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128 data of blockchain infrastructure
Publish: 2021-05-17 05:08:28
1.
< Introction to cognition & gt Download link is attached at the end of the article)
new economy blueprint and guide
publication time: 2016
recommendation: this book is mainly for programmers. Combined with API programming, we can tell you the principle and usage of cryptocurrency, as well as how to develop related software. For non programmer readers, the first few chapters of this book are still applicable as in-depth introction of bitcoin. Book download
2. blockchain is a new decentralized protocol, which can safely store transactions or other data. Information can not be forged or tampered with, and can automatically execute smart contracts without the audit of any centralized organization. Transaction can be digital currency such as bitcoin, or digital assets such as creditor's rights, equity and right, which greatly reces the trust cost and accounting cost of real economy and redefines the property right system in the Internet era. At present, aelf is a well-known blockchain project of the underlying architecture, which represents the future development direction.
3.
Blockchain technology is not a single innovation technology, but the result of a variety of technology integration and innovation, its essence is a weak center, self-confident underlying architecture technology. Compared with the traditional Internet technology, its technical principle and model architecture is a major innovation. Here, we will analyze the basic technical model of blockchain
4. The hierarchical structure of blockchain
1, data layer / data layer
the data layer mainly describes the physical form of blockchain, which is a chain structure starting from Genesis block on blockchain, including block data, chain structure, random number, time stamp, public and private key data on blockchain, and is the lowest level data structure in the whole blockchain technology
2. Network layer / network layer
the network layer mainly realizes the mechanism of distributed network through P2P technology, and the network layer includes P2P networking mechanism, data dissemination mechanism and data verification mechanism. Therefore, blockchain is essentially a P2P network with automatic networking mechanism, and the communication between nodes is maintained by maintaining a common blockchain structure
3. Consensus layer / consensus layer
consensus layer mainly includes consensus algorithm and consensus mechanism, which enables highly dispersed nodes to reach consensus on the effectiveness of block data efficiently in the decentralized blockchain network. It is one of the core technologies of blockchain and also the governance mechanism of blockchain community. At present, there are at least dozens of consensus mechanism algorithms, including workload proof, rights and interests proof, rights and interests authorization proof, burning proof, importance proof and so on
data layer, network layer and consensus layer are the necessary elements of building blockchain technology. Without any layer, it can not be called a real blockchain technology
4. Incentive layer / activator layer
the incentive layer mainly includes the issuing system and distribution system of economic incentive. Its function is to provide certain incentive measures, encourage nodes to participate in the security verification work in the blockchain, incorporate economic factors into the blockchain technology system, encourage nodes that comply with rules to participate in bookkeeping, and punish nodes that do not comply with rules
5. Contract layer / contract layer
the contract layer mainly includes various scripts, codes, algorithm mechanisms and smart contracts, which is the basis of block chain programming. Embedding the code into the blockchain or token, realizing the smart contract that can be customized, and automatically executing without a third party when certain constraints are met, is the foundation of the blockchain's distrust
6. Application layer / application layer
the application layer of blockchain encapsulates various application scenarios and cases, which are similar to applications on computer operating system, portals on Internet browsers, search engines, e-malls or apps on mobile phones. The blockchain technology applications are deployed on Ethereum, EOS and qtum, and are implemented in real life scenarios. The future programmable finance and programmable society will also be built on the application layer
incentive layer, contract layer and application layer are not necessary factors for each blockchain application, and some blockchain applications do not completely include the three-tier structure.
