Misunderstanding of blockchain

1. According to the current talent demand in the blockchain field, it can be roughly divided into the following categories:
1. Build a distributed ledger application based on DLT technology to realize the business requirements of customers on DLT. At present, the more famous one in this field is REBO. So what does DLT mean? Just look at what REBO is doing
2. Develop your own application on the existing public chain. At present, most companies are doing this. This category is also characterized by low threshold, high business potential and low risk
3. Companies develop their own public chains, which have the greatest potential in the future, but also have the highest risks and technical difficulties
4. Blockchain ecological infrastructure. For example, mobile wallet, hardware cold wallet, trading platform, blockchain content platform and so on are the blockchain instries with the highest commercial profits at present. Relatively speaking, the threshold is low and the risk is low, but there are many competitors
if we start from technology, what languages and knowledge do we need to learn
for the first class, go language is necessary, because DLT is mainly based on go language, and it also needs to master certain application development ability, because it must be a piece of software rather than a bunch of command-line source programs delivered to customers. For the second category, the mainstream of smart contract is the solidness language of Ethereum smart contract, so if you want to enter the second category of enterprises, you need to start with Ethereum. The third type of public chain development, the mainstream is C + + and go, but there are also many famous projects are implemented in trust, such as: Facebook's Libra, fire coin's nervos and so on. In fact, the fourth category has little to do with blockchain technology, because development such as trading platform does not need blockchain technology
in addition to the above technical hard power, blockchain companies prefer "slash youth", that is, talents who master multi field knowledge at the same time, which can be divided into three categories: finance and blockchain, content operation and blockchain, community operation and blockchain. Among them, the third kind of talents is the rarest, because most technical talents are not good at communication and exchange. However, e to its distributed characteristics, blockchain especially needs the joint efforts of the community to create and maintain a chain
in the end, many people mistakenly think that blockchain is a brand new instry, and that blockchain is totally different from traditional fields. This is actually a big mistake. From what has been written above, you can also find that in the end, blockchain still needs to solve the actual needs in reality. The only difference is that the tools to solve the needs have changed, so don't think that only knowing blockchain can kill all sides, It is very important to have the basic knowledge of the requirement field
the application fields of blockchain include digital currency, token, finance, anti-counterfeiting traceability, privacy protection, supply chain, entertainment, etc. with the popularity of blockchain and bitcoin, many related top domain names have been registered, which has a great impact on the domain name instry.

2.

Blockchain is a new technology, not a disguised form of MLM. It is just claimed by many MLM organizations as "blockchain". In fact, there is no technology. It's just a practice of MLM under the name of "blockchain". The state has issued several announcements to crack down on this kind of MLM. The following is the Xinhua news report on MLM of blockchain:

blockchain is not equal to virtual currency, but also has security risks. Behind the popularity, there is exaggeration with "ulterior motives". Only by removing the flashiness, can the blockchain return to its real application value

invest 80000 yuan, change to 800000 yuan after three months? Shenzhen police cracked a huge fund-raising fraud. Under the guise of blockchain concept and 10 times income, thousands of investors were deeply involved in the case, involving up to 307 million yuan. Under the "veil of mystery" of the blockchain, the illegal elements have taken advantage of their own tricks, and the blockchain has become a "signboard" of economic crimes such as fraud and pyramid selling

why is the blockchain repeatedly "misused" by illegal activities such as pyramid selling fraud? In addition to "unknown", what is the "function" of blockchain technology itself? Since the beginning of this year, with the increase of supervision and the cooling of currency speculation, new opportunities have been brought to the development of blockchain. How about the implementation of blockchain commercial "application" The reporter of outlook news weekly recently concted an investigation

when the three-month "capital release period" promised by the trading platform expired and the staff began to "kick" in the QQ group, Tang Haiyan, who lives in Bao'an District of Shenzhen City, realized that she might have been cheated

