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Blockchain anti deep forgery Technology
Publish: 2021-05-18 16:10:22
1. First of all, we can take a look at the official website explanation of blockchain technology. In a narrow sense, blockchain is a kind of chain data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential way according to the time sequence, and it is a distributed account book that can not be tampered with and forged by means of cryptography
broadly speaking, blockchain technology is a new distributed infrastructure and computing paradigm, which uses blockchain data structure to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithm to generate and update data, uses cryptography to ensure the security of data transmission and access, and uses intelligent contract composed of automated script code to program and operate data
as we all know, blockchain technology is an independent underlying architecture from bitcoin system. From the perspective of architecture model, it is a set of distributed ledger, which is naturally used for bookkeeping
in the blockchain technology, if you want to generate accounting records, you need to have the transaction and flow of funds. Therefore, in the initial blockchain technology, the cryptocurrency corresponding to the main network is used as circulation goods, and the circulation transaction records of cryptocurrency between the accounts of the main network of the blockchain will be recorded on the main network
different from other transaction record databases, transaction records on the main network of blockchain technology will be recorded on all block nodes (i.e. all data blocks) in the main network, which is the so-called decentralization principle. That is to say, in blockchain technology, there is no central database to store all records, Every block on the chain has the transaction data of the whole chain, that is to say, every data block is the center
another feature of blockchain technology is that it can't be tampered with, because every transaction on the blockchain will be recorded in all blocks on the chain, so no single data block can change the record. Even if you change it, all other data blocks will also record real data, and each group of data can be traced back to the first time
because of these characteristics of blockchain technology, after the advent of bitcoin, blockchain has also attracted a lot of attention, and many people also began to want to use blockchain technology to make a centerless, traceable and unchangeable data, so as to ensure the credibility of the data
however, blockchain technology also faces many problems, such as single application scenario, non modifiable original error data, non recoverable currency stolen by hackers, etc.
broadly speaking, blockchain technology is a new distributed infrastructure and computing paradigm, which uses blockchain data structure to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithm to generate and update data, uses cryptography to ensure the security of data transmission and access, and uses intelligent contract composed of automated script code to program and operate data
as we all know, blockchain technology is an independent underlying architecture from bitcoin system. From the perspective of architecture model, it is a set of distributed ledger, which is naturally used for bookkeeping
in the blockchain technology, if you want to generate accounting records, you need to have the transaction and flow of funds. Therefore, in the initial blockchain technology, the cryptocurrency corresponding to the main network is used as circulation goods, and the circulation transaction records of cryptocurrency between the accounts of the main network of the blockchain will be recorded on the main network
different from other transaction record databases, transaction records on the main network of blockchain technology will be recorded on all block nodes (i.e. all data blocks) in the main network, which is the so-called decentralization principle. That is to say, in blockchain technology, there is no central database to store all records, Every block on the chain has the transaction data of the whole chain, that is to say, every data block is the center
another feature of blockchain technology is that it can't be tampered with, because every transaction on the blockchain will be recorded in all blocks on the chain, so no single data block can change the record. Even if you change it, all other data blocks will also record real data, and each group of data can be traced back to the first time
because of these characteristics of blockchain technology, after the advent of bitcoin, blockchain has also attracted a lot of attention, and many people also began to want to use blockchain technology to make a centerless, traceable and unchangeable data, so as to ensure the credibility of the data
however, blockchain technology also faces many problems, such as single application scenario, non modifiable original error data, non recoverable currency stolen by hackers, etc.
2.
