What computer does blockchain use

1. blockchain is a new trend at present, and I am also a senior player. As for mining, you can't dig much if you buy a miner. If you want to join in a large mine, you must pay attention to bitcoin. Don't dig other coins. But there are also many problems. First of all, you have to determine the authenticity of the mine. Second, you have to mine without losing money. This thing is very deep. Generally speaking, the threshold for ordinary people to enter the blockchain is very big

2. Blockchain itself is decentralized, either for indivials or teams. It doesn't have to be a company. If your project needs to be engaged in offline business, you need to register a company. However, if you are engaged in pure blockchain network, there is no need to set up a company. For example, the well-known hummingbird strategy Arbitrage (HMT. One) is carried out between different exchanges.

3.

blockchain (English: blockchain or block chain) is a kind of distributed database . You may have heard about bitcoin, which is the core technology. Blockchain is a series of data blocks generated by cryptography. Each data block contains the information of a network transaction, which is used to verify the validity of the information and generate the next block. In a popular concept, blockchain is an account that everyone can keep. In a company or organization, most people only have the right to keep accounts, while only a few people with professional training have the right to keep accounts. Of course, blockchain is not an account book in the traditional sense. It has the following three key points in technical principle: first, decentralization. In a network practicing blockchain technology, each computer covered by it can read and add records. From the perspective of account book, they are the people who keep accounts together, and there is no authoritative person to guide and correct them. Second, asymmetric encryption. Although everyone can remember this account, they will not be able to read it unless they are in the Bureau. Because, in the accounting process, everyone follows the unified encryption rules, but when reading, they must use their own unique decryption method. Therefore, although everyone keeps this constantly updated account, the part they can read is only the one they can decrypt, that is, the part related to themselves. Third, time stamp. That is, time stamp (English: timestamp), refers to the string or coded information used to identify the recorded time and date. Each block on the blockchain is arranged in sequence according to the time it is generated, and is confirmed by collective authentication. Moreover, previous records cannot be modified. Just like in an account, we can index and verify the previous content through the records after a point in time. Once these contents are confirmed, it will be more difficult to tamper with them

blockchain technology is to maintain a growing distributed database of data records. These data are associated with all the data written before through cryptography technology, which makes it difficult for the third party or even the owner of the node to tamper with. Block contains the data that need to be saved in the database, and these data are written into the database through block organization. Chain usually refers to the use of Merkle tree and other methods to check whether all the current blocks have been modified. This is familiar to code farmers who have used git for a long time. Recall how to modify git's history

blockchain technology is mainly divided into three categories, which are open, collaborative and private

public blockchain

example: bitcoin, Ethereum frontier. The data on the public blockchain can be accessed by all people, and all people can issue transactions waiting to be written into the blockchain. Participants in the consensus process (corresponding to the miners in bitcoin) maintain the security of the database through cryptography technology and built-in economic incentives. Open blockchain is completely distributed

highlights and pain points: the open blockchain is completely distributed and has all the characteristics of bitcoin. However, it needs sufficient cost to maintain the system operation and relies on built-in incentives. At present, only bitcoin in the public blockchain is safe enough. If the algorithm is the same as bitcoin, it will be safe; There are no built-in rewards, but they are not; It's easy to concentrate on the attack of computing power (for example, as long as the raid sweeps goods and a large number of graphics cards), and take jujube pills. The more valuable the data on the open blockchain is, the more important it is to examine its security, transaction cost and system scalability

federated blockchain

example: audit system tried by hyperledger and Deloitte. The nodes participating in the blockchain are selected in advance, and there is likely to be a good network connection between the nodes. Other consensus algorithms without workload proof can be used on such a blockchain. For example, a blockchain has been established among 100 financial institutions, and more than 67 institutions must agree to reach a consensus. The data on such a blockchain can be public or internal to these node participants. Distributed in a partial sense