previously, Tang Haiyan invested 80000 yuan to buy a virtual currency called "ordinary silver coin" under the introction of her classmates“ The other side said that this currency is the most advanced blockchain technology at present, with Tibetan tea as collateral. He also showed me the "technical white paper". I didn't understand blockchain, so I didn't read it carefully. "

although she doesn't know about blockchain and virtual currency, the high investment income makes Tang Haiyan full of expectations. She told reporters that companies issuing "ordinary silver coins" will regularly split the virtual currency according to the ratio of 1:10, which means that each split will make the value of "ordinary silver coins" in the hands of investors expand 10 times. As long as after a split, her investment of 80000 yuan is equivalent to the purchase of 800000 yuan worth of "ordinary silver coins", which can be sold on the trading platform to obtain huge profits

according to the rules of the trading platform, the newly purchased "ordinary silver coin" cannot be traded immediately, and it must be frozen on the platform for three months before it can enter the "release period". However, after three months, not only did Tang Haiyan not wait for the assets to double, but the 80000 yuan frozen on the platform could not be used for trading

"other investors began to question the authenticity of this investment in QQ group. As a result, the staff of the company kicked these investors out one by one, which made me feel bad." She said

The fact also proves Tang HaiYan's intuition. At the end of March 2018, Shenzhen police detected a huge fund-raising fraud, with the amount of fraud funds as high as 307 million yuan. In this case, Shenzhen Puyin blockchain Group Co., Ltd. involved in the case issued virtual currency in the mode of "blockchain + Tibetan tea" to obtain public deposits. Tang Haiyan was one of the thousands of victims

Shenzhen police investigation found that the company claimed that investors could buy and sell "ordinary silver coins" on the virtual trading platform "jucoin net" to earn a price difference

. In fact, the change of its trading price is that the company used investors' investment funds for behind the scenes operation, and once raised the price of "ordinary silver coin" from 0.5 yuan to 10 yuan, so that investors can taste some sweetness. When a large number of investors entered the market, the company continued to cash out through malicious manipulation of the price trend of "ordinary silver coin", which eventually led to the worthlessness of "ordinary silver coin" in the hands of investors

since 2018, engaging in fraud and pyramid selling under the banner of blockchain has become a common "routine" in new criminal tactics. In April 2018, Jinan police dropped a pyramid selling Gang under the guise of "western development", "national poverty alleviation", "original stocks", "blockchain" and "e-commerce", arrested more than 10 major suspects, frozen more than 100 accounts involved, and seized more than 300 million yuan of funds involved

according to Jinan police, huileyi e-commerce company designed a fake virtual disk on the Internet on the ground that the country is vigorously developing the big data instry, and released a variety of virtual currencies such as "precious currency" and "precious currency"

under the guise of giving away, they presented a certain amount of virtual currency to the New MLM staff, with the price of tens of yuan each. Then, through artificial manipulation, they appreciated the virtual currency all the way to more than 100 yuan or even hundreds of yuan, attracting people who did not know the truth to join. Finally, they "cut leeks" through the periodic fluctuation of the so-called "devaluation" of virtual currency, Finally, the purpose of seeking illegal interests is achieved

in Xi'an, a few days ago, the local police successfully cracked a huge network pyramid selling case under the banner of blockchain. According to the police, the suspect, Zheng Mou, has paid a high salary to the 9 network members, such as Zhang and Lee. Since March 28, 2018, he has gathered pyramid selling and network pyramid selling as a means to sell the virtual Datang coins at the consumption era network platform at the price of 3 yuan each, and manipulate the appreciation rate; p>

at the same time, promotion meetings were held in many cities at home and abroad to attract members. According to the development of members, 28 level agents were set up. In just 18 days, the gang developed more than 13000 registered members. At present, it has been found that the case involves 31 provinces, cities and autonomous regions in China, and the fund involved is as high as 86 million yuan

