Suggestions on blockchain Technology

2. The following points are the characteristics of the blockchain summarized by jinwowo group:

1 - Decentralization: because the blockchain relies on each node to achieve system maintenance and ensure the authenticity of information transmission, it is based on distributed data storage without centralized management by a certain center, Therefore, the attack and tampering of a node will not affect the healthy operation of the whole network

2-DE Trust: the establishment of a connection between any two nodes does not need to trust each other's identity, and the data exchange between the two sides does not need the basis of mutual trust. Since all nodes in the network can act as "supervisors", there is no need to worry about fraud

3 - extensible: blockchain is an underlying open source technology, on which various kinds of extension, decentralized and distrusted applications can be realized<

4 - anonymization: the two sides of data exchange can be anonymous, and the nodes in the network can exchange data without knowing each other's identity and personal information

5 - Security and reliability: because the activities between any nodes are supervised by the whole network, and the database adopts distributed storage, for hackers, first, they can't disguise and cheat, Second, we can't control the network only by conquering a node.

3. The core advantage of blockchain technology is decentralization. It can realize point-to-point transaction, coordination and cooperation based on decentralized credit in a distributed system without mutual trust by means of data encryption, time stamp, distributed consensus and economic incentive, so as to solve the common high cost, low cost and low cost of centralized institutions Low efficiency and data storage insecurity provide solutions
the application fields of blockchain include digital currency, token, finance, anti-counterfeiting traceability, privacy protection, supply chain, entertainment, etc. with the popularity of blockchain and bitcoin, many related top domain names have been registered, which has a great impact on the domain name instry
taking the tourism instry as an example, blockchain applications mainly focus on tourism travel, tourism community reviews, digital identity management, credit consumption management, tracking pilot's professional certificate and qualification, loyalty plan of hotels and airlines, reservation management and consumption points management. In addition, blockchain also has applications in finance, games, entertainment and other fields.

4. 1、 Decentralization:
blockchain technology does not rely on additional third-party management institutions or hardware facilities, and there is no central control. In addition to the self-contained blockchain itself, each node realizes information self verification, transmission and management through distributed accounting and storage. Decentralization is the most prominent and essential feature of blockchain< Second, openness:
the foundation of blockchain technology is open source. In addition to the private information of all parties to the transaction is encrypted, the data of blockchain is open to all. Anyone can query blockchain data and develop related applications through the open interface, so the information of the whole system is highly transparent< Third, independence:
based on consensus specifications and Protocols (similar to various mathematical algorithms such as hash algorithm used by bitcoin), the whole blockchain system does not rely on other third parties, and all nodes can automatically and safely verify and exchange data in the system without any human intervention< Fourth, security:
as long as 51% of all data nodes cannot be controlled, the network data cannot be arbitrarily controlled and modified, which makes the blockchain itself relatively safe and avoids subjective and artificial data changes
5. Anonymity:
unless there are legal requirements, technically speaking, the identity information of each block node does not need to be disclosed or verified, and information transmission can be carried out anonymously
Digital China is the first major development strategy explicitly put forward in the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. The application of digital technology represented by cloud computing, big data and mobile Internet is no longer limited to the economic field, but widely penetrated into all aspects of public services, social development and people's life, which requires macro coordination, overall control and integrated development
with the deepening of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and instrial change, the tide of digital economy in the world is unstoppable. The development of digital economy has become a global consensus, known as the key to the fourth instrial revolution
adhering to the connotation of the University of nice's world inclusive humanistic spirit, always embracing change, standing up to the tide, conforming to the development trend of the digital economy era, and integrating the essence of Chinese and Western cultural thinking, the University of nice's doctor of blockchain and digital economy management (DDE) came into being
based on this, we can enable the managers of digital economy instry to have global vision and global integration thinking, integrate knowledge, operate digital economy intelligently, promote the sustainable development of the instry, and contribute to the community of human destiny. Therefore, DDE project will cooperate with colleagues in the field of digital economy
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5. Jinwowo analysis believes that: first of all, blockchain technology is not just a technology, but an organic combination of cryptography, P2P network communication, consensus algorithm and other technologies, and the technologies involved have basically appeared long ago
in a word, jinwowo thinks that this technology can solve many problems, but not every problem is suitable for blockchain technology! Moreover, blockchain technology itself is still in the development stage, and there are still many bottlenecks to overcome. If there is popularization in the future, it will have the same subversive impact on human society as the Internet
in the future, jinwowo will continue to tap the value of blockchain technology in the commercial field and give full play to the advantages of big data services

6. The status quo of civil law protection of network virtual property in China

1. The status quo of legislation

network virtual property is still a new thing in China, and the relevant laws to protect it are relatively backward, and there is no definite legislation on the protection of network virtual property in civil law

(1) the relevant provisions of the Constitution and the general principles of civil law are relatively general, but provide space for their interpretation: after the amendment of the Constitution in 2004, the protection of citizens' legitimate private property was explicitly included in the constitution, which provides a great space for the interpretation of civil law property According to the general principles of the civil law, "a citizen's personal property includes his legal income, house, savings, articles for daily use, cultural relics, books and materials, trees, livestock, and other means of proction and other legal property permitted by law." It is not clear that the network virtual property should be included in the personal legal property. However, there is no clear explanation for "other legal property" in China's law, which also provides space for us to interpret it

