principle of quantum computing is that qubits can be in multiple coherent superposition states at the same time. Theoretically, a large amount of information can be expressed by a small number of qubits and processed at the same time, which greatly improves the computing speed
in this way, a large number of current encryption algorithms are theoretically unreliable and can be cracked, so the encryption algorithm has to be upgraded, otherwise it will be broken by quantum computing
as we all know, quantum computing is still in the theoretical stage, which is far from large-scale commercial use. However, the new generation of encryption algorithms should consider the possibility of this situation.
in fact, blockchain uses the basic principles of modern cryptography to ensure its security mechanism. The knowledge system involved in the field of cryptography and security is very complicated. Here, I only introce the basic knowledge of cryptography related to blockchain, including hash algorithm, encryption algorithm, information digest and digital signature, zero knowledge proof, quantum cryptography, etc. Through this lesson, you can learn how to ensure the confidentiality, integrity, authentication and non repudiation of the blockchain using cryptography technology
basic course lesson 7 basic knowledge of blockchain security
1. Hash algorithm (hash algorithm)
hash function (hash), also known as hash function. Hash function: hash (original information) = summary information. Hash function can map any length of binary plaintext string to a shorter (generally fixed length) binary string (hash value)
a good hash algorithm has the following four characteristics:
1. One to one correspondence: the same plaintext input and hash algorithm can always get the same summary information output
2. Input sensitivity: even if the plaintext input changes slightly, the newly generated summary information will change greatly, which is greatly different from the original output
3. Easy to verify: plaintext input and hash algorithm are public, anyone can calculate by themselves, and whether the output hash value is correct
4. Irreversibility: if there is only the output hash value, the hash algorithm can never dece the plaintext
5. Conflict avoidance: it is difficult to find two plaintexts with different contents, but their hash values are the same (collision)
for example:
hash (Zhang San lent Li Si 100000 yuan for 6 months) = 123456789012
such a record as 123456789012 is recorded in the account book
it can be seen that hash function has four functions:
simplify information
it is easy to understand, and the information after hashing becomes shorter
identification information
you can use 123456789012 to identify the original information, and summary information is also called the ID of the original information
hidden information
the account book is a record like 123456789012, and the original information is hidden
verification information
if Li Si cheated that Zhang San only lent Li Si 50000 when repaying, both parties can verify the original information with the hash value of 123456789012 recorded before
hash (Zhang San lent Li Si 50000 for 6 months) = 987654321098
987654321098 is completely different from 123456789012, which proves that Li Si lied, Then the information can't be tampered
common hash algorithms include MD4, MD5 and Sha series algorithms, and Sha series algorithms are basically used in mainstream fields. Sha (secure hash algorithm) is not an algorithm, but a group of hash algorithms. At first, it was SHA-1 series, and now the mainstream applications are sha-224, SHA-256, sha-384 and sha-512 algorithms (commonly known as SHA-2). Recently, Sha-3 related algorithms have been proposed, such as keccak-256 used by Ethereum
MD5 is a very classic hash algorithm, but unfortunately, both it and SHA-1 algorithm have been cracked. It is considered by the instry that its security is not enough to be used in business scenarios. Generally, sha2-256 or more secure algorithm is recommended
hash algorithm is widely used in blockchain. For example, in blocks, the latter block will contain the hash value of the previous block, and the content of the later block + the hash value of the previous block will jointly calculate the hash value of the later block, which ensures the continuity and non tamperability of the chain< Encryption and decryption algorithm is the core technology of cryptography, which can be divided into two basic types: symmetric encryption algorithm and asymmetric encryption algorithm. According to whether the key used in the encryption and decryption process is the same or not, the two modes are suitable for different needs, just forming a complementary relationship, and sometimes can be combined to form a hybrid encryption mechanism
symmetric cryptography (also known as common key cryptography) has the advantages of high computational efficiency and high encryption strength; Its disadvantage is that it needs to share the key in advance, which is easy to leak and lose the key. The common algorithms are des, 3DES, AES and so on
asymmetric cryptography (also known as public key cryptography) is different from the encryption and decryption key, and its advantage is that it does not need to share the key in advance; Its disadvantage is that it has low computational efficiency and can only encrypt short content. Common algorithms include RSA, SM2, ElGamal and elliptic curve series. Symmetric encryption algorithm is suitable for the encryption and decryption process of a large number of data; It can't be used in signature scenario: and it often needs to distribute the key in advance. Asymmetric encryption algorithm is generally suitable for signature scenario or key agreement, but it is not suitable for large amount of data encryption and decryption< Third, information digest and digital signature
as the name suggests, information digest is to hash the information content to obtain a unique digest value to replace the original and complete information content. Information digest is the most important use of hash algorithm. Using the anti-collision feature of hash function, information digest can solve the problem that the content has not been tampered
