Guomi algorithm and blockchain

1.

If you want to understand the application of blockchain, you can refer to many books and opinions, such as illustrated blockchain, blockchain: reshaping the economy and the world, blueprint and guide of new economy, and articles of coin'an community, including a detailed understanding of the platform of coin'an community, with great strength

As the name suggests, blockchain is composed of block and chain. It is a new application mode of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm and so on. It is a kind of chain data structure that combines data blocks in order according to the time sequence, and it is a secure and reliable distributed account book that can not be tampered with and forged by means of cryptography

in 2008, in his paper bitcoin: a peer-to-peer e-cash system published by Nakamoto, he first proposed the idea of blockchain and encrypted digital currency. Starting from bitcoin, blockchain has become the underlying technology of various digital currencies

Second, the working principle of blockchain:

1. The basic concepts include: (1) transaction: one operation will change the account status once, such as adding a record 2) Block: records the transaction and status data within a specified time, which is a consensus and preservation of the current account status 3) Chain: it is composed of a series of blocks in chronological order, which is the log record of the whole state change. If you understand the working concept of blockchain, it is not difficult to understand its working principle. Suppose there is a distributed data logbook, which can only be added, not deleted or changed. Its structure is a linear chain formed by a series of "blocks" (which is also the source of the name of "blockchain"), and new data must be put into a new block to be added, The maintenance node can propose a new block, but it must go through a certain consensus mechanism to reach an agreement on the final selected block

2. Take bitcoin as an example to see the working principle of blockchain

the block of bitcoin is divided into block head and block body

Core advantages and characteristics of blockchain

1. The verification, accounting, storage, maintenance and transmission of decentralized blockchain data are all based on distributed system structure. There is no centralized hardware or management organization, and the rights and obligations of any node are equal, The data blocks in the system are jointly maintained by the nodes with maintenance function in the whole system. 2. The open and transparent system is open. In addition to the private information of all parties to the transaction is encrypted, the data of the blockchain is open to all. Anyone can query the blockchain data and develop related applications through the open interface, so the information of the whole system is highly transparent. 3. Security blockchain uses consensus based specifications and Protocols (such as a set of open and transparent algorithms) to enable all nodes in the whole system to exchange data freely and safely in a de trusted environment, so that the trust in "people" is changed into the trust in machines, and any human intervention does not work. 4. Information cannot be tampered with. Once the information is verified and added to the blockchain, it will be stored permanently. Unless more than 51% (almost impossible) nodes in the system can be controlled at the same time, the modification of the database on a single node is invalid. Therefore, the data stability and reliability of the blockchain are extremely high. 5. Anonymity because the exchange between nodes follows a fixed algorithm, and its data interaction does not need trust (the program rules in the blockchain will judge whether the activity is effective or not). Therefore, the counterparties do not need to let the counterparties generate their own trust by disclosing their identities, which is very helpful for credit accumulation

At present, the most popular classification of blockchain is to divide blockchain into public blockchain, private blockchain and consortium blockchain according to different participants

1. Public chain: anyone can participate in the use and maintenance, and can obtain the effective confirmation of the blockchain. Public chain is the earliest blockchain and the most widely used blockchain at present, such as bitcoin blockchain. The information is completely public

if the licensing mechanism is introced, it includes private chain and alliance chain. 2. Private chain: a company or indivial only uses the blockchain technology, enjoys the exclusive write permission of the blockchain, and does not disclose the information. At present, conservative giants (traditional finance) want to experiment with private blockchain, and the application procts of private blockchain are still groping. 3. Alliance chain: it is a blockchain between the public chain and the existing chain, which is jointly controlled by multiple organizations. The use of the chain is managed with authority, which can be controlled by the manager, and also open to others according to the manager's wishes. In addition, according to the different use scenarios and purposes of blockchain, it can be divided into currency chain for the purpose of digital currency, property chain for the purpose of recording property rights, and crowdfunding chain for the purpose of crowdfunding

