Digital Expo blockchain benchmarking

1.

If you want to understand the application of blockchain, you can refer to many books and opinions, such as illustrated blockchain, blockchain: reshaping the economy and the world, blueprint and guide of new economy, and articles of coin'an community, including a detailed understanding of the platform of coin'an community, with great strength

As the name suggests, blockchain is composed of block and chain. It is a new application mode of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm and so on. It is a kind of chain data structure that combines data blocks in order according to the time sequence, and it is a secure and reliable distributed account book that can not be tampered with and forged by means of cryptography

in 2008, in his paper bitcoin: a peer-to-peer e-cash system published by Nakamoto, he first proposed the idea of blockchain and encrypted digital currency. Starting from bitcoin, blockchain has become the underlying technology of various digital currencies

Second, the working principle of blockchain:

1. The basic concepts include: (1) transaction: one operation will change the account status once, such as adding a record 2) Block: records the transaction and status data within a specified time, which is a consensus and preservation of the current account status 3) Chain: it is composed of a series of blocks in chronological order, which is the log record of the whole state change. If you understand the working concept of blockchain, it is not difficult to understand its working principle. Suppose there is a distributed data logbook, which can only be added, not deleted or changed. Its structure is a linear chain formed by a series of "blocks" (which is also the source of the name of "blockchain"), and new data must be put into a new block to be added, The maintenance node can propose a new block, but it must go through a certain consensus mechanism to reach an agreement on the final selected block

2. Take bitcoin as an example to see the working principle of blockchain

the block of bitcoin is divided into block head and block body

Core advantages and characteristics of blockchain

1. The verification, accounting, storage, maintenance and transmission of decentralized blockchain data are all based on distributed system structure. There is no centralized hardware or management organization, and the rights and obligations of any node are equal, The data blocks in the system are jointly maintained by the nodes with maintenance function in the whole system. 2. The open and transparent system is open. In addition to the private information of all parties to the transaction is encrypted, the data of the blockchain is open to all. Anyone can query the blockchain data and develop related applications through the open interface, so the information of the whole system is highly transparent. 3. Security blockchain uses consensus based specifications and Protocols (such as a set of open and transparent algorithms) to enable all nodes in the whole system to exchange data freely and safely in a de trusted environment, so that the trust in "people" is changed into the trust in machines, and any human intervention does not work. 4. Information cannot be tampered with. Once the information is verified and added to the blockchain, it will be stored permanently. Unless more than 51% (almost impossible) nodes in the system can be controlled at the same time, the modification of the database on a single node is invalid. Therefore, the data stability and reliability of the blockchain are extremely high. 5. Anonymity because the exchange between nodes follows a fixed algorithm, and its data interaction does not need trust (the program rules in the blockchain will judge whether the activity is effective or not). Therefore, the counterparties do not need to let the counterparties generate their own trust by disclosing their identities, which is very helpful for credit accumulation

At present, the most popular classification of blockchain is to divide blockchain into public blockchain, private blockchain and consortium blockchain according to different participants

1. Public chain: anyone can participate in the use and maintenance, and can obtain the effective confirmation of the blockchain. Public chain is the earliest blockchain and the most widely used blockchain at present, such as bitcoin blockchain. The information is completely public

if the licensing mechanism is introced, it includes private chain and alliance chain. 2. Private chain: a company or indivial only uses the blockchain technology, enjoys the exclusive write permission of the blockchain, and does not disclose the information. At present, conservative giants (traditional finance) want to experiment with private blockchain, and the application procts of private blockchain are still groping. 3. Alliance chain: it is a blockchain between the public chain and the existing chain, which is jointly controlled by multiple organizations. The use of the chain is managed with authority, which can be controlled by the manager, and also open to others according to the manager's wishes. In addition, according to the different use scenarios and purposes of blockchain, it can be divided into currency chain for the purpose of digital currency, property chain for the purpose of recording property rights, and crowdfunding chain for the purpose of crowdfunding

