Blockchain exchange packaging
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Let's suppose villagers Lao Wang and Xiao Li. Lao Wang borrowed some money from Xiao Li, who wrote it in an IOU signed by both parties. A few days later, Lao Wang denied the existence of borrowing money and claimed that Xiao Li forged the paper. Xiao Li can't argue because he finds it difficult to prove that Lao Wang actually owes him money
in this example, Lao Wang and Xiao Li are two nodes
now assuming the same scenario, there are many pairs of people trading with each other in the village. The only evidence for each pair is the IOU. If one party fails, it will be difficult to do so. Seeing this scene, the village head came up with a solution. He suggested using a common notebook for the whole village to record all the transactions. Due to the high prestige of the village head, the villagers unanimously decided to let the village head keep this important transaction book. Each transaction, the villagers go to the village head's home, let the village head witness and record, each transaction is written into a notebook, and then safely saved. That notebook can be called a database
because this notebook is very important, the village head locked it in the safe. However, there are always some problems. Sometimes, the village head will accidentally sprinkle ink on the paper, making some transaction records illegible. This is called a single point of failure. The thief knows that there is an important notebook in the safe of the village head's house. He tries his best to steal it. This is called hacking
until one day, the village head's son owed others a lot of money, so the village head secretly deleted his son's debt entry. In this way, the village head's son "does not owe money."
when the villagers knew this, they began to question the fairness and authority of the village head. So some people put forward a new idea:
abolish the power of the village head, which is called decentralization. Let all villagers keep a notebook, and the transaction records are copied and distributed, which is called distributed database. Therefore, if there are n people in the village, there are n notebooks, that is, n nodes. Every time there is a trade between any two people, all the people in the village get together and record it in their notebooks. And no one can cover the sky. This is called decentralization
they also decided that they would never delete the mentioned transactions from their notebooks, which is irreversible. For example, Lao Wang borrowed a sum of money from Xiao Li before, but in the twinkling of an eye, he wants to return the money. Then the transaction book will not delete the previous borrowing record, but write a new repayment record, so there are two records
next, let's try to break this rule. What if we bribe Lao Wang to change his notebook? It's not feasible, because the next time the villagers meet, they find that Lao Wang's notebook is different from everyone else's, so the villagers notice that Lao Wang may be engaged in an indescribable transaction, and decide to abolish Lao Wang's transaction record and kick Lao Wang out of the organization
What if you try to bribe all the villagers? It's too expensive
the characteristic of this model is that greedy people need to pay a lot to attack the rules. He will find it more profitable to follow the rules
a smart child in the village suggested that each transaction data be called "block" and linked into a "chain" in chronological order, which is called blockchain
in a narrow sense, blockchain is a kind of chained data structure, which is composed of data blocks connected in sequence according to the time sequence, and is a distributed account that can not be tampered with and forged by cryptography. In a broad sense, blockchain technology is a new distributed infrastructure and computing paradigm, which uses blockchain data structure to verify and store data, uses distributed node consensus algorithm to generate and update data, uses cryptography to ensure the security of data transmission and access, and uses intelligent contract composed of automated script code to program and operate data
blockchain and big blockchain are not the same concept. Big blockchain should be the name of a company. Bitcoin, Ethereum and decent are all successful cases of blockchain technology.
With the development of blockchain, there are more and more ICO projects and exchanges in the blockchain instry. How should so many projects develop in compliance
the current blockchain project compliance is divided into two sections:
first, blockchain coin project compliance: Foundation + legal compliance opinion:
in addition to Singapore, the United States and the United Kingdom have more choices. The registration fees of these two countries are low, and the registration process is simple. However, if the currency is issued by the exchange later, the United Kingdom and the United States can not provide the corresponding legal services
from the perspective of compliance in the later stage, we should choose Singapore foundation
the government of Singapore not only supports the government policy, but also stipulates that the blockchain foundation can be registered and managed by acra to obtain legal issuance projects, which will make Singapore a financial technology center and blockchain technology center in the next world with its own competitiveness. Therefore, Singapore can be said to be a paradise for blockchain entrepreneurs
advantages of registering Singapore Foundation:
first, non-profit public companies are easier to let investors trust than ordinary companies.
Second, the government supports the development of blockchain, and the policy environment is good.
third, the market is mature, and the follow-up legal services are perfect.