Blockchain is an important concept of bitcoin. It is essentially a disintermediated database. At the same time, as the underlying technology of bitcoin, it is a series of data blocks generated by using cryptographic methods. Each data block contains the information of a bitcoin network transaction, which is used to verify the effectiveness of its information (anti-counterfeiting) and generate the next block
blockchain is a new application mode of distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm and other computer technologies
in a narrow sense, blockchain is a kind of chain data structure that combines data blocks in a sequential way according to the time sequence, and it can not be tampered with and forged by cryptography
broadly speaking, blockchain technology uses blockchain data structure to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithm to generate and update data, and uses cryptography to ensure the security of data transmission and access It is a new distributed infrastructure and computing method to program and operate data by using intelligent contract composed of automated script code
extended data:
the evolution mode of blockchain is as follows:
& 9642; Blockchain 1.0 - digital currency
▪ Blockchain 2.0 - digital assets and smart contracts
▪ Blockchain 3.0 - Implementation of distributed applications in various instries
blockchain features:
1. Disintermediation. Due to the use of Distributed Accounting and storage, there is no centralized hardware or management organization in the system, the rights and obligations of any node are equal, and the data blocks in the system are jointly maintained by the nodes with maintenance function in the whole system
2. Openness. The system is open. In addition to the private information of all parties to the transaction is encrypted, the data of the blockchain is open to all. Anyone can query the blockchain data and develop related applications through the open interface, so the information of the whole system is highly transparent
3. Autonomy. Blockchain adopts consensus based specifications and Protocols (such as a set of open and transparent algorithms) to enable all nodes in the whole system to exchange data freely and safely in a de trusted environment, so that the trust in "people" is changed into the trust in machines, and any human intervention does not work
The information can not be tampered with. Once the information is verified and added to the blockchain, it will be stored permanently. Unless more than 51% of the nodes in the system can be controlled at the same time, the modification of the database on a single node is invalid. Therefore, the data stability and reliability of the blockchain are extremely high5. Anonymity. Because the exchange between nodes follows a fixed algorithm, the data interaction does not need to be trusted (the program rules in the blockchain will judge whether the activity is effective). Therefore, the counterparties do not need to make the other party trust themselves by disclosing their identities, which is very helpful for the accumulation of credit
3. Introction to seven core technologies of blockchain operation on January 15, 2018
1. Blockchain links
as the name suggests, blockchain is a chain composed of blocks. Each block is divided into block head and block body (including transaction data). The block head includes the prevhash value (also known as hash value) of the previous block used to realize the block link and the random number (nonce) used to calculate the mining difficulty. The hash value of the previous block is actually the hash value of the head of the previous block, and the random number calculation rule determines which miner can obtain the right to record the block
2. Consensus mechanism
blockchain is accompanied by the birth of bitcoin, which is the basic technology architecture of bitcoin. Blockchain can be understood as an Internet-based decentralized accounting system. A decentralized digital currency system like bitcoin requires the consistency of accounting of honest nodes without a central node, which needs blockchain to complete. Therefore, the core of blockchain technology is a consensus mechanism to reach a consensus on the legitimacy of transactions between indivials without mutual trust without central control
there are four main types of consensus mechanisms in blockchain: pow, POS, dpos and distributed consistency algorithm
3. Unlocking script
script is an important technology to realize automatic verification and contract execution on blockchain. Every output of every transaction does not point to an address in the strict sense, but to a script. A script is like a set of rules that constrain how the receiver can spend the asset locked on the output
the validation of transactions also depends on scripts. At present, it depends on two kinds of scripts: Lock script and unlock script. Locking script is a condition added to the output transaction, which is realized by a script language and located in the output of the transaction. The unlocking script corresponds to the locking script. Only when the conditions required by the locking script are met can the assets corresponding to the script be spent, which is located in the input of the transaction. Many flexible conditions can be expressed by script language. Interpretation script is similar to the "virtual machine" in our programming field, which runs in every node of the blockchain network in a distributed way
4. Transaction rules
blockchain transaction is not only the basic unit of a block, but also the actual effective content recorded by the blockchain. A blockchain transaction can be a transfer, or the deployment of smart contracts and other transactions
as far as bitcoin is concerned, a transaction refers to a single payment transfer. The transaction rules are as follows:
1) the input and output of the transaction cannot be empty
2) for each input of a transaction, if its corresponding utxo output can be found in the current transaction pool, the transaction will be rejected. Because the current transaction pool is the transaction not recorded in the blockchain, and each input of the transaction should come from the confirmed utxo. If it is found in the current trading pool, it is Shuanghua trading
3) for each input in a transaction, the corresponding output must be utxo
4) each input unlocking script must verify the compliance of the transaction together with the corresponding output locking script
5. Transaction priority
the priority of blockchain transaction is determined by the blockchain protocol rules. For bitcoin, the priority of a transaction to be included in a block is determined by the time when the transaction is broadcast to the network and the amount of the transaction. With the increase of transaction broadcast time on the network and the increase of transaction chain age, the priority of transaction will be improved and eventually be included by the block. For Ethereum, the priority of the transaction is also related to the transaction fee that the publisher is willing to pay. The higher the transaction fee that the publisher is willing to pay, the higher the priority that the transaction is included in the block
6. Merkle proof
the original application of Merkle proof is bitcoin, which was described and created by Satoshi Nakamoto in 2009. Bitcoin blockchain uses Merkle proof to store transactions in each block. So that the transaction can not be tampered with, but also easy to verify whether the transaction is included in a specific block
7. RLP
RLP (recursive length prefix) is one of the main encoding methods of object serialization in Ethereum. Its purpose is to encode the sequence of arbitrary nested binary data.