highlights and pain points: collaborative blockchain can achieve a good connection between nodes, only need a little cost to maintain operation, provide rapid transaction processing and low transaction costs, has good scalability (but the scalability will decline with the increase of nodes), and data can have certain privacy. Developers have the ability to change the protocol under the consensus. There is no problem with bitcoin hard fork, but it also means that everyone can tamper with the data together under the consensus. Collaborative blockchain also means that the application scope of this blockchain will not be too wide, lacking the network propagation effect of bitcoin

private blockchain

example: Eris instries. The participating nodes are only users themselves, and the access and use of data have strict authority management. Most of the blockchain technologies recently announced by some financial institutions for internal use are vague, but they are probably all within this scope

highlights and pain points: private blockchain is actually a confusing term. Such a system is nothing more than a shared database in the traditional sense. Merkle tree and other methods are used to try to show that the data in it is verifiable. There are already mature solutions for such databases, and Merkle tree is only one of many mature solutions. It's easy for these projects to be "like eggs". Because the user has the final say, the data inside can not be changed, and there is not much protection for the third party. Therefore, many private blockchains exist by attaching to bitcoin, such as recording system snapshots to bitcoin regularly

4.

The hottest things this year are "bitcoin", "Ethereum" and all kinds of cryptocurrencies, so hot that even aunts and uncles are about to start talking about them. It is no exaggeration to say that 2017 is the first year of the development of cryptocurrency and blockchain technology

as the underlying technology behind bitcoin, the concept of blockchain has only been mentioned in the past two or three years, although as early as 2009, "Nakamoto Tsung" released bitcoin. After this wave of digital currency boom, the concept of blockchain technology has really entered the eyes of all walks of life. I'm afraid it's too early to mention the wide application of blockchain technology, which is still in a very early stage of development. However, e to the arrival of the boom, many technicians and teams have contributed their efforts to build some blockchain concept projects“ Needless to say, as the first application of blockchain technology, bitcoin of "Zhongben cong" has realized the function of distributed ledger, which can realize the first decentralized value transmission of human beings. It can be said that it is "blockchain 1.0". Then Ethereum invented the smart contract, which extended the function of blockchain technology to build applications. It is well deserved to be defined as "blockchain 2.0". However, the blockchain concept projects that came out later did not realize this leap forward role, but only improved to a certain extent at the application level, so they can not be called "blockchain 3.0"

so what is "blockchain 3.0"? Maybe bitcoin OS is the answer: an operation system that is completely based on blockchain technology and follows the concept of blockchain technology. In the 1980s, before Microsoft released the windows operating system, personal computers and Internet technology were still in a non systematic state and could not be popularized. After the release, personal computers were allowed to enter ordinary people's homes, making PC and Internet universal application procts. Recently, bitcoin OS team announced the implementation of the bifurcations of bitcoin and Ethereum on Christmas day, so as to officially publish the plan of developing blockchain OS

anyone who knows a little bit about blockchain technology knows that bitcoin solves the problem of account book, while Ethereum is a smart contract to realize application expansion. Later, a team will launch a distributed storage project. But these systems with only a single functional mole are not "operating systems". The traditional definition of operating system is a huge management and control program, which includes five management functions: process and processor management, job management, storage management, device management and file management. In fact, the OS based on blockchain does not need to change all the five functional blocks into distributed ones, as long as the parts related to the external transmission of value and information can be decentralized and distributed. Therefore, the blockchain operating system should have at least three functions of "account system management, computing resource management and storage resource management", which can realize distributed ledger, edge computing and edge storage. Although it is still too early to define the instry standard in this way, bitcoin OS team is committed to realizing the blockchain OS possessed by these three functional blocks first, and then improving it through iteration

according to the bitcoin OS team, the name "bitcoin OS" is actually "blockchain OS", which is named after "bitcoin", which is also a tribute to the inventor "Satoshi Nakamoto". At present, from the technical details given by the bitcoin OS team, we may be able to see some aspects of this "blockchain 3.0" project

