Blockchain Token Mode
of course, the coin here is what we often call token, which originally means token (temporary) in computer identity authentication. With the popularity of blockchain and digital currency, people have a variety of translations for token, including token, integral, certificate, logo, indicator, etc
the understanding of token in the market can be divided into two categories
in the first category, 99% of the people think token means token, because 99.9% of the projects do the same thing. Set up a foundation, build a website, write a white paper, and then go to ICO. Because most of the projects are still in the conceptual stage, token itself has no other meaning except trading, so people call it token, which performs the function of currency to some extent
in the second category, professionals and institutions are more willing to translate token into proof of equity, or token. For example, a person's identity certificate, academic certificate, equity, bonds, points, bills, etc., are authentic and tamperable because of the proof of rights and interests. Every proof of interest becomes more secure and reliable through the protection of cryptography
therefore, blockchain is not only a technology, but also a new mode of proction and organization, even a new thinking
so, the question now is, does the blockchain project have to issue currency
answer: you may not issue currency. Not all blockchain projects need to be issued with currency, and it is not necessarily blockchain projects that issue currency
for example, the alliance chain does not need to issue coins. For example, Tencent's q-coin, in principle, is also a kind of currency, but it is not a blockchain project
therefore, the two are not related, but if they are public chains, they need to issue coins. Why
let's take bitcoin as an example. Bitcoin system as a public chain must rely on the existence of bitcoin. Public chain obtains the stability and non tamperability of its system through the nodes distributed all over the world, and these properties are the basis for the existence of public chain
imagine that if the bitcoin system is unstable or can be easily tampered with, bitcoin will be worthless. These nodes are not set up by one or several companies, otherwise they are equivalent to private chain or alliance chain. These nodes must be built dynamically by many participants. And the existence of these nodes must need some kind of incentive, otherwise why do the builders of these nodes want to participate in your system. And this kind of incentive must be integrated with the blockchain system, and it must be money
then why is it currency, not legal currency, such as RMB, as an incentive
if RMB is used as incentive, because RMB should be stored in the RMB account, and the account itself is centralized, so it's easy to be controlled. Just think about why domestic bitcoin exchanges are so afraid of the central bank, and they are afraid of being weaned. In addition, RMB can't react with smart contracts within the blockchain
the electronic currency issued by the central bank can not be used as the original currency and incentive of a blockchain system. Why
if the central bank or a rich person wants to destroy a project, they just need to take out enough e-money to do enough nodes and attack 51%. Therefore, it is impossible to use the e-money issued by the central bank as the original currency and incentive blockchain system. However, blockchain projects with independent native currency and incentives have no such worries
If a person or organization wants to get enough nodes to carry out 51% attacks, it must first get more than 50% enough coins, and the amount of coins in the market is certain, so before it gets enough coins, the soaring price will make it hard for him to bear
therefore, a public chain project must have money. A public chain project without money is like a castrated person
in addition, only through the token and reasonable stimulation of output, can the proction relationship be changed and the value of blockchain be brought into play. Therefore, the project must have token, which can promote the development of the project faster. Token solves the problem of incentive and consensus, and incentive solves the problem of autonomy. The positive autonomous economic ecosystem and the underlying technology of blockchain are a perfect combination.
Pure blockchain technology can also be applied in non-financial fields. Here are some examples of blockchain technology application:
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cross center sharing of provident fund blacklist
ant financial blockchain and Huaxin Yong build "cloud platform of joint dishonesty punishment and deposit proof", Hainan province takes the lead in sharing the black list and deposit certificate of provident fund across centers and regions through the platform -
business service blockchain platform
the platform uses blockchain technology to open the service mode of "all-weather, zero meeting, one click" and applicants can apply for business license through the "blockchain + AI" platform, which takes only one and a half hours -
Jingdong Logistics creates a blockchain traceability platform with one click traceability of beef and mutton
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there are many areas where blockchain technology can be applied, and it does not have to be related to digital currency. Cryptography focuses on blockchain information< br />
the fourth category is the asset token blockchain project. Asset token refers to linking blockchain assets to physical assets such as gold and US dollars. It is the blockchain mapping of physical assets. At present, there are no more than 10 varieties. The typical representative is usdt against US dollars, digix Dao against gold, digix. Each token represents 1 gram of Gold Certified by London Bullion Market Association
asset token has the advantages of convenient transaction and storage. First of all, asset token is more convenient for transaction. Because blockchain assets can be split, it has better liquidity. For example, at present, real estate needs to be transferred as a whole. If the real estate can be token, it can be split and purchased, which is more convenient for transaction
secondly, the token of physical assets is more concive to custody. Gold is easy to wear out and cause losses in physical transactions. However, after the token of physical assets, there is no need for physical transfer, which is more concive to the custody of physical assets.