digital signature is similar to signing on paper contract to confirm contract content and prove identity. Digital signature is based on asymmetric encryption, which can be used to prove the integrity of a digital content and confirm the source (or non repudiation)
we have two requirements for digital signature to make it consistent with our expectation for handwritten signature. First, only you can make your own signature, but anyone who sees it can verify its validity; Second, we want the signature to be only related to a specific file and not support other files. These can be achieved by our asymmetric encryption algorithm above
in practice, we usually sign the hash value of information instead of the information itself, which is determined by the efficiency of asymmetric encryption algorithm. Corresponding to the blockchain, it is to sign the hash pointer. In this way, the front is the whole structure, not just the hash pointer itself< Zero knowledge proof means that the verifier can make the verifier believe that a certain conclusion is correct without providing any additional information to the verifier
zero knowledge proof generally meets three conditions:
1. Completeness: authentic proof can make the verifier successfully verify
2. Soundness: false proof can not make the verifier pass the verification
3. Zero knowledge: if you get proof, you can't get any information other than the proof information from the proof process< With more and more attention paid to the research of quantum computing and quantum communication, quantum cryptography will have a huge impact on the information security of cryptography in the future
the core principle of quantum computing is that qubits can be in multiple coherent superposition states at the same time. Theoretically, a large amount of information can be expressed by a small number of qubits and processed at the same time, which greatly improves the computing speed
in this way, a large number of current encryption algorithms are theoretically unreliable and can be cracked, so the encryption algorithm has to be upgraded, otherwise it will be broken by quantum computing
as we all know, quantum computing is still in the theoretical stage, which is far from large-scale commercial use. However, the new generation of encryption algorithms should consider the possibility of this situation.
6. In view of the security characteristics and shortcomings of the existing blockchain technology, we need to build a security system around the physical, data, application system, encryption, risk control and other aspects to improve the security performance of the blockchain system as a whole
1. Physical security
the network and host running the blockchain system should be in a protected environment. According to the regulatory requirements of specific business, the protection measures can be used to protect the physical network and host by means of VPN, firewall, physical isolation, etc
2. Data security
in principle, the data exchange between nodes of the blockchain should not be transmitted in clear text. For example, asymmetric encryption can be used to negotiate key, and symmetric encryption algorithm can be used to encrypt and decrypt data. The data provider should also strictly evaluate the sensitivity and security level of the data, decide whether to send the data to the blockchain, whether to desensitize the data, and adopt strict access control measures
3. Application system security
application system security needs to start from the aspects of identity authentication, authority system, transaction rules, anti fraud strategy, etc.
relevant personnel, transaction nodes and transaction data involved in application operation should be controlled in advance and auditable afterwards. Taking financial blockchain as an example, consensus algorithm with stronger fault tolerance, anti fraud and higher performance can be adopted to avoid joint fraud of some nodes
4. Key security
to encrypt the communication data between the blockchain nodes and the key to encrypt the data stored on the blockchain nodes, the plaintext should not exist on the same node, and the private key should be properly saved by the encryption machine. When the key is lost or leaked, the system can identify the relevant records of the original key, such as account control, communication encryption, data storage encryption, etc., and implement response measures to make the original key invalid. The key should also be managed strictly in the life cycle, and should not be permanently valid. It needs to be replaced after reaching a certain time cycle
5. Risk control mechanism
there should be careful detection measures for the network layer, host operation, data access of application system, transaction frequency and other dimensions of the system. For any suspicious operation, alarm, record and verification should be carried out. If illegal operation is found, loss assessment should be carried out, remedial measures should be taken at the technical and business levels, and security measures should be strengthened, And trace the source of illegal operation to prevent further attacks
Article source: white paper on blockchain technology and application development in China
1. Physical security
the network and host running the blockchain system should be in a protected environment. According to the regulatory requirements of specific business, the protection measures can be used to protect the physical network and host by means of VPN, firewall, physical isolation, etc
2. Data security
in principle, the data exchange between nodes of the blockchain should not be transmitted in clear text. For example, asymmetric encryption can be used to negotiate key, and symmetric encryption algorithm can be used to encrypt and decrypt data. The data provider should also strictly evaluate the sensitivity and security level of the data, decide whether to send the data to the blockchain, whether to desensitize the data, and adopt strict access control measures
3. Application system security
application system security needs to start from the aspects of identity authentication, authority system, transaction rules, anti fraud strategy, etc.