1, data layer / data layer
the data layer mainly describes the physical form of blockchain, which is a chain structure starting from Genesis block on blockchain, including block data, chain structure, random number, time stamp, public and private key data on blockchain, and is the lowest level data structure in the whole blockchain technology
2. Network layer / network layer
the network layer mainly realizes the mechanism of distributed network through P2P technology, and the network layer includes P2P networking mechanism, data dissemination mechanism and data verification mechanism. Therefore, blockchain is essentially a P2P network with automatic networking mechanism, and the communication between nodes is maintained by maintaining a common blockchain structure
3. Consensus layer / consensus layer
consensus layer mainly includes consensus algorithm and consensus mechanism, which enables highly dispersed nodes to reach consensus on the effectiveness of block data efficiently in the decentralized blockchain network. It is one of the core technologies of blockchain and also the governance mechanism of blockchain community. At present, there are at least dozens of consensus mechanism algorithms, including workload proof, rights and interests proof, rights and interests authorization proof, burning proof, importance proof and so on
data layer, network layer and consensus layer are the necessary elements of building blockchain technology. Without any layer, it can not be called a real blockchain technology
4. Incentive layer / activator layer
the incentive layer mainly includes the issuing system and distribution system of economic incentive. Its function is to provide certain incentive measures, encourage nodes to participate in the security verification work in the blockchain, incorporate economic factors into the blockchain technology system, encourage nodes that comply with rules to participate in bookkeeping, and punish nodes that do not comply with rules
5. Contract layer / contract layer
the contract layer mainly includes various scripts, codes, algorithm mechanisms and smart contracts, which is the basis of block chain programming. Embedding the code into the blockchain or token, realizing the smart contract that can be customized, and automatically executing without a third party when certain constraints are met, is the foundation of the blockchain's distrust
6. Application layer / application layer
the application layer of blockchain encapsulates various application scenarios and cases, which are similar to applications on computer operating system, portals on Internet browsers, search engines, e-malls or apps on mobile phones. The blockchain technology applications are deployed on Ethereum, EOS and qtum, and are implemented in real life scenarios. The future programmable finance and programmable society will also be built on the application layer
incentive layer, contract layer and application layer are not necessary factors for each blockchain application, and some blockchain applications do not completely include the three-tier structure.
5. Laikelib main chain: the main chain of laikelib mainly deals with the interaction between the application business model and the application scenario. Laikelib side chain: around the main chain, any application system can be developed in the side chain for users to use.
6. Baite is not recommended
to practice guitar: most of them are basswood panels, some even basswood back panels, which are less than 300 yuan, also known as firesticks (because they are made of the same material as firewood, and the intonation is poor)
entry guitar: most of them are spruce panels, rosewood finger boards, and the back panels are not necessarily. The price is about 1000 yuan, and most of them are 500 yuan or 600 yuan, About 1000 yuan, there are also some elementary Miandan Qin
medium Guitar: most of them are spruce panel, rosewood fingerboard, back side panel, mahogany and fire rosewood. Generally, they are middle end single piano of various series, and some of them are full single (very few), with the price around 3000
high end: all single guitars and spruce veneers are the most popular. The price is four or five thousand or more. There is no upper limit. There are tens of thousands of them, but most people don't need them
tips on guitar selection: http://www.jitatang.com/guitar It is recommended to refer to
no matter where you buy it, you should know some experience to avoid being trapped. Generally, you will be trapped when you go to a piano shop for the first time. The most important two points (you can't hear the timbre and so on):
1. Look at the appearance and choose the log color or black directly Sunset color (the classic three color system), never white, Pink Guitar, that is the above said practice piano grade
2. Check the handle. When the guitar is tuned to the standard pitch, the distance between the string and the fingerboard should be about 3mm (that is, the thickness of a coin) at the 12th point. If you press the string too high, you will feel tired, otherwise it will cause the phenomenon of playing. A good hand feeling is that you can easily press any tone with your left finger without any proct or noise, and you don't feel any effort when you press it horizontally
3. Performance (in fact, you can't see it. You can get what you pay for. It's right to choose the most expensive one in your budget.)
to practice guitar: most of them are basswood panels, some even basswood back panels, which are less than 300 yuan, also known as firesticks (because they are made of the same material as firewood, and the intonation is poor)
entry guitar: most of them are spruce panels, rosewood finger boards, and the back panels are not necessarily. The price is about 1000 yuan, and most of them are 500 yuan or 600 yuan, About 1000 yuan, there are also some elementary Miandan Qin
medium Guitar: most of them are spruce panel, rosewood fingerboard, back side panel, mahogany and fire rosewood. Generally, they are middle end single piano of various series, and some of them are full single (very few), with the price around 3000
high end: all single guitars and spruce veneers are the most popular. The price is four or five thousand or more. There is no upper limit. There are tens of thousands of them, but most people don't need them
tips on guitar selection: http://www.jitatang.com/guitar It is recommended to refer to
no matter where you buy it, you should know some experience to avoid being trapped. Generally, you will be trapped when you go to a piano shop for the first time. The most important two points (you can't hear the timbre and so on):
1. Look at the appearance and choose the log color or black directly Sunset color (the classic three color system), never white, Pink Guitar, that is the above said practice piano grade
2. Check the handle. When the guitar is tuned to the standard pitch, the distance between the string and the fingerboard should be about 3mm (that is, the thickness of a coin) at the 12th point. If you press the string too high, you will feel tired, otherwise it will cause the phenomenon of playing. A good hand feeling is that you can easily press any tone with your left finger without any proct or noise, and you don't feel any effort when you press it horizontally
3. Performance (in fact, you can't see it. You can get what you pay for. It's right to choose the most expensive one in your budget.)
