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Analysis of the principle of minimum feasibility blockchain
Publish: 2021-05-19 06:12:15
1. blockchain does not belong to any instry. Blockchain is a new application mode of computer technology, such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm and so on. In a narrow sense, blockchain is a kind of chain data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential way according to the time sequence, and it is a distributed account book that can not be tampered with and forged by means of cryptography.
2.
In a narrow sense, blockchain is a kind of chain data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential way according to the time sequence, and it is a distributed account book that can not be tampered with and forged by means of cryptography
broadly speaking, blockchain technology is a new distributed infrastructure and computing method, which uses blockchain data structure to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithm to generate and update data, uses cryptography to ensure the security of data transmission and access, and uses intelligent contracts composed of automated script code to program and operate data
working principle
blockchain system is composed of data layer, network layer, consensus layer, incentive layer, contract layer and application layer. Among them, the data layer encapsulates the underlying data blocks and related basic data and algorithms such as data encryption and timestamp; The network layer includes distributed networking mechanism, data transmission mechanism and data verification mechanism; The consensus layer mainly encapsulates all kinds of consensus algorithms of network nodes; The incentive layer integrates economic factors into the blockchain technology system, mainly including the issuance mechanism and distribution mechanism of economic incentives; The contract layer mainly encapsulates all kinds of scripts, algorithms and smart contracts, which is the basis of the programmable characteristics of blockchain; The application layer encapsulates various application scenarios and cases of blockchain. In this model, chain block structure based on timestamp, consensus mechanism of distributed nodes, economic incentive based on consensus computing power and flexible and programmable smart contract are the most representative innovations of blockchain technology
3.
Seeing some answers to the debate on the definition of blockchain, I suddenly realize that my answer to this explanation principle has always been directed at bitcoin. There is no specific and unique answer in the instry between the definition of blockchain. Here I first summarize the characteristics of "blockchain" according to the papers I read:
1; Hash chain & quot There are several nodes participating in the system operation (distributed)
3. Reach a consensus on the consistency of basic data (consensus agreement / algorithm) through a certain protocol or algorithm
since bitcoin is currently one of the most typical and influential applications of blockchain, it will be much easier to understand how bitcoin uses blockchain before understanding other forms of blockchain applications
4. Blockchain is a technology, but it is not a single technology, but the result of the integration of a variety of technologies, including cryptography, mathematics, economics, network science and so on. You can think of it as a distributed shared accounting technology, or as a database, but the database is jointly maintained by all nodes in the chain, and each node has an account book. Because the account books of all nodes are consistent, different nodes can trust each other, and there is no doubt about the data, so we all say that the blockchain has realized trust technically. For detailed professional technology, you can consult some professional technology companies, such as Jinbo technology, which focuses on the development of blockchain related procts, professional R & D team and perfect after-sales service, and you can consult by telephone.
5. He was the first bitcoin underlying technology to realize the sharing mechanism of point-to-point transmission of distributed data storage, so as to achieve the transparency and security of transactions. For example, six degree chain is actively introcing this technology. I think it is quite reliable.
6. Under the background of Internet, when we need to exchange value with unfamiliar adversaries, how can we prevent people from being deceived and confused by malicious saboteurs, so as to make wrong decisions. Shengshi Huacai, our company's partner, is very good at blockchain. His family is a professional financial IT solution and technical service provider. You can contact them if you need
7. Blockchain games mainly refer to the blockchain applications in DAPP, which belong to the game category and need to interact with various blockchain public chains to a certain extent. Blockchain Games began to emerge in November of 17, with a very short history. Compared with mature games, the current playing method is quite simple. In the view of the instry, many games are even just a capital disk wrapped in the game coat
according to the classification of cryptogames, hot potato, Collectible transaction, spinach and Ponzi are the main game playing methods among the online blockchain games. The most popular games are hot potato games, including two popular games recently - cryptocelebrities and cryptocountries. There are 35 collections and transactions, ranking second, mainly represented by cryptokitties. Spinach and Ponzi are 17, ranking third, with etherroll and etheremon as the star procts
blockchain games also use a variety of themes, from cats, dogs, dragons, pigs and other animals to people, cars, countries, teams and so on
blockchain game 1.0 era
time: November to December 2017
main playing method: Collection + transaction
representative works: cryptokitties, cryptopunks