Fourth, excellent and well-known projects are also in Singapore: for example, Laite coin, which is better than the original chain, Fifth, the price is reasonable and cost-effective. Sixth, local lawyers in Singapore can issue relevant legal opinions according to the needs of the project parties to prove the compliance and legality of the project Ordinary companies are not allowed to issue legal opinions)
how to register the Singapore foundation and what information should be provided
1. Provide company name
2. Information of two registered members, one Singapore director, registered address in Singapore, Singapore Secretary (nominal)
3. Business scope
4. Registered capital: default 1 Singapore dollar
after the registration of the main foundation, it is not the end, but just the beginning. After the registration certificate and other documents come out, the professional lawyers of the bar association of Singapore also need to modify and issue legal opinions according to the project plan, which is commonly known as the white paper. To prove that the project is in accordance with the laws of Singapore and can carry on business normally
as we all know, it is forbidden to issue xunihuobi in our country. The legal opinion is in line with the laws of Singapore, and it depends on the legal proceres. The legal opinion can only be issued by a lawyer who meets the requirements. In addition, the white paper is in compliance. The legality of the white paper written by him cannot be guaranteed, and if he is not a lawyer, he does not understand the laws of Singapore, This is very important; Another aspect is for investors, to have legal documents to prove that the project is legal in Singapore, investors will be more assured, then they need some supporting documents
to register a foundation is only the first step, and the most important thing that needs to be done next is cooperation&# 8204; Yes,
now the bigger exchanges need you to issue legal compliance to let you go to the exchange. Therefore, the legal opinions needed to go to the exchange are actually a general term. The legal compliance actually includes several items, such as token non securitization certificate, white paper compliance, private placement terms, public offering terms, etc. Most of these exchanges will require token non securitization certification, and the white paper is equivalent to a normal business plan. After it is written, it needs professional Singapore lawyers to modify it, which is in line with Singapore's laws and regulations. Most companies on the exchange will choose to give legal opinions
the white paper has four main functions
first, it reports to MAS in Singapore, and is not afraid of being investigated in the future
Second, to convince investors that the company is legal and compliant, and to reassure investorsthirdly, it is necessary to use in the stock exchange
Fourthly, rece unnecessary investmentthere is also a token filing (non securitization certificate filing), and Singapore lawyers only need to provide a white paper, articles of association, registration paper and registration certificate to prevent MAS verification of monetary authority of Singapore
Second, blockchain exchange project compliance: subject company + digital currency trading license:as one of the important compliance documents of the platform. It is equivalent to a business license. In particular, after Huoyuan won the Japanese license, the US license and applied for the Canadian license, the license was pushed to a new height. Obtaining the US MSB license also means that the company can reasonably conct business in most states of the United States. This is the reason why the major platforms have started to apply for licenses. If they want to carry out business formally and legally, they have to apply for licenses
for example: MSB digital currency exchange license in the United States, MTR digital currency + Wallet al license in Estonia, austrac digital currency license in Australia, etc
The role of MSB license in the United States:1
2
3. It can increase the trust of customers, enhance their visibility, and also make the platform develop better and faster in compliance
advantages of MSB license
1. Investor recognition - the company law and financial instry supervision in the United States are very perfect. With the U.S. license, your digital currency trading platform will be more recognized by global investors
2. Get authoritative approval - with the authoritative approval of the U.S. Treasury Department, you can carry out relevant business in the United States and around the world, which represents the compliance supervision of the digital currency platform
3. Becoming a first-line platform -- MSB license is also a standard license for global digital currency trading institutions. Coinbase, bitfinex, poloiex, hotcoin.com, OK, coin security exchange and other platforms all hold this license to operate
4. Diversified services - MSB license allows currency exchange and delivery services, so that you can better meet customer needs and provide more diversified services
why the license plate is so important for the trading platform? First of all, people in the traditional foreign exchange circle know that the foreign exchange platform has the importance of supervising the license plate. Even this traditional mode will create the future trading platform. Therefore, license plate is bound to become a trend of development
John Clayton, chairman of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, criticized ICOS that want to evade regulation, saying: "a lot of ICOS are concted under illegal circumstances. The sponsors and other participants of these ICOS have not complied with our securities laws. Some people say this is because the law is not perfect. But I don't think so at the moment. "
according to Clayton, up to now, no ICO has been registered with the sec. In 2017, all the ICOS raised about US $4 billion. "A lot of people think that ICO is a new thing and deny that ICO is a kind of security, but another way of financing," Clayton said. I don't think regulators have done a good job in this area. "<
Giancarlo of CFTC also thinks that virtual currency should be more strictly regulated. "I'm surprised by the enthusiasm of young people for virtual currency, and we should respect them."
the two presidents of the US regulatory agencies believe that decentralized blockchain technology has great potential, but whether it can bring benefits to the public is still unknown
although the relevant agencies have concted dialogues at the congressional hearings, it will take a long time to formulate specific policies.
bitcoin is unreliable
musk openly discusses the conversion of assets, but it is only limited to the discussion session, which shows that musk himself is still on the sidelines. We must not buy a lot of bitcoin at this time, otherwise we will suffer losses first, bitcoin is a virtual asset of the network. That is to say, without the Internet, bitcoin would be worthless moreover, the value of bitcoin is like a stock, which is not stable and suitable for asset conversion. It's very likely that the price of bitcoin will drop as soon as the conversion is over and the most important thing is that the bank is responsible for the value of RMB, but no one can be responsible for the value of bitcoin. If bitcoin immediately drops to nothing after the end of asset conversion, no one can be responsible at this time