7. Aggregation chain refers to the innovative introction of "alliance chain + cross chain + public chain" aggregation chain technology architecture on the basis of long-term accumulated alliance chain technology, so as to realize the efficient, safe and low-cost flow of data and assets, and then practice the historical mission of enabling distributed economy.
8. The three levels of jinwowo analysis blockchain technology are as follows:
protocol layer
the so-called protocol layer refers to the lowest level technology. This level is usually a complete blockchain proct, similar to the operating system of our computer. It maintains network nodes and only provides API for calling. Usually, the government will provide a simple client (commonly known as wallet). The function of this client wallet is also very simple. It can only establish address, verify signature, transfer payment, check balance, etc
extension layer
this layer is similar to the computer driver, which is to make blockchain procts more practical
application layer
this layer is similar to all kinds of software programs in computers. It is a proct that ordinary people can really use directly, and it can also be understood as the browser of B / S architecture procts. The application of this level is almost blank at present.
protocol layer
the so-called protocol layer refers to the lowest level technology. This level is usually a complete blockchain proct, similar to the operating system of our computer. It maintains network nodes and only provides API for calling. Usually, the government will provide a simple client (commonly known as wallet). The function of this client wallet is also very simple. It can only establish address, verify signature, transfer payment, check balance, etc
extension layer
this layer is similar to the computer driver, which is to make blockchain procts more practical
application layer
this layer is similar to all kinds of software programs in computers. It is a proct that ordinary people can really use directly, and it can also be understood as the browser of B / S architecture procts. The application of this level is almost blank at present.
9. I Pacific Computer City configuration Intel CPU: pd820 motherboard: Intel 945G memory: kmx1g / 6g160g optical drive: LG DVD Samsung display 17 & # 39; CRT chassis ATX + 350W keyboard number standard: the total cost of photoelectric set delivery is 2820 yuan?? Please teach me!!!
10. Firstly, we need to know that blockchain is a new application mode of computer technology such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism and encryption algorithm. Secondly, as for the composition architecture of blockchain system, jinwowo Group believes that it is composed of data layer, network layer, consensus layer, incentive layer, contract layer and application layer
1. Data layer: encapsulates the underlying data block and related data encryption and timestamp technologies
2. Network layer: includes distributed networking mechanism, data propagation mechanism and data verification mechanism
3. Consensus layer: it mainly encapsulates various consensus algorithms of network nodes; The incentive layer integrates economic factors into the blockchain technology system, mainly including the issuance mechanism and distribution mechanism of economic incentives
4. Contract layer: it mainly encapsulates all kinds of scripts, algorithms and smart contracts, which is the basis of the programmable characteristics of blockchain; At present, jinwowo in Southwest China has taken the lead in big data research with blockchain as the underlying technology, and also provides big data services with blockchain as the underlying technology
5. Application layer: encapsulates various application scenarios and cases of blockchain. In this model, chain block structure based on timestamp, consensus mechanism of distributed nodes, economic incentive based on consensus computing power and flexible and programmable smart contract are the most representative innovations of blockchain technology
1. Data layer: encapsulates the underlying data block and related data encryption and timestamp technologies
2. Network layer: includes distributed networking mechanism, data propagation mechanism and data verification mechanism
3. Consensus layer: it mainly encapsulates various consensus algorithms of network nodes; The incentive layer integrates economic factors into the blockchain technology system, mainly including the issuance mechanism and distribution mechanism of economic incentives
4. Contract layer: it mainly encapsulates all kinds of scripts, algorithms and smart contracts, which is the basis of the programmable characteristics of blockchain; At present, jinwowo in Southwest China has taken the lead in big data research with blockchain as the underlying technology, and also provides big data services with blockchain as the underlying technology
5. Application layer: encapsulates various application scenarios and cases of blockchain. In this model, chain block structure based on timestamp, consensus mechanism of distributed nodes, economic incentive based on consensus computing power and flexible and programmable smart contract are the most representative innovations of blockchain technology
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