blockchain technology gives uniqueness to players' digital assets. This graally leads to the concept of NFT (non fungible tokens). The uniqueness and scarcity of people's assets in blockchain games will not change with the game itself. The concept was first applied by cryptopunks, which was launched by larva labs in June of 17. The system randomly generates 10000 punk avatars, which are put on Ethereum through smart contracts and distributed to players for free for trading
when axiom Zen studio added attributes, reproction and auction functions to NFT, cryptokitties was born. People can buy kittens with different attributes, breed with other cats, or sell their own cats through Dutch auction. Kittens with rare and unique genes are wildly sought after by people, and they get a high premium
people continue to develop on the basis of cryptokitties, adding accessories and combat functions, as well as gold digging, feeding, and looting
blockchain game 2.0 era
time: December 2017 to January 2018
main play method: Ponzi like
masterpiece: etheremon
at the beginning, etheremon's play method was very simple and crude. After a player bought a pet, as long as someone bought the same pet, the player could get a small part of eth reward. The game team quickly made a profit of about 2000 eth in a week. Then completely change the way of play, successfully transformed into a collection + combat game. This kind of Ponzi like game was quickly imitated by other manufacturers, and many imitators such as ethertanks and ethertanks appeared<
blockchain game 3.0 era
time: January 2018
main play method: fixed price, forced price hot potato mode
representative works: cryptocelebrities, cryptocountries
players buy encryption celebrities (Nakamoto, musk, etc.) and encryption countries (Japan, the United States, etc.), e to the uniqueness of assets, Subsequent players can only buy from asset owners at a higher price. The price is forced to rise, and the platform earns part of the price difference. At present, the country with the highest price is Japan, about 700 eth, and the most expensive celebrity is Elon Musk, who is worth about 200 eth
blockchain game 4.0 era
time: February 2018
main playing methods: combination of multiple mechanisms
representative works: world.mycollect, cryptocities
in the game, multi-level sales and sharing, player exploration (randomness), lottery, resource uniqueness and other playing methods are adopted. In cryptocities, for example, players can buy countries, continents and the world to "conquer.". The player who conquers the world can get 1% of the transaction volume of the continent and the country, and the player who conquers the continent can get 1% of the transaction volume of the country. In the future, players who conquer the country can get 1% of the transaction value of their subordinate cities. When exploring a new city, players have a chance to explore gems and get eth rewards
at the same time, spinach games also emerged. The high transparency of blockchains makes it easier for them to gain the trust of investors. The more famous ones are etheroll and vdice. They play simply and rudely. Players spend a certain amount of eth to bet on a certain number. When the number randomly generated by the system is less than that number, they can get profits
in addition, there are RPG (ethercraft), battle games (etherbots) and binary (ethermeng king), etc
2
advantages and disadvantages of blockchain games
throughout these successful cases, we find that blockchain games do have unique advantages:
high degree of trust: trust is quickly established through open source contracts, the use process is completely transparent, and the information is completely symmetrical. Fairness: data can not be tampered with and rules will never change. Assets belong to indivial players: Players' assets will not be lost with the decline of the game. Strong community attribute: blockchain itself has strong transaction and community attributes
of course, the current blockchain game is also in its infancy, with obvious disadvantages:
unable to interact in time: there are uncertain waiting time and congestion in blockchain transactions, so it is difficult to form timely interaction between players. The cost of sending instructions is high: every time the instructions are sent, gas will be consumed, while the price of eth still makes the cost of gas relatively high. Immature development environment: at present, Ethereum's virtual machine and programming language solidness are the most mature development environment in many public chains. But compared with other popular languages, it is still very immature
3
Gamification will boost the implementation of blockchain
in traditional desktop online games, manufacturers constantly encourage new players, leading to inflation, and the real value of all assets of a game account is often far lower than the players' investment. After the emergence of mobile games, the mode of props binding account and account binding ID card soon became popular. This also makes once the player decides to leave a game, he must give up all the virtual assets in the game. The emergence and continuous maturity of blockchain technology will make the decentralized formulation of game rules and decentralized storage of virtual assets technically feasible. The convenience of virtual assets on the chain also makes the blockchain easier to land in the game scene
cryptogames believes that the development direction of blockchain games, or the development direction of classic games (like basketball, football and chess, once the rules are determined, they will last forever), It must be "decentralized":
the rules are determined by the players through negotiation, and the players supervise each other to ensure that the game is carried out according to the rules. All the props used in the game are owned by the players themselves. If someone breaks the rules or is not happy with the game, they can go away directly. There is no centralized organizer in the game itself.