according to Tencent's 2017 pyramid selling situation awareness white paper released by Tencent security joint laboratory, in recent years, all kinds of overseas capital disk, virtual currency and ICO (initial public offering token financing of blockchain project) projects have emerged in an endless stream, which hide many risks such as illegal issuance, untrue projects, cross-border money laundering, fraud and pyramid selling, As a result, a large number of funds flow overseas. Once the market collapses, runs away or loses contact, investors often have no way to complain and the losses are difficult to recover. For example, Baichuan coin, mark coin, beta coin, dark coin, etc

the reporter of lookout Newsweek interviewed in Guangdong, Shandong, Shanghai and other places and learned that most people know that the concept of blockchain is very popular, but they "don't know where it is", and there are different opinions on the specific functions of blockchain: some people think it is used for "investment and financing", "buying and selling currency", while others think it is "a major invention of the same magnitude as the steam engine", Some entrepreneurs are even more eager to seize this "once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to get rich."

many people in the instry said that it is precisely because people have many misunderstandings about blockchain that criminals have opportunities to fish in troubled waters and mislead investors

First, blockchain is not equal to virtual currency. By the end of last year, the number of domestic ICO participants and the total volume of transactions have doubled, a large number of digital currency exchanges have fled overseas, and the agent investment mode has involved more ordinary people in high-risk investment

in many instries, we media and celebrities form interest alliances with issuers and digital exchanges to endorse and create public opinion for the "air currency" project. In December last year, nine departments including the people's Bank of China identified ICO as "suspected of illegal fund-raising, financial fraud, pyramid selling and other illegal and criminal activities"

in the interview, many people told our reporter that the existence of token has built a set of rights and interests mechanism for the development of blockchain technology, which is indispensable for stimulating the prosperity of blockchain applications“ The market practice in the past five years has proved that blockchain applications without equity mechanism are just like market economy without computers connected to the Internet and money, with greatly reced application scenarios and development speed. " An investor in Shanghai said

in fact, the token represented by bitcoin is only one of the earliest procts to verify the blockchain technology, and the two can not be equated, and the existence of token has obviously negative effects on the development of blockchain

Xiao Wei, chief engineer of network blockchain, told this reporter that the myth of ICO's sudden wealth shakes the R & D concentration of blockchain technical talents, and the myth of "sudden wealth" with hundreds of times of return tests the patience of blockchain technical R & D talents“ Many of the "comrades in arms" in the circle who used to do research and development of blockchain technology have gone to issue coins, and now few of them can insist on doing research and development and application of technology. "

Xu zewei, Secretary of the Party committee of Beijing Internet Finance Instry Association, said that under the background of China's ban on ICO, many domestic start-ups promoting blockchain applications are "selling dog meat with sheep's pawn" and financing through concept packaging of worthless tokens“ ICO has polluted the good atmosphere of innovation and entrepreneurship, and created a kind of speculative proct. Many young people are not thinking about entrepreneurship, but are thinking about issuing money, which makes us have the illusion of getting rich overnight. "

at present, more and more people in the instry begin to think about whether the development of blockchain must rely on the issuance of tokens to achieve incentives. Guo Dagang, Secretary General of Beijing Internet Finance Instry Association, told this reporter that the so-called incentive mechanism is only the theoretical basis for the project party to issue tokens for itself. Huo Xuewen, director of Beijing Municipal Bureau of financial work, also believes that if blockchain does not get rid of the dilemma of issuing currency, it will never find a legal landing mechanism

secondly, blockchain is not omnipotent and its security is at risk. Blockchain is generally considered to achieve three functions:

first, the data stored on the blockchain can not be tampered or forged, and the data has high credibility and credibility; Second, the whole process of the transaction can be traced, which can achieve accurate responsibility tracking; Third, the embedded smart contract in the blockchain can be executed automatically based on the contract, so as to improve work efficiency and rece the risk of default. It is generally believed that blockchain has broad application prospects in finance, logistics, trade and other fields

in fact, blockchain is not omnipotent, and its function has many limitations. It is generally believed that, according to the characteristics of cryptography, in order to tamper or falsify in the blockchain, more than 51% of the nodes need to be controlled in theory. When there are enough nodes in the blockchain, it is difficult to tamper with the trust creation mechanism widely participated by the public