On May 28, Ma Huateng, CEO of Tencent, proposed the anti-counterfeiting method based on cloud integrated blockchain technology, which is far more efficient than traditional anti-counterfeiting methods. The future anti-counterfeiting verification scenario may only require users to use their mobile phones for simple scanning, and a large number of complete information based on different dimensions can be obtained

take Maotai liquor as an example:

distillery address, proction workshop, operation staff, inspector, delivery time, transportation vehicle information and driver information,

liquor year, raw material source, raw material supplier, storage warehouse number, raw material transportation vehicle and driver information,

all information can be accurately traced, permanently recorded and tampered with

the above information can be easily verified

2. Food safety issues as early as last November, Wal Mart has cooperated with IBM to track the source of food by using blockchain technology, so as to ensure the safety of food and increase the circulation of food to rece costs. For Wal Mart and other large supermarkets, it took a few days to investigate the source of problem food, After using this technology, only one item of proct information is needed to achieve accurate traceability, and important information such as food origin, inspector, supplier, logistics and transportation can quickly find problems in a few minutes. Currently, procts tracked by blockchain include packaging procts from the United States and pork from China

3. Information security

blockchain technology is promoting an information security technology revolution. (1) identity protection PKI is a common public key encryption technology in e-mail, message application, website and other communication applications. However, since the implementation of most PKI, the centralized trusted third party certification authority (CA) is used to issue, activate and store user certificates. Hackers can attack PKI to fake user identity or crack encrypted information

certcoin is the first PKI implementation of blockchain, which comes from MIT, removes the centralized authentication center, and uses blockchain as a distributed ledger for domain name and public key

pomcor company: blockchain PKI implementation path: keep the authentication center, and use blockchain to store the hash value of issued and activated certificates. Users can verify the authenticity of certificates through decentralized and transparent sources, and can also improve the network access performance through local authentication of secret key and signature based on blockchain

(2) data integrity protection

guardtime developed a secret key free signature architecture (Ksi) based on blockchain technology to replace the secret key based data authentication technology. Ksi stores the hash table of the original data and files on the blockchain, runs the hash algorithm to verify other copies, and compares the results with the data stored in the blockchain. Any data tampering will be found quickly because the original hash table is stored in millions of nodes

(3) key infrastructure protection

the "Achilles heel" of the Internet, DDoS has entered the TB era, DDoS is still the simplest weapon for hackers to bring down the big target with low cost, DNS service is the primary target for hackers to carry out large-scale destruction, but blockchain technology is expected to fundamentally solve the problem

The distributed storage of

blockchain makes hacker attacks lose focus. Nebulis is developing a distributed DNS system, which uses Ethereum blockchain and interstellar Internet file system (IPFs, the distributed substitute of HTTP) to register and resolve domain names. The biggest weakness of DNS is caching, which makes DDoS attacks possible. It is also the bane of the centralized government's censorship of social networks and manipulation of DNS registration. A highly transparent and distributed DNS system can effectively prevent any entity, including the government, from arbitrarily manipulating records

(1) digital currency: improve the convenience of currency issuance and use, such as bitcoin and Ethernet in foreign countries, and guorenbao in China

from the use of physical transactions, to physical currency and credit currency, and then to the rise of bitcoin network, more and more people are aware of the distributed ledger blockchain technology behind it, and graally apply it in many scenarios other than digital currency

(2) cross border payment and settlement: realize point-to-point transaction, rece intermediate fees

transfer and payment. At present, the most mature application of blockchain technology is payment and transfer. Blockchain technology can avoid complicated systems, save the process of inter-bank reconciliation and review, and accelerate the settlement speed; Virtual currency can rece transaction costs without the intervention of clearing house. Different countries have different clearing proceres. It takes two or three days for a single remittance to arrive, which is inefficient and accounts for a large proportion of funds in transit. No longer through the third party, through the blockchain technology to form point-to-point payment. By eliminating the link of the third-party institutions, we can make full day payment, real-time payment, withdraw cash quickly and rece the hidden cost, which helps to avoid the capital risk. It is timely and convenient

(3) bills and supply chain financial business: rece human intervention, rece costs and operational risks

value transfer between point-to-point, control and verify physical bills or central system; Intermediaries will be eliminated and human intervention reced. With the improvement of efficiency, financing channels are more unblocked, risks are lower, and multiple parties benefit