1. Blockchain links
as the name suggests, blockchain is a chain composed of blocks. Each block is divided into block head and block body (including transaction data). The block head includes the prevhash value (also known as hash value) of the previous block used to realize the block link and the random number (nonce) used to calculate the mining difficulty. The hash value of the previous block is actually the hash value of the head of the previous block, and the random number calculation rule determines which miner can obtain the right to record the block
2. Consensus mechanism
blockchain is accompanied by the birth of bitcoin, which is the basic technology architecture of bitcoin. Blockchain can be understood as an Internet-based decentralized accounting system. A decentralized digital currency system like bitcoin requires the consistency of accounting of honest nodes without a central node, which needs blockchain to complete. Therefore, the core of blockchain technology is a consensus mechanism to reach a consensus on the legitimacy of transactions between indivials without mutual trust without central control
there are four main types of consensus mechanisms in blockchain: pow, POS, dpos and distributed consistency algorithm
3. Unlocking script
script is an important technology to realize automatic verification and contract execution on blockchain. Every output of every transaction does not point to an address in the strict sense, but to a script. A script is like a set of rules that constrain how the receiver can spend the asset locked on the output
the validation of transactions also depends on scripts. At present, it depends on two kinds of scripts: Lock script and unlock script. Locking script is a condition added to the output transaction, which is realized by a script language and located in the output of the transaction. The unlocking script corresponds to the locking script. Only when the conditions required by the locking script are met can the assets corresponding to the script be spent, which is located in the input of the transaction. Many flexible conditions can be expressed by script language. Interpretation script is similar to the "virtual machine" in our programming field, which runs in every node of the blockchain network in a distributed way
4. Transaction rules
blockchain transaction is not only the basic unit of a block, but also the actual effective content recorded by the blockchain. A blockchain transaction can be a transfer, or the deployment of smart contracts and other transactions
as far as bitcoin is concerned, a transaction refers to a single payment transfer. The transaction rules are as follows:
1) the input and output of the transaction cannot be empty
2) for each input of a transaction, if its corresponding utxo output can be found in the current transaction pool, the transaction will be rejected. Because the current transaction pool is the transaction not recorded in the blockchain, and each input of the transaction should come from the confirmed utxo. If it is found in the current trading pool, it is Shuanghua trading
3) for each input in a transaction, the corresponding output must be utxo
4) each input unlocking script must verify the compliance of the transaction together with the corresponding output locking script
5. Transaction priority
the priority of blockchain transaction is determined by the blockchain protocol rules. For bitcoin, the priority of a transaction to be included in a block is determined by the time when the transaction is broadcast to the network and the amount of the transaction. With the increase of transaction broadcast time on the network and the increase of transaction chain age, the priority of transaction will be improved and eventually be included by the block. For Ethereum, the priority of the transaction is also related to the transaction fee that the publisher is willing to pay. The higher the transaction fee that the publisher is willing to pay, the higher the priority that the transaction is included in the block
6. Merkle proof
the original application of Merkle proof is bitcoin, which was described and created by Satoshi Nakamoto in 2009. Bitcoin blockchain uses Merkle proof to store transactions in each block. So that the transaction can not be tampered with, but also easy to verify whether the transaction is included in a specific block
7. RLP
RLP (recursive length prefix) is one of the main encoding methods of object serialization in Ethereum. Its purpose is to encode the sequence of arbitrary nested binary data.
4. Compared with the past, various anti-counterfeiting technologies have been adopted in commodity traceability, but the results are not satisfactory. Using the traceability of blockchain technology, through the deep combination of logistics management, commodity anti-counterfeiting, commodity traceability, manufacturing management, instry collaboration and other fields, the traceability and security of commodities are increased. Cipher finance mimacaijing focuses on blockchain information.
5. Anti counterfeiting traceability through the traditional two-dimensional code technology has been able to solve the problem, the pain is that the anti-counterfeiting data stored in the central structure, easy to tamper with, credibility is not strong. It happens that the characteristics of blockchain are very consistent with anti-counterfeiting traceability. Let's review the four characteristics of blockchain application
four characteristics of blockchain application:
first, decentralization: blockchain consists of many nodes to form an end-to-end network, and there is no centralized equipment and management organization
Second, tamper proof: the modification of the database by a single node or even multiple nodes cannot affect the database of other nodes, unless more than 51% of the nodes in the whole network can be controlled to modify at the same time, which is almost impossible
Third, transaction transparency: the operation rules of the blockchain are open and transparent, and all the data information is also open, Each transaction is visible to all nodes
4. Traceability: each transaction in the blockchain is connected with two adjacent blocks by password method, so it can trace back to the origin and development of any transaction.