the popularity of cryptokitties has greatly promoted private wallet, Blockchain game, as an early application of blockchain, has rapidly promoted the popularity of blockchain. Similarly, the use of game development experience and game design concept to develop a game
according to the classification of cryptogames, hot potato, Collectible transaction, spinach and Ponzi are the main game playing methods among the online blockchain games. The most popular games are hot potato games, including two popular games recently - cryptocelebrities and cryptocountries. There are 35 collections and transactions, ranking second, mainly represented by cryptokitties. Spinach and Ponzi are 17, ranking third, with etherroll and etheremon as the star procts
blockchain games also use a variety of themes, from cats, dogs, dragons, pigs and other animals to people, cars, countries, teams and so on
blockchain game 1.0 era
time: November to December 2017
main playing method: Collection + transaction
representative works: cryptokitties, cryptopunks
blockchain technology gives uniqueness to players' digital assets. This graally leads to the concept of NFT (non fungible tokens). The uniqueness and scarcity of people's assets in blockchain games will not change with the game itself. The concept was first applied by cryptopunks, which was launched by larva labs in June of 17. The system randomly generates 10000 punk avatars, which are put on Ethereum through smart contracts and distributed to players for free for trading
when axiom Zen studio added attributes, reproction and auction functions to NFT, cryptokitties was born. People can buy kittens with different attributes, breed with other cats, or sell their own cats through Dutch auction. Kittens with rare and unique genes are wildly sought after by people, and they get a high premium
people continue to develop on the basis of cryptokitties, adding accessories and combat functions, as well as gold digging, feeding, and looting
blockchain game 2.0 era
time: December 2017 to January 2018
main play method: Ponzi like
masterpiece: etheremon
at the beginning, etheremon's play method was very simple and crude. After a player bought a pet, as long as someone bought the same pet, the player could get a small part of eth reward. The game team quickly made a profit of about 2000 eth in a week. Then completely change the way of play, successfully transformed into a collection + combat game. This kind of Ponzi like game was quickly imitated by other manufacturers, and many imitators such as ethertanks and ethertanks appeared<
blockchain game 3.0 era
time: January 2018
main play method: fixed price, forced price hot potato mode
representative works: cryptocelebrities, cryptocountries
players buy encryption celebrities (Nakamoto, musk, etc.) and encryption countries (Japan, the United States, etc.), e to the uniqueness of assets, Subsequent players can only buy from asset owners at a higher price. The price is forced to rise, and the platform earns part of the price difference. At present, the country with the highest price is Japan, about 700 eth, and the most expensive celebrity is Elon Musk, who is worth about 200 eth
blockchain game 4.0 era
time: February 2018
main playing methods: combination of multiple mechanisms
representative works: world.mycollect, cryptocities
in the game, multi-level sales and sharing, player exploration (randomness), lottery, resource uniqueness and other playing methods are adopted. In cryptocities, for example, players can buy countries, continents and the world to "conquer.". The player who conquers the world can get 1% of the transaction volume of the continent and the country, and the player who conquers the continent can get 1% of the transaction volume of the country. In the future, players who conquer the country can get 1% of the transaction value of their subordinate cities. When exploring a new city, players have a chance to explore gems and get eth rewards
at the same time, spinach games also emerged. The high transparency of blockchains makes it easier for them to gain the trust of investors. The more famous ones are etheroll and vdice. They play simply and rudely. Players spend a certain amount of eth to bet on a certain number. When the number randomly generated by the system is less than that number, they can get profits
in addition, there are RPG (ethercraft), battle games (etherbots) and binary (ethermeng king), etc
2
advantages and disadvantages of blockchain games
throughout these successful cases, we find that blockchain games do have unique advantages:
high degree of trust: trust is quickly established through open source contracts, the use process is completely transparent, and the information is completely symmetrical. Fairness: data can not be tampered with and rules will never change. Assets belong to indivial players: Players' assets will not be lost with the decline of the game. Strong community attribute: blockchain itself has strong transaction and community attributes
of course, the current blockchain game is also in its infancy, with obvious disadvantages:
unable to interact in time: there are uncertain waiting time and congestion in blockchain transactions, so it is difficult to form timely interaction between players. The cost of sending instructions is high: every time the instructions are sent, gas will be consumed, while the price of eth still makes the cost of gas relatively high. Immature development environment: at present, Ethereum's virtual machine and programming language solidness are the most mature development environment in many public chains. But compared with other popular languages, it is still very immature
3
Gamification will boost the implementation of blockchain
in traditional desktop online games, manufacturers constantly encourage new players, leading to inflation, and the real value of all assets of a game account is often far lower than the players' investment. After the emergence of mobile games, the mode of props binding account and account binding ID card soon became popular. This also makes once the player decides to leave a game, he must give up all the virtual assets in the game. The emergence and continuous maturity of blockchain technology will make the decentralized formulation of game rules and decentralized storage of virtual assets technically feasible. The convenience of virtual assets on the chain also makes the blockchain easier to land in the game scene
cryptogames believes that the development direction of blockchain games, or the development direction of classic games (like basketball, football and chess, once the rules are determined, they will last forever), It must be "decentralized":
the rules are determined by the players through negotiation, and the players supervise each other to ensure that the game is carried out according to the rules. All the props used in the game are owned by the players themselves. If someone breaks the rules or is not happy with the game, they can go away directly. There is no centralized organizer in the game itself.