However, in reality, digital currency exchanges are frequently attacked or even stolen. On June 20, 2018, bithumb exchange of South Korea announced on its official website that the exchange had been attacked by hackers and stolen 35 billion won, about 32 million US dollars of cryptocurrency

Ji Xinhua, known as the first generation of "hackers" in China, said that the blockchain will continue to face attacks, and the process of uploading data to the blockchain is prone to information leakage. Some people in the instry worry that once the super computing power of quantum computing is realized, it will also have a direct impact on the blockchain

Zhao Yao, a special researcher of the Institute of finance of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, told this reporter that the academic community has confirmed as early as 2013 that the blockchain is not perfect and there are many "cheating" strategies. As long as there are enough economic incentives, controlling attacks of more than 51% nodes does not only exist in theory

Zeng Guang, Secretary General of Shenzhen Internet Finance Association, said that the blockchain technology itself does not have the ability to do so

3. Blockchain is a public account book. You can't say that your natural gas and chopsticks violate the law, because they are just tools
Chinese Mahjong: the world's earliest blockchain project
first of all, a initiates an application. I want to play mahjong and set up a mahjong Bureau, which is equivalent to creating a block, and this block will be broadcast to B, C, D, a, B, C, C, C, C, C, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D, D D...
in the process of playing mahjong, the above four people constantly play cards, which can be understood as mining, through what to mine? Mahjong machine can understand the mineralization machine. These four miners are the so-called miners. These four miners collide from 144 mahjong, and any right card can be Hu card. We can understand the 144 mahjong as a series of hash values (numbers). The process of Hu card is called computational power. Until Hu card, it means that the right hash value is collided and you can get a reward, Each person will pay the corresponding chips to C and put them in the blockchain. The reward is bitcoin or other virtual coins
Why do the other three people take the initiative to reward C? That's because these people have automatically reached a consensus that C has indeed won, and everyone has recorded the account, including the family members who are sitting next to buy horses. It's not good to deny it, otherwise when it comes out that the character is not good, no one will play with him again. After all, the circle is very important
when we reached a consensus, we didn't see any intermediary or third party judging that C had won, and the rewards given to C didn't need to be transferred to C through the third party. All of them were direct point-to-point transactions. This process was decentralization. The card players (miners) recorded their own achievements in the first game, and the third team won the first game, After the record is completed, a complete block is generated. But remember, this is only the first round. In the whole blockchain, this is just a node. The first eight rounds are finished, that is, eight nodes (blocks). Eight blocks are connected together to form a complete account book, which is the blockchain. Because everyone has one account book, it is a distributed account book. The purpose is to prevent someone from tampering with records. In the end, it is clear who wins or loses.

4.

At exchange: a few mistakes about bitcoin, do you know

bitcoin, in a way never seen before, has an impact on the field of financial services. Whether in a bear market or a bull market, it has always been an old topic

because the underlying technology of bitcoin has been blockchain for ten years, and the technology content is high, many people do not understand it well, thus forming many misunderstandings

misconception 1: bitcoin is too expensive, a few tens of thousands of yuan, just wait and see, too expensive to buy

in most people's cognition, bitcoin can only be bought whole, which isolates those who want to invest in bitcoin. But in fact, bitcoin is divisible, and the minimum transaction unit is 0.00000001. That is to say, you can buy bitcoin for 100 or 200 yuan

in the future, with the improvement of people's acceptance and recognition of bitcoin, as well as the expansion of application, the price of bitcoin will also rise

misconception 2: the government can not regulate, which is beyond the scope of legal jurisdiction

in the early days, bitcoin was the hard currency of the underground drug market, with a transaction volume of millions of dollars each time, and there was a black market nicknamed "Silk Road"