firstly, the management function of the account book system supports locating the ownership of resources according to the account ID, such as the private key; Computing resource management can obtain corresponding computing resources according to the demand, support edge computing, and share distributed computing power. In addition, storage resource management can use storage resources according to the demand, and support edge storage. Compared with bitcoin OS, Ethereum only supports account system and smart contract, which can not meet the distribution of distributed computing tasks. Ethereum only supports the fair execution of contract code, let alone the management of storage resources. So Ethereum is only a custom calculator

in addition, it is worth mentioning that bitcoin OS self customized enhanced smart contract. It supports two modes, which are more flexible and efficient

1. Central computing mode: the outgoing node is responsible for executing the smart contract, and both the incoming parameters and the output results support sipfs to be stored in the storage node

Distributed computing mode: ordinary nodes can claim computing tasks, input parameters and output results support sipfs storage to storage nodes

finally, we also need to mention the built-in sipfs super interstellar file system of bitcoin OS. Sipfs can realize the decentralized storage of technical input parameters and output parameters. At the same time, the file has a life cycle, and the DNA description of the file descriptor is recorded on the blockchain. The file descriptor of sipfs does not exist on the blockchain, but it will be stored in a separate file descriptor data file. After the end of the file life cycle, the blockchain will automatically delete the file descriptor, Realize the intelligent slimming of blockchain

"blockchain 3.0" is worth looking forward to, and bitcoin OS team, as the vanguard, is worth paying attention to and encouraging. We are looking forward to the real blockchain operating system

5. Tell you what blockchain is and what can it do

what is a blockchain? How does it work

bitcoin has become the trend of modern Internet, followed by blockchain. It is said that blockchain technology will lead to fundamental changes in Internet operation, enterprise operation and everything else

but what is blockchain? Most of us don't know much about blockchain. If you want to understand blockchain, you can read this article carefully

what is a blockchain? In the simplest terms, blockchain is a distributed ledger

to understand what this means, let's first look at its opposite: a centralized ledger. Because blockchain technology starts from finance, we will also use the bank as an example

the following is the process of our bank debit card transaction:

you can buy goods by swiping your card in the store

the merchant sends the bill to your bank to get the agreed amount

your bank will verify whether you are likely to authorize the purchase

banks remit money to businesses

finally, the bank records this information in its ledger

there are a lot of technologies involved here, but basically that's it. The last step is important - the bank keeps track of all transactions made by the customer. This ledger goes all the way back to the first transaction the bank made

the ledger is kept, maintained and supervised by the bank. You can read it in your online bank account, but you can't change it. The bank is in full control. If it decides to make a change, there's nothing you can do

it is crucial that if hackers can access the bank's ledger, it may lead to many problems. They can change the account balance to make it look like some transaction never happened, and so on

that's why distributed ledger is so cool

blockchain network visualization

if the bank operates on a distributed ledger, each member of the bank will have a of the ledger. Whenever any member of the bank makes a purchase, they will tell all other members of the bank

each member validates the transaction and adds it to the ledger (the added record is called a "block"). This has some important benefits because there are no centralized permissions to manipulate records. Hacker access to one ledger won't be a big problem because other ledgers can easily verify it

on the other hand, it requires a lot of work. In short, the second system is blockchain (at least in the financial scenario)

as mentioned above, blockchain is a decentralized transaction list. If I send Xiaoming two bitcoins, I will send a message to everyone in the network, saying "I am sending Xiaoming two bitcoins", and they will record the transaction<

bitcoin and blockchain

let's take bitcoin as an example to illustrate

bitcoin transaction

but the transaction must be verified. This is where blockchain technology has become a bit more complex. Each bitcoin wallet (which we will complete in one second) has a public and private key

you use your private key to send transaction requests to other members of the network and confirm that you have cryptocurrency in your account. If they do, they allow transactions to register on the ledger