the popularity of cryptokitties has greatly promoted private wallet, Blockchain game, as an early application of blockchain, has rapidly promoted the popularity of blockchain. Similarly, the use of game development experience and game design concept to develop a game
8.
What kind of blockchain technology is popular recently? Blockchain technology is considered to be the brightest star in financial technology, and it may continue to develop in the future. It has many characteristics, including data distribution, data trust and collective consensus mechanism, and most importantly, openness, transparency, anonymity and privacy, According to the data in the blockchain, we can get some basic information of contemporary society
blockchain technology is such a safe and scientific database. It can be simply understood as an authoritative database, in which the basic content is true, verified and audited by others. In terms of financial technology, it is very easy to find some desired data, which is very good for business people
9. To understand the principle of blockchain thoroughly, we must understand it systematically from its birth and development, so as to distinguish the principle of blockchain more clearly from multiple perspectives. Block chain technology refers to the technical solution of collective maintenance of a reliable database in a centralized way in the past. In this technical scheme, blocks are associated by cryptography. Each data block contains all the data information of the system in a certain period of time, and generates a digital signature to verify the validity of the information, and links to the next data block to form a main chain< br />
Block is a record in the blockchain, which contains and confirms the transactions to be processed< br />
mining refers to the formation of new blocks through calculation. It is a process in which the supporters of the transaction use their own computer hardware to do mathematical calculation for the network to confirm the transaction and improve the security. Take bitcoin as an example: the transaction supporter (miner) runs bitcoin software on the computer and constantly calculates the complex cryptography problems provided by the software to ensure the transaction. As a reward for their service, miners can get the Commission included in the transaction they confirm, as well as the newly created bitcoin< br />
Peer to peer network is a system that allows a single node to interact directly with other nodes, so that the whole system can operate like an organized collective. Take bitcoin: the network is built in such a way that each user is spreading the transactions of other users. And importantly, banks or other financial institutions are not required as third parties< br />
Hash is a classical technology in cryptography, which transforms the input of any length into the output of fixed length composed of letters and numbers through Hassi algorithm< br />
Digital signature is a mathematical mechanism that allows people to prove ownership< br />
Private key is a secret data block that proves that you have the right to consume e-money from a specific wallet. It is realized by digital signature< br />
Dual consumption refers to the user's illegal attempt to pay e-money to two different payees at the same time, which is one of the biggest risks of e-money< br />
?< br />
The origin of blockchain: an underlying technology supporting bitcoin
The concept of blockchain was first proposed in bitcoin: a peer-to-peer electronic cash system by Satoshi Nakamoto in late 2008. In this paper, block chain technology is the basic technology to build bitcoin data structure and transaction information encryption transmission, which realizes the mining and transaction of bitcoin. Nakamoto believes that: first, the mode of using third-party organizations to process information has the inherent weakness of lack of trust between points. In order to guard against their customers, businesses will ask customers for completely unnecessary information, but still can not avoid certain fraud; Second, the existence of intermediaries increases the transaction cost and limits the practical minimum transaction scale; Third, digital signature itself can solve the problem of e-money identity. If the third party support is needed to prevent double consumption, the system will lose value. Based on the above three existing problems, Nakamoto Cong has created bitcoin on the basis of blockchain technology< br />
On January 3, 2009, Nakamoto proced the first bitcoin block in the world, genesis block, and excavated 50 bitcoins< br />
On May 21, 2010, Florida programmers bought $25 worth of pizza coupons with 10000 bitcoin, which gave birth to the first fair exchange rate of bitcoin< br />
In July 2010, the first bitcoin platform was established, with a surge in new users and prices< br />
In February 2011, the price of bitcoin reached US $1 for the first time. Since then, exchange trading platforms with British pound, Brazilian real and Polish zloty have opened< br />
In 2012, ripple released that as a digital currency, it uses blockchain to transfer foreign exchange of various countries< br />
In 2013, bitcoin soared. The U.S. Treasury Department has issued the regulations on the personal management of virtual currency to clarify the definition of virtual currency for the first time< br />
In 2014, the mining machinery instry chain represented by China became more and more mature. In the same year, the U.S. it community realized the cross era innovation significance of blockchain in the digital field< br />
In 2015, the US Nasdaq Stock Exchange launched LINQ, a digital ledger technology based on blockchain, to record trading and issue stocks
the principle of blockchain can be understood clearly from each application case, and the application of blockchain principle is becoming more and more popular. Recently, Citigroup, Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, UBS and Deutsche Bank will also apply "blockchain" technology to build a fast, convenient and efficient blockchain Low cost trading system. In addition to the financial field, blockchain technology has also begun to be applied to the protection of intellectual property rights, notarization by lawyers, online games and other fields where there is a need for transparent information disclosure and permanent records.
