IBM blockchain module

1. In many cases of blockchain commercial application, we can always see the word baas. Baas is the abbreviation of blockchain as a service, which is translated into "blockchain as a service" in Chinese. So what is blockchain as a service baas? With this question, we will follow Xiao Wang of Renren blockchain technology team to discuss it carefully
according to Xiao Wang, the concept of blockchain as a service (baas) is mainly proposed by Microsoft and IBM. To put it bluntly, it is actually a new type of cloud service, a cloud service combined with blockchain technology. For example, Microsoft's azure cloud computing platform and IBM's bluemix garage cloud platform all provide blockchain as a service baas
blockchain as a service (baas) is a space created by enterprises such as Microsoft and IBM from their own cloud service network to run a blockchain node. Compared with ordinary nodes and exchange nodes, the main purpose of baas nodes is to quickly establish the development environment they need, and provide a series of operation services based on blockchain, such as search query, transaction submission, data analysis, etc. these services can be centralized or decentralized to help developers verify their concepts and models faster. The service of baas node is reflected in: it is more instrumental and easy to create, deploy, run and monitor blockchain.

2. There are two kinds of blockchain analysis reports, one is the rating report, the other is the tracking report. The basic sections include four parts: basic project information, team situation, social media situation, technology progress and market trend. The only difference is that the evaluation report will give the project score, such as cannon rating, and the tracking report will take the long-term tracking method for continuous attention. For example, the first-class position will be analyzed by two shifts a week.

3. Zhao Liang, general manager of banking instry of IBM Global Enterprise Consulting Service Department, believes that blockchain technology has broad application prospects in the fields of Internet finance, such as supply chain finance, digital bills, P2P financing, e-money, microfinance, cross-border payment, collateral management and contract execution, which can better connect financial institutions and non-financial enterprises
the principle of blockchain can be more widely used in other innovative fields. For example, blockchain is expected to establish a points exchange and transaction system, which can be used for the exchange and transaction of various points, such as telecom telephone fee points, aviation mileage points, hotel accommodation points, etc. In the field of Internet of things, IBM has cooperated with Kouvola innovation in Finland to establish a trusted cargo view of the whole process of logistics in the technology of blockchain and Watson Internet of things
in fact, in the next few years, the Internet of things will become one of the most exciting and largest application fields of blockchain. Blockchain solves the trust problem and financial transactions between massive devices and nodes in the Internet of things. The Internet of things based on blockchain and e-money can enable smart appliances to automatically complete financial transactions such as paying electricity bills, while IBM Watson cognitive technology can automatically recommend a more reasonable level of electricity consumption by learning historical data, which can form a real smart grid from the perspective of the whole society
in May 2016, two Chinese blockchain enterprises announced to join the hyperledger super ledger project led by IBM and Linux foundation. Also in May, Ping An Insurance Group announced to join the international R3 alliance to jointly develop innovative business applications based on distributed shared ledger technology with other financial institutions
now, blockchain is not only as simple as having influence on Internet technology, but also to create a new decentralized next-generation business model, which is the real significance of the blockchain revolution< br />

4. 1. What is the technology of blockchain? If we assume that the database is an account book, reading and writing the database can be regarded as a kind of bookkeeping behavior. The principle of blockchain technology is to find the fastest and best bookkeeper in a period of time, and then send this page of information of the account book to everyone else in the whole system.

5. Open the top left corner first, the top right corner first

6. See my answer here for the difference between hyperledger fabric and public chain. What is blockchain and how to introce it easily- Hyperledger fabric is the most mature one in the field of alliance chain (private chain). The whole structure of the new version (V1) is like this: first, there are some chain codes on the chain, which can be understood as smart contracts. In short, they are agreed logic. Then a transaction can point to and trigger these contracts, and get an output, which will also be written in the transaction. In addition, the change of the new version compared with the old version is that the nodes of the whole network are divided into two types (client I don't think is the node in the network, because it doesn't participate in consensus). One is called endorser, and the other is peer. In addition, there is a function mole called orderer. Some nodes can act as orderer. The main function of this mole is to sort and package transactions into blocks. The process of the transaction is as follows: 1. First of all, each chain code has a specified approving party. Suppose we consider a chain code for automobile transaction, which has three nodes: A, B and C. for example, the Chain Code stipulates the following logic: before the transaction takes effect, two of a, B and C approve the transaction. 2. At this time, suppose user Xiao Ming wants to buy a car, he generates a transaction request to trigger the chain code for the transaction, and he sends the request to nodes a, B and C for approval. 3. If the request is correct and reliable, nodes a, B and C approve the request. They will directly calculate and generate the result, and then write it as a transaction to feed back to the user (at this time, it is not written into the blockchain, or they call it the ledger). 4. After the user receives the returned transaction, if he confirms that the returned transaction results are consistent, he sends the transaction to the sorting mole, and then the sorting mole sorts all the received transactions according to the time, packs them into blocks, and sends them to all nodes. Note that the sorting mole does not perform any verification on the transaction, that is, no matter whether the transaction they receive is approved enough or not, as long as the format is correct, they are packed into the block. 5. All nodes verify whether each transaction has been approved enough. If so, indicate the valid transaction, otherwise, the invalid transaction. However, no matter what the result is, all transactions will be written into the account book. 6. Finally, if the transaction is successful, the node notifies the user that the transaction has been added to the ledger. Compared with the previous version, V1 has more of these things: 1. The sorting mole is logically disassembled, but in fact nodes can be sorted part-time. 2. With the addition of the approving agent, that is to say, only the approving agent will know the details of your transaction, while other nodes only verify whether they have been approved by the specified approving agent. 3. I don't write about it here, but there is one more thing called channel. Different channels are essentially different independent blockchains. Note: I am not a participant in this project, so the above introction is entirely based on my personal understanding of their documentation. There is very little about the existence of malicious nodes, a core problem of blockchain in their documentation, so I don't know how tolerant they are to malicious nodes. However, from the perspective of the structure itself, it is true that V1 has added a lot of functions, and the structure is very clear and flexible, which can support different application scenarios. However, from a theoretical point of view, there is not much innovation to speak of. The two main problems of blockchain technology, scalability and privacy, have not been solved. Although it claims to solve these two problems, it is actually based on the sacrifice of reliability and safety.