relevant personnel, transaction nodes and transaction data involved in application operation should be controlled in advance and auditable afterwards. Taking financial blockchain as an example, consensus algorithm with stronger fault tolerance, anti fraud and higher performance can be adopted to avoid joint fraud of some nodes
4. Key security
to encrypt the communication data between the blockchain nodes and the key to encrypt the data stored on the blockchain nodes, the plaintext should not exist on the same node, and the private key should be properly saved by the encryption machine. When the key is lost or leaked, the system can identify the relevant records of the original key, such as account control, communication encryption, data storage encryption, etc., and implement response measures to make the original key invalid. The key should also be managed strictly in the life cycle, and should not be permanently valid. It needs to be replaced after reaching a certain time cycle
5. Risk control mechanism
there should be careful detection measures for the network layer, host operation, data access of application system, transaction frequency and other dimensions of the system. For any suspicious operation, alarm, record and verification should be carried out. If illegal operation is found, loss assessment should be carried out, remedial measures should be taken at the technical and business levels, and security measures should be strengthened, And trace the source of illegal operation to prevent further attacks
Article source: white paper on blockchain technology and application development in China
7. At present, blockchain is leading the trend of the economic market in various Internet instries, and it is more significant in the medical field. In addition, e to high rendancy, impossibility of tampering, low cost and the ability to manage multi signature complex permissions, blockchain may be the best data storage scheme that human beings can find at present. Medical institutions are using blockchain technology to realize the confidentiality of patients' privacy information
take the PPT big health protection ecological platform on the market as an example:
five applications of blockchain in the medical field:
1. In the aspect of EHR medical treatment, the main application of blockchain is the preservation of personal medical records, which can be understood as the electronic medical records on the blockchain. If you think of the medical record as an account book, originally it is in the hands of various hospitals, and the patients themselves do not master it, so the patients have no way to obtain their own medical records and historical information, which will cause great trouble for the patients to seek medical treatment, because the doctors can not fully understand your medical records. But now, if we can use blockchain technology to save, there will be historical data of personal medical care. Whether we see a doctor or plan for our own health, there will be historical data to use. The real master of this data is the patient himself, not a hospital or a third-party organization
2. DNA wallet gene and medical data can be safely stored by using blockchain technology and obtained by using private key, which will form a DNA wallet. This enables healthcare providers to share and count patient data safely, and helps pharmaceutical companies develop drugs more efficiently. And this model is graally being established
3. The development of bitcoin payment blockchain technology promotes bitcoin payment and gives patients more choices for insurance payment. Although it also depends on the development of bitcoin in the market, the insurance companies that provide this way also have greater advantages than their competitors. For health insurance companies, blockchain is being established as a part of financial services
4. Drug anti-counterfeiting is similar to coding anti-counterfeiting technology. For drugs using blockchain technology, there is a scraped surface on the surface of drug packaging box, and a special verification label under it, which is compared with blockchain technology to ensure the legitimacy of drugs
5. Protein folding e to the rapid process of protein folding, Stanford University previously relied on very expensive supercomputers to simulate the protein folding process. This approach is obviously expensive and has a single point of failure. By using blockchain, they can choose to use a huge distributed network for high-speed computing. This example will greatly attract other companies that use expensive supercomputers. With the development of medical technology, medical data is playing a more and more important role in the aspects of patient identity background, past medical history, and medical payment records. Medical data may be a person's most private data, but e to network operation errors or hacker attacks and other problems, in the past, these personal privacy data were leaked on a large scale. For example, anthem once leaked 80 million patient and employee records, and UCLA health once leaked 4.5 million patient data. The medical convenience brought by blockchain includes: as more and more health and preventive care are provided in a virtual environment, such as at home, at work and so on. Open and viable tracking, validation, and care delivery will become very important for patients, payers, suppliers, scientists, and regulators. The development of these new ohh blockchains in the clinical community will prepare for the study of patients' behavior, and for the important data access of supplier reimbursement, rule compliance, security monitoring and patient compliance in the future. Blockchain is a near perfect technology (not necessarily implemented at present). It can easily and safely access ooh data while protecting the maximum privacy, and rece the interest risk of all patients, including patients themselves, families, caregivers, clinics, suppliers, insurance companies and all stakeholders related to patients' health.