However, at the beginning of the emergence of new technologies, it is always difficult to have written laws to regulate them, such as the beginning of computer and network applications. But in the end, these new technologies will graally come under the jurisdiction of the law

at present, bitcoin trading has been regulated in the specific legal provisions of New York State and other states in the United States. In 2014, the IRS recognized bitcoin as taxable property, and the securities and Exchange Commission has recently carried out strong supervision on it, so it is absolutely a misunderstanding that bitcoin is not subject to legal constraints. China and Japan have also begun to actively write laws and regulations related to virtual currency

misconception 3: bitcoin mining is too difficult, mining machine is a waste of resources

bitcoin mining is an energy intensive process. Because of its decentralized nature, no one knows the exact amount of electricity consumed by this process, but at any given moment, it could be billions of watts, roughly equivalent to the output of large-scale power stations such as the Hoover Dam

However, if we compare these with the management cost of currency, we can see some problems. Although the current currency does not seem to consume much energy, the cost of protection is not taken into account. For example, the security personnel employed by the bank usually just look at the customers and "waste" a lot of money and manpower, not to mention the towering buildings of the bank and the huge price paid for the safe payment system. However, if there is no security system, theft will damage the entire financial system, so this operation mode is not a waste

misconception 4: users of bitcoin are anonymous, and law enforcement agencies are traceless.

Nakamoto Tsung, the founder of bitcoin, claims that bitcoin can protect users' privacy, because most bitcoin software will create a unique pseudonym for each trader; Because of its anonymity, outsiders can not easily grasp the identity of donors

in fact, most users will leave a written record when they trade bitcoin in exchange for legal currency, and the user's identity is recorded in the transaction service with good reputation. Therefore, if the law enforcement agencies really want to trace, there are traces to follow

to sum up, bitcoin is a digital currency based on blockchain technology. As an emerging technology, it has unlimited application potential. This kind of decentralized application without government credit endorsement may achieve information transparency, security and efficiency. However, hacker attacks occur frequently. It seems that only when technology progress and supervision are in place can blockchain technology be applied globally and truly convenient to all aspects of life

5. There is a misunderstanding here. We all think that the technology is advanced and difficult to understand. It is difficult for us to understand the technology of non professional technicians, let alone use it to judge whether a project is worth investing or not. In fact, the technology is not so difficult to understand. The underlying technology of the blockchain is more of a kind of mathematical logic, which takes time to understand. However, it does not need the programming foundation, and ordinary investors can understand it. We can all make value investment by looking at technology.

6. It's a good question, and there are many misunderstandings. According to my two years' experience in learning blockchain knowledge, what I feel most is that when I chat with my friends, they will ask, isn't speculation money MLM? In fact, this is not the case. Virtual currency is not all pyramid schemes. Virtual currency is only a small part of the blockchain. Don't be misled by the money speculators. In addition, I can introce you to an easy-to-use app for learning blockchain knowledge. I brush it almost every day, Mars media