On May 28, Ma Huateng, CEO of Tencent, proposed the anti-counterfeiting method based on cloud integrated blockchain technology, which is far more efficient than traditional anti-counterfeiting methods. The future anti-counterfeiting verification scenario may only require users to use their mobile phones for simple scanning, and a large number of complete information based on different dimensions can be obtained

take Maotai liquor as an example:

distillery address, proction workshop, operation staff, inspector, delivery time, transportation vehicle information and driver information,

liquor year, raw material source, raw material supplier, storage warehouse number, raw material transportation vehicle and driver information,

all information can be accurately traced, permanently recorded and tampered with

the above information can be easily verified

2. Food safety issues as early as last November, Wal Mart has cooperated with IBM to track the source of food by using blockchain technology, so as to ensure the safety of food and increase the circulation of food to rece costs. For Wal Mart and other large supermarkets, it took a few days to investigate the source of problem food, After using this technology, only one item of proct information is needed to achieve accurate traceability, and important information such as food origin, inspector, supplier, logistics and transportation can quickly find problems in a few minutes. Currently, procts tracked by blockchain include packaging procts from the United States and pork from China

3. Information security

blockchain technology is promoting an information security technology revolution. (1) identity protection PKI is a common public key encryption technology in e-mail, message application, website and other communication applications. However, since the implementation of most PKI, the centralized trusted third party certification authority (CA) is used to issue, activate and store user certificates. Hackers can attack PKI to fake user identity or crack encrypted information

certcoin is the first PKI implementation of blockchain, which comes from MIT, removes the centralized authentication center, and uses blockchain as a distributed ledger for domain name and public key

pomcor company: blockchain PKI implementation path: keep the authentication center, and use blockchain to store the hash value of issued and activated certificates. Users can verify the authenticity of certificates through decentralized and transparent sources, and can also improve the network access performance through local authentication of secret key and signature based on blockchain

(2) data integrity protection

guardtime developed a secret key free signature architecture (Ksi) based on blockchain technology to replace the secret key based data authentication technology. Ksi stores the hash table of the original data and files on the blockchain, runs the hash algorithm to verify other copies, and compares the results with the data stored in the blockchain. Any data tampering will be found quickly because the original hash table is stored in millions of nodes

(3) key infrastructure protection

the "Achilles heel" of the Internet, DDoS has entered the TB era, DDoS is still the simplest weapon for hackers to bring down the big target with low cost, DNS service is the primary target for hackers to carry out large-scale destruction, but blockchain technology is expected to fundamentally solve the problem

The distributed storage of

blockchain makes hacker attacks lose focus. Nebulis is developing a distributed DNS system, which uses Ethereum blockchain and interstellar Internet file system (IPFs, the distributed substitute of HTTP) to register and resolve domain names. The biggest weakness of DNS is caching, which makes DDoS attacks possible. It is also the bane of the centralized government's censorship of social networks and manipulation of DNS registration. A highly transparent and distributed DNS system can effectively prevent any entity, including the government, from arbitrarily manipulating records

(1) digital currency: improve the convenience of currency issuance and use, such as bitcoin and Ethernet in foreign countries, and guorenbao in China

from the use of physical transactions, to physical currency and credit currency, and then to the rise of bitcoin network, more and more people are aware of the distributed ledger blockchain technology behind it, and graally apply it in many scenarios other than digital currency

(2) cross border payment and settlement: realize point-to-point transaction, rece intermediate fees

transfer and payment. At present, the most mature application of blockchain technology is payment and transfer. Blockchain technology can avoid complicated systems, save the process of inter-bank reconciliation and review, and accelerate the settlement speed; Virtual currency can rece transaction costs without the intervention of clearing house. Different countries have different clearing proceres. It takes two or three days for a single remittance to arrive, which is inefficient and accounts for a large proportion of funds in transit. No longer through the third party, through the blockchain technology to form point-to-point payment. By eliminating the link of the third-party institutions, we can make full day payment, real-time payment, withdraw cash quickly and rece the hidden cost, which helps to avoid the capital risk. It is timely and convenient