take the PPT big health protection ecological platform on the market as an example:
five applications of blockchain in the medical field:
1. In the aspect of EHR medical treatment, the main application of blockchain is the preservation of personal medical records, which can be understood as the electronic medical records on the blockchain. If you think of the medical record as an account book, originally it is in the hands of various hospitals, and the patients themselves do not master it, so the patients have no way to obtain their own medical records and historical information, which will cause great trouble for the patients to seek medical treatment, because the doctors can not fully understand your medical records. But now, if we can use blockchain technology to save, there will be historical data of personal medical care. Whether we see a doctor or plan for our own health, there will be historical data to use. The real master of this data is the patient himself, not a hospital or a third-party organization
2. DNA wallet gene and medical data can be safely stored by using blockchain technology and obtained by using private key, which will form a DNA wallet. This enables healthcare providers to share and count patient data safely, and helps pharmaceutical companies develop drugs more efficiently. And this model is graally being established
3. The development of bitcoin payment blockchain technology promotes bitcoin payment and gives patients more choices for insurance payment. Although it also depends on the development of bitcoin in the market, the insurance companies that provide this way also have greater advantages than their competitors. For health insurance companies, blockchain is being established as a part of financial services
4. Drug anti-counterfeiting is similar to coding anti-counterfeiting technology. For drugs using blockchain technology, there is a scraped surface on the surface of drug packaging box, and a special verification label under it, which is compared with blockchain technology to ensure the legitimacy of drugs
5. Protein folding e to the rapid process of protein folding, Stanford University previously relied on very expensive supercomputers to simulate the protein folding process. This approach is obviously expensive and has a single point of failure. By using blockchain, they can choose to use a huge distributed network for high-speed computing. This example will greatly attract other companies that use expensive supercomputers. With the development of medical technology, medical data is playing a more and more important role in the aspects of patient identity background, past medical history, and medical payment records. Medical data may be a person's most private data, but e to network operation errors or hacker attacks and other problems, in the past, these personal privacy data were leaked on a large scale. For example, anthem once leaked 80 million patient and employee records, and UCLA health once leaked 4.5 million patient data. The medical convenience brought by blockchain includes: as more and more health and preventive care are provided in a virtual environment, such as at home, at work and so on. Open and viable tracking, validation, and care delivery will become very important for patients, payers, suppliers, scientists, and regulators. The development of these new ohh blockchains in the clinical community will prepare for the study of patients' behavior, and for the important data access of supplier reimbursement, rule compliance, security monitoring and patient compliance in the future. Blockchain is a near perfect technology (not necessarily implemented at present). It can easily and safely access ooh data while protecting the maximum privacy, and rece the interest risk of all patients, including patients themselves, families, caregivers, clinics, suppliers, insurance companies and all stakeholders related to patients' health.
8. This white paper, led by the national instrial information security development research center, has been jointly compiled by several units such as interest chain technology in four months, and has now been released. It is understood that this white paper aims to sort out the policies, regulations, technical standards and instry status of blockchain and data security governance, study and summarize the technical feasibility of the combination of blockchain and data security governance, explore the use of blockchain technology to help data security governance, provide reference for instry development, and promote the orderly development of data security governance. I hope my answer can help you
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