four characteristics of blockchain application:
first, decentralization: blockchain consists of many nodes to form an end-to-end network, and there is no centralized equipment and management organization
Second, tamper proof: the modification of the database by a single node or even multiple nodes cannot affect the database of other nodes, unless more than 51% of the nodes in the whole network can be controlled to modify at the same time, which is almost impossible
Third, transaction transparency: the operation rules of the blockchain are open and transparent, and all the data information is also open, Each transaction is visible to all nodes
4. Traceability: each transaction in the blockchain is connected with two adjacent blocks by password method, so it can trace back to the origin and development of any transaction.
6. Ignore is directly added to the panel, and ultimately participate in the damage settlement
that is, the panel physical attack = {(weapon physical attack power + physical attack power enchant + double attack left slot + pet and all kinds of buff basic attack power bonus) x (1 + Weapon Mastery ratio)} x (1 + power) ÷ 250) + ignore physical attack 2]
actual attack settlement = basic attack ×[ 1 + (self is strong - monster is anti) ÷ 220] x skill percentage x monster physical defense damage rection x physical attack class increase rate + ignore attack x skill percentage x physical attack class increase rate X map forced damage rection
that is, the panel physical attack = {(weapon physical attack power + physical attack power enchant + double attack left slot + pet and all kinds of buff basic attack power bonus) x (1 + Weapon Mastery ratio)} x (1 + power) ÷ 250) + ignore physical attack 2]
actual attack settlement = basic attack ×[ 1 + (self is strong - monster is anti) ÷ 220] x skill percentage x monster physical defense damage rection x physical attack class increase rate + ignore attack x skill percentage x physical attack class increase rate X map forced damage rection
7. Player 1: s key to put the hook, W key to throw explosives
player 2: key to put the hook, W key to throw explosives.
player 2: key to put the hook, W key to throw explosives.
8. Jinwowo analyzes the security of data when using blockchain Technology: blockchain technology is a kind of technology that supports decentralization in a trustless network environment
it can ensure the security of the communication network of the application system running on the chain by means of digital signature, and use hash chain technology to ensure that the written data can not be changed.
it can ensure the security of the communication network of the application system running on the chain by means of digital signature, and use hash chain technology to ensure that the written data can not be changed.
9. When it comes to blockchain, we have to talk about bitcoin. Most people in the market begin to recognize bitcoin through its market influence, because bitcoin was born on the basis of blockchain technology. Blockchain is simply an innovative application mode of distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm and other computer technologies. Applying this technology to the transaction of virtual currency can make each transaction proce a corresponding data block, so as to ensure the authenticity of information. The biggest advantage is that it cannot be forged, It solves the trust problem in data transaction environment
of course, as blockchain technology becomes more and more mature and stable, it will be more and more applied in various real instry business scenarios, including finance, social communication, Internet of things, e-commerce, games and securities trading, For example, our project of "intelligent system for ecological chain of structural hole investment and financing" is the first innovative application of this technology in the field of investment and financing. However, from the purely technical level, the main purpose of blockchain is to ensure the safety of data operation, which is the biggest advantage of this technology. So what is the relationship between blockchain technology and virtual currency? Take bitcoin as an example. Bitcoin is a virtual currency based on blockchain technology and proced through a large number of algorithms. Due to its special algorithm and the anti-counterfeiting function of blockchain technology, the total number of bitcoin will remain unchanged at 21 million. It is precisely because things are rare that bitcoin is loved by many people
so why are there a lot of virtual currency scams under the banner of blockchain in the market today? This is because these so-called innovative application companies of blockchain issue virtual currencies. Although they claim that the number of virtual currencies is very limited in the market promotion, and they can make investors earn a price difference by raising the price through currency speculation, in essence, the issuance of their virtual currencies is controlled by their companies and can be changed according to their own wishes and needs, The purpose is to make illegal profits. In the market, many investors who don't know the truth are cheated because they lack the knowledge of financial investment. They are in the spirit of speculation to earn profit. Once they are put in, these so-called virtual currencies will be manipulated by the company in the background, resulting in the loss of money. When investors enter into such a game, they often change from the original intention of speculation to gambling. When they buy at a high price and see that the price continues to fall, they will naturally make up their positions and make additional investment when there is a rebound. In this way, they are repeatedly cleaned up and cut leeks. Finally, they sink deeper and deeper and lose their property. It is precisely because the price is controlled by the company, Therefore, these companies make huge profits, even beyond the imagination of ordinary people. What we want to say about this market phenomenon is that it is not the fault of blockchain technology itself, but that it is caused by some illegal people in the market who stealthily changed the concept, took advantage of people's lack of professional knowledge of blockchain technology and financial investment, and grasped the psychology of greed for wealth< br />
the existence of these black sheep in the market confuses the public and disturbs the market. As a result, the innovative application of business scenarios based on blockchain technology has brought serious practical obstacles to the healthy development of social economy and value creation of entrepreneurial and innovative projects, such as the "structural hole investment and Financing Ecological Chain Intelligent System" project, In fact, it is based on the innovative application of blockchain + AI + OKR and other technologies in the investment and financing ecological business scenario, and redefines the investment and financing business model. The purpose is to provide enabling services for the three groups of project parties, resource providers and investors in the ecological chain to create value and fulfill value transactions, so as to significantly improve the success rate of investment and financing for the three groups of customers, without issuing virtual currency, Without manipulating the price of the virtual money market, it is a good project for the healthy development of the social economy, which is also affected. It is really painful and difficult, but it has nothing to do, and it can only bear the hardships silently. Today's view is: blockchain fraud is guilty, and blockchain technology cannot be innocent.