(3) bills and supply chain financial business: rece human intervention, rece costs and operational risks

value transfer between point-to-point, control and verify physical bills or central system; Intermediaries will be eliminated and human intervention reced. With the improvement of efficiency, financing channels are more unblocked, risks are lower, and multiple parties benefit

(4) securities issuance and Trading: realize quasi real-time asset transfer, accelerate the speed of transaction clearing

the application of blockchain technology can make the process of securities trading more concise, transparent and fast, rece the plication of IT system, and improve the efficiency of market operation. For stocks, blockchain can eliminate paper and pen or electronic form records, rece human errors in trading, and improve the transparency and traceability of trading platform. Citigroup and Nasdaq cooperate to promote blockchain applications

(5) customer credit investigation and anti fraud: rece the cost of legal compliance, prevent financial crimes

the customer information and transaction records recorded in the blockchain help banks identify abnormal transactions and effectively prevent fraud. The technical characteristics of blockchain can change the existing credit reference system, and store the data of customers with bad records in the blockchain when the bank concts "know your customer" (KYC)

equity crowdfunding:

2.

Ma Huateng: blockchain, line; ICO, no way

at the two sessions, Ma Huateng said that the topic of blockchain has been very hot recently, and even some people teased that the Internet before blockchain was "classical Internet". Although blockchain technology is innovative, how to make good use of this technology is another problem

in Ma Huateng's view, blockchain technology can be applied in many fields, especially in the aspect of the uniqueness of digital authentication objects. Just like a file or bill in reality, blockchain technology can be used to ensure that they cannot be copied or tampered with. Compared with traditional IT technology in the past, blockchain has epoch-making significance in truly simulating the uniqueness of documents and receipts in real society

Ma Huateng thinks that there are still many risks in doing digital currency ICO. "If everyone can issue digital currency freely with blockchain technology, it will cause a lot of regulatory problems," he said

for example, the golden red envelope project in the 2017 Spring Festival internal test is Tencent's attempt to record users' digital assets with blockchain technology. In addition, Tencent also uses blockchain technology to rece the problem of information asymmetry

in addition to finance and public welfare, Tencent also reached a cooperation with Intel in September 2017, announcing that both sides will jointly develop blockchain technology to improve the security protection capability in the Internet of things scenario

3.

This is two different concepts. According to different standards, blockchain can be classified into three categories:

& # 8195&# 8195; 1) According to the network scope of blockchain, it can be divided into public chain, private chain and alliance chain

 &# 8195; 2) According to the docking type of blockchain, it is divided into single chain, side chain and interconnection chain

 &# 8195; 3) According to the display environment of blockchain deployment, it can be divided into main chain and test chain

the main chain can be understood as a formal online and independent blockchain network, while the public chain refers to a blockchain that can be read by anyone, can send transactions and can be effectively confirmed by anyone, and can participate in its consensus process

4. Blockchain is a public account book. You can't say that your natural gas and chopsticks violate the law, because they are just tools
Chinese Mahjong: the world's earliest blockchain project
first of all, a initiates an application. I want to play mahjong and set up a mahjong Bureau, which is equivalent to creating a block, and this block will be broadcast to B, C, D, a, B, C, C, C, C, C, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D D...
in the process of playing mahjong, the above four people constantly play cards, which can be understood as mining, through what to mine? Mahjong machine can understand the mineralization machine. These four miners are the so-called miners. These four miners collide from 144 mahjong, and any right card can be Hu card. We can understand the 144 mahjong as a series of hash values (numbers). The process of Hu card is called computational power. Until Hu card, it means that the right hash value is collided and you can get a reward, Each person will pay the corresponding chips to C and put them in the blockchain. The reward is bitcoin or other virtual coins
Why do the other three people take the initiative to reward C? That's because these people have automatically reached a consensus that C has indeed won, and everyone has recorded the account, including the family members who are sitting next to buy horses. It's not good to deny it, otherwise when it comes out that the character is not good, no one will play with him again. After all, the circle is very important
when we reached a consensus, we didn't see any intermediary or third party judging that C had won, and the rewards given to C didn't need to be transferred to C through the third party. All of them were direct point-to-point transactions. This process was decentralization. The card players (miners) recorded their own achievements in the first game, and the third team won the first game, After the record is completed, a complete block is generated. But remember, this is only the first round. In the whole blockchain, this is just a node. The first eight rounds are finished, that is, eight nodes (blocks). Eight blocks are connected together to form a complete account book, which is the blockchain. Because everyone has one account book, it is a distributed account book. The purpose is to prevent someone from tampering with records. In the end, it is clear who wins or loses.