the mechanism of public / private key system is very complex, but it comes down to that every transaction is verifiable and secure< However, the computing cost of the whole system is very high. Everyone who updates the ledger needs a lot of authority to validate transactions and modify the ledger. This is where mining comes in. People who verify and modify use their own computing resources, and each time they get a small transaction fee

and they're using a lot of electricity to do it

in this way, each transaction will be verified and added to the ledger, and the person who performs the verification and modification will be paid. This is a reasonable system

at the same time, it is also very safe. To change a single block, you have to change each subsequent block. After all this is done, validation will fail because other copies of the chain will show someone tampered with one

how to define blockchain is a difficult problem

although the mechanism behind blockchain technology is not always intuitive, it seems that it is not too difficult to explain what blockchain is. But what we're describing here is the traditional definition

we can use this special type of blockchain for a wide range of applications;, Such as cryptocurrency, sharing medical information, sending security messages and so on. But more blockchain like technologies are being developed for other uses

for example, companies may use internal blockchains to manage problem tracking in software. Each block in the chain may represent a problem, and users can publish updates to the network. But is this a blockchain? In this case, the ledger is not public, it is only visible within the company

some people will say that this is not a blockchain

other blockchain like technologies are not encrypted. Are they still blockchain? What if it's centrally managed but uses other blockchain features? What defines the lowest level of blockchain technology? There is no consensus on these issues

what is a blockchain wallet

we usually hear people talk about bitcoin wallets, Ethernet wallets and other cryptocurrency specific wallets. But wallet technology can be used in any system that uses blockchain

a wallet is the software or hardware that "saves" your cryptocurrency. But it doesn't really have anything, it's just a place to store public and private keys. This information allows you to access the currency shown in the public ledger

the wallet is the only record of the key. So if you lose it, you will no longer be able to access your cryptocurrency

in the future of blockchain, how will it change our lives

one important thing about blockchain is that it is a public resource and no one really owns it because everyone owns it

blockchain is more than science fiction. We don't need to understand the mechanism behind this technology, but you need to understand that it may completely change our lives in the next 20 years

that sounds bold, but remember, 20 years ago, we were browsing the Internet on Netscape, using the most advanced Motorola flip phone, and buying our first DVD player. At that time, if we imagined that the computer could be held in our hands, and that we could buy a car, pay for money and watch movies on it, it would be considered a fantasy

although the impact of blockchain may not be as obvious as the Internet or as tangible as mobile phones, blockchain will effectively solve many troubles in daily life. For example, intermediary entrapment, transaction delay and so on. In our present life, middlemen can be seen everywhere. We take it for granted that they are a part of our life. If one day, these intermediaries no longer exist, you will find that the world will become a different one

imagine that by 2040, blockchain may become a mature and widely used technology. One day, you can't do without blockchain, just as you can't do without the Internet now, you will be surprised that this decentralized accounting technology has become a part of your lifestyle<

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6.

because the library led by Facebook this time is mainly a virtual currency for mobile payment. Therefore, it is also considered as a challenge to the traditional financial instry in the United States . Because we know that the traditional financial instry in the United States uses credit cards for payment, but the virtual currency launched by Facebook is likely to have the most severe impact on the credit card system of the traditional financial instry in the United States. So it is also possible to break the monopoly on the U.S. financial instry. So this is good news for the whole society and the whole world

But we all know that as an American company, Facebook will first consider the interests of Americans, not the interests of the whole world. Therefore, it is impossible for the United Nations to make a very favorable decision at present

7. It is said that the homework of primary school students is worth 100W, and you bought it for 100W. If you sell it, you may earn money, but if you don't sell it, it's rubbish

8. I think it belongs to financial technology

9. In the field of Internet and games, blockchain is now a hot topic. Some people may even say that blockchain technology is the fifth disruptive innovation of computing paradigm after mainframe, personal computer, Internet and mobile Internet. It is difficult for us to determine what the future of blockchain will be like, but I firmly believe that the application of blockchain will be the development trend in the future.

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