Block is a record in the blockchain, which contains and confirms the transactions to be processed< br />
mining refers to the formation of new blocks through calculation. It is a process in which the supporters of the transaction use their own computer hardware to do mathematical calculation for the network to confirm the transaction and improve the security. Take bitcoin as an example: the transaction supporter (miner) runs bitcoin software on the computer and constantly calculates the complex cryptography problems provided by the software to ensure the transaction. As a reward for their service, miners can get the Commission included in the transaction they confirm, as well as the newly created bitcoin< br />
Peer to peer network is a system that allows a single node to interact directly with other nodes, so that the whole system can operate like an organized collective. Take bitcoin: the network is built in such a way that each user is spreading the transactions of other users. And importantly, banks or other financial institutions are not required as third parties< br />
Hash is a classical technology in cryptography, which transforms the input of any length into the output of fixed length composed of letters and numbers through Hassi algorithm< br />
Digital signature is a mathematical mechanism that allows people to prove ownership< br />
Private key is a secret data block that proves that you have the right to consume e-money from a specific wallet. It is realized by digital signature< br />
Dual consumption refers to the user's illegal attempt to pay e-money to two different payees at the same time, which is one of the biggest risks of e-money< br />
?< br />
The origin of blockchain: an underlying technology supporting bitcoin
The concept of blockchain was first proposed in bitcoin: a peer-to-peer electronic cash system by Satoshi Nakamoto in late 2008. In this paper, block chain technology is the basic technology to build bitcoin data structure and transaction information encryption transmission, which realizes the mining and transaction of bitcoin. Nakamoto believes that: first, the mode of using third-party organizations to process information has the inherent weakness of lack of trust between points. In order to guard against their customers, businesses will ask customers for completely unnecessary information, but still can not avoid certain fraud; Second, the existence of intermediaries increases the transaction cost and limits the practical minimum transaction scale; Third, digital signature itself can solve the problem of e-money identity. If the third party support is needed to prevent double consumption, the system will lose value. Based on the above three existing problems, Nakamoto Cong has created bitcoin on the basis of blockchain technology< br />
On January 3, 2009, Nakamoto proced the first bitcoin block in the world, genesis block, and excavated 50 bitcoins< br />
On May 21, 2010, Florida programmers bought $25 worth of pizza coupons with 10000 bitcoin, which gave birth to the first fair exchange rate of bitcoin< br />
In July 2010, the first bitcoin platform was established, with a surge in new users and prices< br />
In February 2011, the price of bitcoin reached US $1 for the first time. Since then, exchange trading platforms with British pound, Brazilian real and Polish zloty have opened< br />
In 2012, ripple released that as a digital currency, it uses blockchain to transfer foreign exchange of various countries< br />
In 2013, bitcoin soared. The U.S. Treasury Department has issued the regulations on the personal management of virtual currency to clarify the definition of virtual currency for the first time< br />
In 2014, the mining machinery instry chain represented by China became more and more mature. In the same year, the U.S. it community realized the cross era innovation significance of blockchain in the digital field< br />
In 2015, the US Nasdaq Stock Exchange launched LINQ, a digital ledger technology based on blockchain, to record trading and issue stocks
the principle of blockchain can be understood clearly from each application case, and the application of blockchain principle is becoming more and more popular. Recently, Citigroup, Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, UBS and Deutsche Bank will also apply "blockchain" technology to build a fast, convenient and efficient blockchain Low cost trading system. In addition to the financial field, blockchain technology has also begun to be applied to the protection of intellectual property rights, notarization by lawyers, online games and other fields where there is a need for transparent information disclosure and permanent records.
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