5. During September 4-7, 2019, CIOE will hold relevant meetings. The following is an introction to the 2018 Asia Pacific blockchain and artificial intelligence Innovation Forum exhibition last year. I believe that the exhibition in 2019 will be more professional and breakthrough
APCA (Asia Pacific cloud application alliance) and bcai (Asia Pacific blockchain and artificial intelligence innovation and Application Research Institute) will jointly hold the "2018 Asia Pacific blockchain and artificial intelligence Innovation Forum (Shenzhen)" in the conference hall of hall 3 of Shenzhen Convention and Exhibition Center on the afternoon of September 6, 2018 (Thursday)

blockchain block chain is considered to be the fourth generation of disruptive core technology after steam engine, electric power and Internet. As a machine for building trust, blockchain will completely change the way of value transmission of the whole human society, making the information internet a value Internet

blockchain is of revolutionary significance. It will reshape the fulcrum of the world economy. Because it uses decentralized disruptive technology, it can "reshape instry services and business architecture". As the most popular vocabulary, blockchain technology has rapidly gathered the high focus of the government, science and technology and financial circles

in 2016, the Chinese government wrote "artificial intelligence and blockchain" into the 13th five year plan, and blockchain technology was listed in the National Informatization Plan of the Chinese government for the first time. At the present stage, AI and blockchain technology are paid more and more attention by government agencies and international organizations. In 2018, artificial intelligence will affect our lives in a tangible way. In 2018, artificial intelligence will become the mainstream and begin to influence all aspects of our lives in a truly ubiquitous and meaningful way

in order to further promote the innovative application and development of blockchain technology and artificial intelligence technology, let blockchain technology serve the real instry and digital economy, further promote the instrialization process of blockchain technology and artificial intelligence technology, and serve the public entrepreneurship and innovation, APCA and bcai will invite BC and AI experts from Silicon Valley, Singapore, Hong Kong, Tokyo, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen as well as manufacturers of excellent technologies, procts and solutions to participate in this forum, The forum will exchange and introce the relevant innovative applications and development trends with the participants, so as to help enterprises better participate in the field of blockchain applications and artificial intelligence applications and obtain greater development opportunities. At the same time, interpret the pitfalls and opportunities in the application, and help enterprises realize the marketization and digital capitalization of blockchain technology and artificial intelligence technology procts
nowadays, the innovative application of blockchain is a great force. It can provide a trust tool to expand the global business opportunities of enterprises
nowadays, the innovative application of artificial intelligence is an outlet, which can provide an intelligent service and facilitate people's work and life
when blockchain 3.0 / 4.0 comes, are you still hesitating and waiting
when neural network computing is applied, you haven't got on the bus yet

the future has come, are you here?

6. Master yuan, the father of Xia Zongchang and Yuan Shaoyun, invited master Daonan to send a female cotton demon in front of him to lure him to live, suck his essence Yang, and he was found out; He also manipulated clay figurines and paper men with magic to kill and defeat them. Yu Sheng finds master Daonan and subes him. When he learns the truth, he vows to fight to death to defeat yuan Shaoyun.