(2) the protection of network virtual property in the decision on maintaining Internet security is still unclear: Article 4 of the decision stipulates: "in order to protect the personal and property rights of indivials, legal persons and other organizations, those who commit one of the following acts, which constitute a crime, shall be investigated for criminal responsibility in accordance with the relevant provisions of the criminal law... Theft, fraud, illegal use of the Internet "Extortion" and Article 6: "anyone who uses the Internet to infringe upon the legitimate rights and interests of others, which constitutes a civil infringement, shall bear civil liability according to law." The "decision" on the protection of network virtual property is still not clear, but also does not negate the protection of network virtual property, which also provides space for judicial interpretation

from the above legislative situation, China has no clear legal provisions for the handling of such cases, and has not carried out special legislation like South Korea, the United States and Taiwan. After the occurrence of network virtual property disputes, the disputes can not be solved in a timely and effective manner, which has brought great hidden dangers to the security of the Internet. Network virtual property disputes continue to emerge, calling for the relevant legislation and judicial as soon as possible< From the judicial point of view, the civil legal protection of network virtual property mainly involves the following aspects:

(1) the existing burden of proof sharing is obviously unfavorable to players

in civil litigation, generally speaking, it is "who claims, who provides evidence", If the party who claims the right can not provide the corresponding evidence to support his claim, he will bear the adverse consequences of litigation, and the civil dispute of network virtual property is no exception. In the online game environment, most players use the registration information is not real, in this case, not only to prove that they are the real owner of the ID, but also to prove that they lost the type and quantity of network virtual property. Due to the virtual characteristics of online games, the burden of proof is difficult for the players, which is obviously disadvantageous to the players. Because the operation and transaction of network virtual property are all dynamic, after the loss of network virtual property, it is difficult for players to find the relevant traces, and it is even more difficult to prove their legal ownership< (2) it is difficult to determine the value of network virtual property. At present, there is no unified standard for the evaluation and calculation of the value of network virtual property, so it is difficult to get fair compensation after disputes< (3) it is difficult to apply the existing evidence rules to the confirmation of evidence in the case of network virtual property. In essence, network virtual property is just a set of data stored in the computer, one of its characteristics is that it can be copied infinitely. On the other hand, because the game server is always in a state of high-speed movement, it brings considerable difficulties to the fixation of evidence. Once the network virtual property disappears or is deleted by the operator, it is not easy to find the evidence related to the case Article 69 of the regulations on evidence in civil procere clearly stipulates that the following evidence can not be used as the basis for determining the facts of the case alone: (4) copies and reproctions that cannot be checked with the original or the original. " As far as the network virtual property is concerned, it is difficult to distinguish the original and the of the evidence provided by the plaintiff and the defendant in the form of the network virtual property itself, pictures and screenshots. Obviously, it is difficult to apply the existing rules of evidence in the case of network virtual property. A good solution to this problem depends on the breakthrough of the existing rules of evidence in legislation or judicial interpretation

in judicial practice, the basis of coordinating or dealing with disputes related to online virtual property is the previous agreement between players and online game companies, as well as the theory of civil law, combined with the rules of online game itself to choose the applicable jurisprudence. This also reflects the principle of law application in China: there is law, according to law; There is no law, according to convention; There is no convention, according to the law. Just because the basis of dealing with disputes is some legal theories, rather than specific legal provisions, the basis of solving online virtual property disputes in online games lacks legal authority. It can be seen that the current situation of civil law protection of network virtual property in China is not very optimistic. The legal circle should pay more attention to it and improve the existing civil legal provisions in order to stabilize the social legal environment.

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9. Blockchain is a new application mode of distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm and other computer technologies. Blockchain is an important concept of bitcoin. It is essentially a decentralized database. At the same time, as the underlying technology of bitcoin, it is a series of data blocks generated by using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains a batch of information about bitcoin network transactions, Used to verify the validity of its information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block
it can be used in practice:
virtual currency: for example, bitcoin, etc.
Digital Rights: it can authenticate works, prove the existence of text, video, audio and other works, and ensure the authenticity and uniqueness of ownership
public welfare: the relevant information in the public welfare process, such as donation projects, collection details, capital flow, feedback from recipients, can be stored on the blockchain, and can be made transparent and public, which is convenient for social supervision.

10. 1 - disintermediated trust, which has been repeatedly emphasized, is not decentralization but disintermediation
2-stability, reliability and persistence. Because it is a distributed network architecture, no central node can be attacked or attacked, it has stronger stability, reliability and persistence in the overall technical layout
3-strong security, consensus mechanism does not need the entry of a third party, but through one technology to achieve the completion of the whole transaction
4 - is the guarantee of the openness, transparency and non tamperability of the transaction
the above four points are the characteristics of blockchain technology analyzed by jinwowo group!