of course, as blockchain technology becomes more and more mature and stable, it will be more and more applied in various real instry business scenarios, including finance, social communication, Internet of things, e-commerce, games and securities trading, For example, our project of "intelligent system for ecological chain of structural hole investment and financing" is the first innovative application of this technology in the field of investment and financing. However, from the purely technical level, the main purpose of blockchain is to ensure the safety of data operation, which is the biggest advantage of this technology. So what is the relationship between blockchain technology and virtual currency? Take bitcoin as an example. Bitcoin is a virtual currency based on blockchain technology and proced through a large number of algorithms. Due to its special algorithm and the anti-counterfeiting function of blockchain technology, the total number of bitcoin will remain unchanged at 21 million. It is precisely because things are rare that bitcoin is loved by many people
so why are there a lot of virtual currency scams under the banner of blockchain in the market today? This is because these so-called innovative application companies of blockchain issue virtual currencies. Although they claim that the number of virtual currencies is very limited in the market promotion, and they can make investors earn a price difference by raising the price through currency speculation, in essence, the issuance of their virtual currencies is controlled by their companies and can be changed according to their own wishes and needs, The purpose is to make illegal profits. In the market, many investors who don't know the truth are cheated because they lack the knowledge of financial investment. They are in the spirit of speculation to earn profit. Once they are put in, these so-called virtual currencies will be manipulated by the company in the background, resulting in the loss of money. When investors enter into such a game, they often change from the original intention of speculation to gambling. When they buy at a high price and see that the price continues to fall, they will naturally make up their positions and make additional investment when there is a rebound. In this way, they are repeatedly cleaned up and cut leeks. Finally, they sink deeper and deeper and lose their property. It is precisely because the price is controlled by the company, Therefore, these companies make huge profits, even beyond the imagination of ordinary people. What we want to say about this market phenomenon is that it is not the fault of blockchain technology itself, but that it is caused by some illegal people in the market who stealthily changed the concept, took advantage of people's lack of professional knowledge of blockchain technology and financial investment, and grasped the psychology of greed for wealth< br />
the existence of these black sheep in the market confuses the public and disturbs the market. As a result, the innovative application of business scenarios based on blockchain technology has brought serious practical obstacles to the healthy development of social economy and value creation of entrepreneurial and innovative projects, such as the "structural hole investment and Financing Ecological Chain Intelligent System" project, In fact, it is based on the innovative application of blockchain + AI + OKR and other technologies in the investment and financing ecological business scenario, and redefines the investment and financing business model. The purpose is to provide enabling services for the three groups of project parties, resource providers and investors in the ecological chain to create value and fulfill value transactions, so as to significantly improve the success rate of investment and financing for the three groups of customers, without issuing virtual currency, Without manipulating the price of the virtual money market, it is a good project for the healthy development of the social economy, which is also affected. It is really painful and difficult, but it has nothing to do, and it can only bear the hardships silently. Today's view is: blockchain fraud is guilty, and blockchain technology cannot be innocent.
10. There is a misunderstanding here. We all think that the technology is advanced and difficult to understand. It is difficult for us to understand the technology of non professional technicians, let alone use it to judge whether a project is worth investing or not. In fact, the technology is not so difficult to understand. The underlying technology of the blockchain is more of a kind of mathematical logic, which takes time to understand. However, it does not need the programming foundation, and ordinary investors can understand it. We can all make value investment by looking at technology.
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