7. In the future value transmission network based on blockchain, it is far from enough to build a trust foundation entirely with algorithms and software, and it also needs standards to enhance the trust of blockchain. The formulation of standards is absolutely inseparable from the participation of official departments. Changsha high tech Zone has built a SMIC blockchain service platform project to integrate blockchain with public services, so that offices and enterprises can be linked to form a blockchain alliance. Companies interested in understanding can go to have a look.

8. It seems that it's far away from us. In fact, it's very close to our daily life. During the digital Expo, the company of Shanghai wangchain technology demonstrated their blockchain system, which can record every link of an agricultural proct, such as rice, from sowing, to maturity, to sales, to marketing through the blockchain, and each link can't be changed. Customers can know how they buy their own goods through their mobile phones. Open and transparent.

9.

Around the "aggregation, communication and utilization" of data, the 2018 digital Expo will focus on displaying the latest application achievements of nearly 400 enterprises around the world in terms of artificial intelligence, blockchain, social governance, instrial innovation, smart city, sharing economy, integration of big data and real economy, data security, etc., focusing on big data collection, storage, integration, management The most advanced technology in application

ring the 2018 digital Expo, a series of personalized activities will be held to show the new ideas, new developments, new practices, new achievements, new policies and new formats of big data, so as to better promote the integration and application development of big data and real economy, big data and social governance, big data and people's life. Embassies of the United States, the United Kingdom, Italy, India and other countries in China, as well as world-famous enterprises and institutions will hold various theme activities such as "new development of big data technology", "big data practice achievements", "big data journey" and "series of achievements release"

10.

On May 29, 2018 China international big data instry expo was successfully concluded in Guizhou. The Fair successfully attracted 199 investment projects with an amount of 35.28 billion yuan, with more than 120000 visitors, reaching a new record in scale

I learned the above news from the press conference of China international big data instry expo held on the same day. The annual theme of the fair is "integration of intelligence of all things, integration of intelligence of all things", focusing on "two sessions, one exhibition, one competition and a series of activities in the same period". The fair held a total of opening (closing) ceremonies, 8 high-end dialogues, 65 professional forums, 40 achievements release, 81 investment promotion, 278 business inspection and other activities, with 199 investment projects and 35.28 billion yuan, More than 120000 people attended the exhibition, 388 enterprises and institutions at home and abroad, with an exhibition area of 60000 square meters

In addition, the big data theory is more fruitful. For the first time, the conference released white paper 2018 on digital economy and digital governance, digital China, blockchain plus enabling digital economy, China's Digital Valley: big data leading green rise, block data 4.0: activating Data Science in the era of artificial intelligence, big data Blue Book: China's big data development report No.2, and case series of excellent procts and application solutions of big data And other big data frontier research works. For the first time, it released the 2018 city data security index jointly researched by 360 Key Laboratory of data security and other units, the number forest index jointly researched by Fudan University and other units, and also released the "China digital economy index 2018 white paper". The first batch of 15 national standards for instrial poverty alleviation released at the big data precision poverty alleviation Standardization Forum on May 25 marked the transformation of the forum from discussing cutting-edge topics and publishing the latest theoretical achievements to occupying the strategic highland of standards

"through the continuous implementation of the big data strategic action and the successful holding of the fourth digital Expo, the big data instry in Guizhou Province has flourished, and remarkable achievements have been made in the political, commercial and civil use of big data, which has profoundly affected all fields of economic and social development and injected strong impetus into high-quality development." At the press conference, Chen Yan, director of the Executive Committee of the 2018 China international big data instry expo, deputy secretary of Guiyang municipal Party committee and mayor of Guiyang municipal government, said that in the four years of ideological collision and concept baptism of the Expo, the consensus reached by all sectors of the society on data fusion is of great significance to unify thinking, gather strength, promote big data strategic action in depth, and realize digital instrialization and instrial digitization, Promoting high-quality economic and social development has laid a solid ideological foundation

source: People's Daily - Guizhou channel