7. History has fully proved to mankind that science and technology is an important force in the innovation of the times and social development, and every scientific and technological progress will profoundly affect people's social life. There is no doubt that blockchain technology will be the same. Blockchain is a kind of accounting technology which is jointly maintained by multiple parties and stored in a distributed way. It has the characteristics of non tampering, traceability, security and reliability. Blockchain technology is "the core technology with the most potential to trigger the fifth round of disruptive revolution". With its innovation and development, we are bound to usher in a new and rich world. From steam engine to Internet and artificial intelligence, science and technology enable life. Life is changed by science and technology. Every revolution in science and technology has brought earth shaking changes to human society, but the consensus that "science and technology should serve human beings, create a better life and move towards a better future" is consistent. Because of this, in the case of cognitive differences and misunderstandings of blockchain, independent innovation of blockchain technology needs to be "people-oriented", focusing on answering the questions of who will innovate and for whom, and how to realize safe, reliable and controllable innovation. Scientific and technological innovation, talent oriented. Taking blockchain as an important breakthrough for independent innovation of core technology, the key is to give full play to people's enthusiasm. Who has the first-class innovative talents, who can occupy the advantage of scientific and technological innovation. Blockchain technology has broad prospects, but blockchain talents are particularly scarce. Only by cultivating and reserving a large number of talents in blockchain theoretical academic research, underlying technology research and development, application layer software development, technical operation and maintenance, can we continuously improve the innovation ability of key core technologies, grasp the initiative in the fierce competition situation, and lead the way“ It is necessary to explore the application of "blockchain +" in the field of people's livelihood, and actively promote the application of blockchain technology in the fields of ecation, employment, pension, precision poverty alleviation, medical health, commodity anti-counterfeiting, food safety, public welfare, social assistance, etc., so as to provide more intelligent, convenient and high-quality public services for the people. " To grasp the development opportunity of independent innovation of blockchain technology, we should not only update and iterate on the technical level, but also start from the needs of people's better life, realize the full coverage of landing scenes in the field of people's livelihood, make blockchain technology more and more popular and inclusive, and let people enjoy more technological profits. Science and technology turn imagination into reality, but the world created by science and technology also needs the protection of laws and ethics“ We should strengthen the guidance and standardization of blockchain technology, explore the establishment of a security system suitable for blockchain technology mechanism, and implement the rule of law in blockchain management. In the development and application of blockchain technology, it is also necessary to establish and improve laws and regulations, system, ethics and morality to safeguard the value orientation of science and technology for the benefit of mankind. Scientific and technological innovation is the password to open the future, and "people-oriented" is the key to control the password. We have experienced the Internet "whirlwind" sweeping everything, and will witness the new historical trend of blockchain formation. The spring of blockchain development has come, especially the need for "people-oriented", so that science and technology can better serve people and create a better future

8.

MBA different schools have different professional direction. It is mainly divided into the following professional directions:

1 enterprise management direction entrepreneurship management, merger and acquisition, organizational behavior, international management

2 marketing direction service marketing, market research and marketing planning, consumer behavior management, negotiation skills

3 financial management direction commercial bank management, merger and acquisition, financial engineering Securities investment

4 e-commerce and logistics direction international business, system analysis and design, enterprise resource planning, network marketing

5 human resource management direction employee performance management, salary design and management, personnel evaluation Labor law

extended materials:

MBA is to cultivate practical, compound and application-oriented high-level management talents who are competent for the needs of high-level management of instrial and commercial enterprises and economic management departments. It combines theory with practice, while other postgraates only cultivate research-oriented and teaching oriented talents, preferring theory rather than practice

The enrollment objects of MBA are generally cadres of state organs and institutions, administrators and technicians of instrial and commercial enterprises who have graated from universities and have more than three years of practical work experience, while other postgraates can recruit either fresh graates or in-service personnel; In essence, MBA ecation is a kind of professional practice

on the basis of mastering modern management theories and methods, it is particularly emphasized to cultivate students' practical operation skills through business case analysis, practical observation, analysis and decision-making skills training, so that students can accept challenges in knowledge and skills, personality and psychology, goals and aspirations, and have more professional competitiveness, while other graate students focus on theoretical learning, practical skills training and decision-making skills training Academic research

types of courses

the first one is for senior managers of the company. They usually study after working hours, which is called executive MBA

the second is a general MBA course for current managers or university graates to improve their management knowledge, which is the prototype of MBA

the third is the MBA course for the current employees or those who have more than two years of work experience to strengthen their business management professional foundation, also known as the special master of Business Administration (full name of smba)

teaching method

the first is the face-to-face MBA program, which was born in Harvard University in 1908 and has a history of 100 years. That is to teach face to face

The second is distance MBA program, which was first proposed by McCann University in 1995 and has a history of more than 10 years. It is to teach through network multimedia