(4) securities issuance and Trading: realize quasi real-time asset transfer, accelerate the speed of transaction clearing

the application of blockchain technology can make the process of securities trading more concise, transparent and fast, rece the plication of IT system, and improve the efficiency of market operation. For stocks, blockchain can eliminate paper and pen or electronic form records, rece human errors in trading, and improve the transparency and traceability of trading platform. Citigroup and Nasdaq cooperate to promote blockchain applications

(5) customer credit investigation and anti fraud: rece the cost of legal compliance, prevent financial crimes

the customer information and transaction records recorded in the blockchain help banks identify abnormal transactions and effectively prevent fraud. The technical characteristics of blockchain can change the existing credit reference system, and store the data of customers with bad records in the blockchain when the bank concts "know your customer" (KYC)

equity crowdfunding:

2. Blockchain encryption algorithm
asymmetric encryption algorithm is a function that converts the original plaintext file or data into a series of unreadable ciphertext codes by using an encryption key. The encryption process is irreversible. Only holding the corresponding decryption key can the encrypted information be decrypted into readable plaintext. Encryption enables private data to be transmitted through the public network under the condition of low risk, and protects the data from being stolen and read by the third party
the core advantage of blockchain technology is decentralization, which can realize point-to-point transaction, coordination and cooperation based on decentralized credit in a distributed system without mutual trust by means of data encryption, time stamp, distributed consensus and economic incentive, so as to solve the high cost and low cost of centralized institutions Low efficiency and data storage insecurity provide solutions
the application fields of blockchain include digital currency, token, finance, anti-counterfeiting traceability, privacy protection, supply chain, entertainment, etc. with the popularity of blockchain and bitcoin, many related top domain names have been registered, which has a great impact on the domain name instry.

3.

In recent years, blockchain and artificial intelligence have been very popular

first of all, blockchain is to establish a decentralized network. The so-called decentralization means that the network does not belong to you or me

it belongs to everyone

Artificial intelligence is a new technology science that researches and develops the theory, method, technology and application system for simulating, extending and expanding human intelligence. In other words, "machine self-learning"

in this way, we can think about the combination of blockchain and artificial intelligence

first of all, we need to understand that blockchain can be divided into three stages

However, in the first three stages, there are some problems, such as the lack of decentralization, low scalability, the mismatching between the incentive of the blocker and the best profit of the whole network, and the network always running at the maximum capacity. Serious waste of resources and rece efficiency

so can we combine artificial intelligence with underlying public chain technology to solve these problems

The answer is yes! And there has been team research and development, and has made a certain progress

Velas is a public chain that enhances its consensus algorithm through artificial intelligence (AI) optimized neural network, and carries out self-learning and self optimization. It is committed to improving the security, interoperability and high scalability of the transfer process and intelligent contract. Velas adopts the dpos consensus enhanced by AI, which completely realizes decentralization without recing the security and transaction speed. Not only that, AI chooses who to mortgage the token according to the needs of the blockchain; Velas only blocks when needed; Every 1 second to every 2 minutes; Scalability (up to 30000 TPS); Block procers are selected by artificial intuition

4. At present, there are many such teams, and the blockchain is suitable for all walks of life, but before the early cooperation, we must pay attention to the team strength and effect. The baker chain blockchain that we understand has a good evaluation in the instry, good reputation and good performance in all aspects. The evaluation of the instry is quite high.

5. Non ferrous stocks in the performance of small cap stocks: mainly Baotou Steel Rare Earth, Yunnan copper, Shandong gold, Zhongjin gold, Tongling Nonferrous and so on

small cap stocks refer to the relative and large cap stocks. Large cap stocks: usually refer to the stocks of listed companies with a large number of outstanding shares. On the contrary, small cap stocks are the stocks of listed companies with a small amount of circulating stocks. At present, in China, the circulating stocks of no more than 100 million stocks can be regarded as small cap stocks<

nonferrous metals is the abbreviation of nonferrous metals, nonferrous resources is related to nonferrous metals mining, smelting and other instries of listed companies
typical Baotou Steel Rare Earth, Zhongjin gold, Tongling Nonferrous Metals, Yunnan Copper and many other, specific can enter the market software plate, check the "nonferrous metals" plate, in which more than 60 stocks are very detailed. There is also the concept of mineral resources, which reflects the main business transformation of some listed companies involving mineral resources.