7. Generally speaking, blockchain technology refers to a way for the whole people to participate in bookkeeping. There is a database behind all the systems. You can think of the database as a big ledger. So it's very important who keeps this account book. At present, whose system will keep accounts, wechat's account book is Tencent's account book, and Taobao's account book is Ali's account book. But now in the blockchain system, everyone in the system can have the opportunity to participate in bookkeeping. If there is any data change in a certain period of time, everyone in the system can conct bookkeeping. The system will judge the person who has the fastest and best bookkeeping in this period, write the content of his records into the account book, and send the content of the account book to all other people in the system for backup. In this way, everyone in the system has a complete account book. This way, we call it blockchain technology
IBM loves it because it sees the potential of blockchain. Blockchain is popular all over the world. bitcoin, Ethereum and decent are all connected with bitcoin.

8. Strong growth of investment and opportunities
according to the latest data of Accenture, the investment in fintech in the Asia Pacific region increased from US $800 million in 2014 to US $3.5 billion in 2015. More and more VC companies are focusing on financial technology start-ups in Asia, and financial institutions are showing more and more interest in this field< According to McKinsey data, 59% and 876 million people in Asia belong to the non bank account group. Interestingly, however, Asia accounts for nearly half of the world's Internet users. In addition, the number of digital banking consumers in Asia will reach 1.7 billion by 2020 - which brings a lot of opportunities for fintech start-ups, among which a lot of problems are worth solving

huge market potential
Singapore is a small island country, but it has a huge and mature financial market. Compared with neighboring countries, it is not difficult to see that Singapore is naturally a bridge connecting fintech start-ups in the region< In other words, Singapore's advantage lies in its strategic center in Southeast Asia. In Singapore, a company can obtain:
· a single market with a size of more than 625 million people - ranking third in the world, larger than 319 million in the United States and 504 million in the European Union
· a huge market with a family size of 8 million people
· US $2.6 trillion
therefore, Singapore is an ideal test cradle for fintech solutions. Many start-ups start their businesses in Singapore and then extend their programs and procts to neighboring countries and regions
mature ecosystem
Singapore's advantageous environment is graally formed with the support of local government policies. Cbinsights pointed out that since 2015, Singapore's fintech entrepreneurship accelerators have increased significantly, including the UK acceleration program startupbootcamp fintech and finlab financial laboratory, and financial institutions such as DBS, Citibank, Credit Suisse, MetLife and UBS have also set up innovation laboratories in Singapore Most of the world's leading companies have offices in Singapore. This shows that the Asian market is a very important market. Blockchain projects such as decent and Ethereum are important markets in Asia.

9. Zhou Yefei, vice president of coin maker, has a lot of research in the field of blockchain and digital asset technology The evolution road of blockchain core technology algorithm evolution is very professional.

10.

Position means money

position is a word commonly used in the financial instry, which is often used in finance, securities, stock and futures trading, also known as "head lining", which means money, refers to the amount of funds owned or borrowed by investors, and is a popular term in the financial instry

the position is also a kind of market agreement in essence, which promises the initial position of the sale and purchase contract, and the buyer of the contract is long and in the expected position; The seller of the contract is short and in the expected position

if the income of the bank is greater than the expenditure in the total collection and payment on that day, it is called & quot; Long position;, If the payment is greater than the income, it is called & quot; Short position

the behavior of predicting more or less of such positions is called & quot; I'm not sure;. The act of trying to transfer money in everywhere is called & quot; Turn around & quot;. If the unused amount is greater than the required amount, it is called & quot; Loose position;, If the capital demand is greater than the idle amount, it is called & quot; Tight position

< H2 > expand information

generally speaking, the operator refers to the person who provides specific operation services for large customers or group customers. They have rich experience, keen observation and judgment ability, and can quickly solve unexpected problems

a trader refers to a person who is designated to buy or sell procts in the financial securities and futures market

proprietary trading, that is, traders will use the company's funds to invest and need to make trading decisions. Agencytrader is called "broker"

brokers are like pure middlemen, they are responsible for executing customers' orders, while brokers in big banks have a wider range of responsibilities

for a broker, his job depends heavily on his network. The evaluation standard for a broker is the flow of customers he brings. It is very important to bring performance to the company, and the trading volume of customers is more important

position_ Network