6. It doesn't work if you open 120 frames depending on your resolution and display 60

7. Development trend:
1. Development trend of core key technologies
from the point of view of the current technology and application of blockchain, its core is distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm and other existing computer technologies. With the deepening of blockchain application, new and higher requirements will be put forward for these core technologies. The research results in consensus mechanism, security algorithm, privacy protection and other related technology fields will play an important role in the leapfrog development of blockchain technology and application, and will be very critical to the continuous innovation and breakthrough of these technologies
(1) the development trend of consensus mechanism
in the public chain, the common consensus mechanism has the disadvantages of low performance and high energy consumption“ The "side chain" technology can only solve some problems under certain conditions. At present, most of the mainstream consensus mechanisms in alliance chain are based on pbft and its variants. Although access control can greatly improve the performance, it also sacrifices the efficiency, constraints, fault tolerance and other aspects of the consensus. It can be predicted that consensus algorithms and decision-making with universality and better performance for some typical scenarios will continue to appear
(2) the development trend of security algorithm
security is particularly important for financial application systems. On the one hand, most of the traditional security algorithms currently used have potential "backdoor" risks, which need to be replaced by more secure national security algorithms, and the strength of the algorithms also needs to be upgraded; On the other hand, we should also prevent some new technologies, such as quantum computing, from impacting or even subverting the traditional security algorithms
(3) development trend of privacy protection
at present, the privacy protection related to blockchain is still relatively weak. Especially for sensitive data, we need to balance privacy protection and compliance supervision. Information privacy protection technology, such as zero knowledge proof, homomorphic encryption, is also an important direction of follow-up development
the above core technologies tend to be low-level computer technologies, and their development requires considerable personnel and time investment, which will be a progressive process. The research achievements and cooperation of related enterprises, scientific research institutions and colleges and universities in these fields are very important for the development of blockchain technology
2. Development trend of general development platform
at present, many IT enterprises, consulting companies, communities and technology alliances have invested in the application research and development of blockchain, established and improved the general development platform, which has a great role in promoting the application of the whole blockchain technology
similar to IAAs (infrastructure as a service) and PAAS (platform as a service) of cloud computing, the blockchain general development platform is composed of infrastructure support layer, blockchain core component service layer, and corresponding development test suite, which can provide one-stop, low-cost technical services for building and deploying blockchain applications. At present, there are some such platforms. With the rapid development of blockchain applications and the strong investment of relevant participants, its service coverage, R & D convenience, operation and maintenance intelligence, as well as high stability, large capacity and low cost are the predictable development direction.

8. Blockchain is a new application mode of distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism, encryption algorithm and other computer technologies. The so-called consensus mechanism is a mathematical algorithm to establish trust and obtain interests between different nodes in the blockchain system. Heshu software is an innovative technology enterprise focusing on the research and development and application of blockchain technology, and a professional blockchain technology service provider. The team has been developing blockchain technology since 2016, and has made in-depth research on blockchain encryption algorithm, consensus mechanism, network security, distributed, point-to-point and other blockchain technology fields.

9. One account chain is a breakthrough blockchain solution launched by financial one account Tong, a financial technology company of Ping An Group, which has unique advantages in supporting guomi. Due to the difference of details between the national secret algorithm standard and the international standard, if users use the direct algorithm switching when accessing the blockchain system, the efficiency of the existing equipment will be greatly reced, and the demand for hardware replacement will have to be increased. GCCA, which is independently developed by financial one account link, can improve the efficiency of fimax in the national security environment by nearly 100 times compared with all known open source versions, greatly recing the docking cost of users of one account chain platform
in addition, the fimax technology platform built by one account chain with fimax sparrow, fimax core, fimaxconcord and other dark horse technologies fundamentally solves the most challenging bottleneck problems in the development of blockchain technology, such as throughput efficiency, privacy protection and deployment management.