Share from DTV: how does the blockchain of DTV make profits in the end:
1. Build a blockchain ecosystem
Why do start-ups join in blockchain public chain projects one after another? Because it's a great opportunity. Any enterprise has the opportunity to create an ecosystem that subverts the existing pattern with its own ideas and operations. In this system, the currency designated by the ecosystem owner will circulate
because start-ups hold a certain amount of money and reserve some money for enterprises to dig, and the total amount of money is fixed, the faster the flow speed of the ecosystem is, the greater the demand for money is. More transactions chase less money, and the currency is bound to appreciate, but this idea is based on the fact that the currency is irreplaceable
now many research groups are developing cross chain technology to connect blockchains in different fields, so as to achieve the free circulation of money flow and data flow, and finally go to the exchange
in this case, the impact of a chain of money shortage on the ecosystem may not be as simple as the classical monetary theory, and the money price is likely not to follow the simple relationship between supply and demand. Designers need to think about this from a macroeconomic perspective
this is also the most attractive part of blockchain project: everyone is likely to establish new rules in this new field and become the manager of Qu centralized system. By then, the owners of the blockchain will have the ability to control the economy of the whole field - selling or inhaling digital currency will have a huge impact on the instry
2. Providing services for enterprises
providing services for enterprises is the main profit model of blockchain projects at the present stage, and cloud storage security skeptics are likely to turn to traceable and tamper proof blockchain service providers to seek maximum data security
for example, a blockchain start-up operating a data sharing platform, its main business includes providing data storage and data transaction services for customers, thus charging service fees and handling charges
there are many domestic start-up companies operating such businesses, such as cloud nest, border intelligence, magic chain technology, etc. Each company has excellent technology, but to make a profit, it may have to work hard on the operation
today, Tencent cloud's tbaas has joined this field and can provide services covering finance, supply chain, Internet of things, medical and other fields. It is believed that the competition and expansion of customers will become more difficult in the future
3. Smart contract participates in profit making
smart contract is like a contract that can be executed automatically. The validity of the contract is judged and enforced by machines instead of people. Its essence is still a piece of code, but the traceability and non tampering characteristics of blockchain can ensure that this piece of code runs automatically under the non trust mechanism. Blockchain is the precondition of smart contract operation
in practice, there are many opportunities for profit making through smart contracts, and smart contracts can solve these problems in a non black box way
in the running process of the program, the smart contract performs audit, classification information and other operations, which eliminates the interference of middlemen, and the record will not be artificially damaged, and the font on the file will not be blurred for a long time
but to some extent, the operators of smart contracts themselves become middlemen, and they automatically collect and pay audit fees through smart contracts. This kind of special intermediary service saves a lot of costs for customers, and its essence is realized by improving efficiency
4. Operation of special service driven system
many enterprises have their own exclusive fields in building blockchain community. Take the neurogenomics project led by geneticist church as an example. After enjoying the gene sequencing service provided by neurola, consumers can not pay in the form of legal money, but have to exchange legal money into the token issued by neurola
as more people exchange legal money for this token, nebula will successfully build a blockchain platform with gene data as the core, and after that, it will better carry out precision medical services
generally speaking, this mode relies on the actual technology, makes profits from offline services at the beginning of the project, and converts the legal money in the income into token in the process of making profits. With the progress of the project, the platform can carry out more precision medical services with the help of the data obtained from the start mode, and its profit methods have become diversified, but the whole process will not be separated from the entity
in the whole process of enterprise operation, token is mainly used as incentive, and token appreciation is not a problem that geneticists should consider
The original purpose of project 1CO is to crowdfunding in the market through pre-sale service. In 2013, the early 1CO company appeared in the financial field, and then quickly detonated the entire digital money market, resulting in the rise of speculationhowever, this storm came and went quickly. From 2013 to 2014 alone, many projects died in the speculation or were directly judged as fraud
according to Engadget data, 45.6% of the 902 crowdfunding based digital currencies have failed in 2017
Even so, there are still many survivors. These enterprises (including those that build the ecosystem) attach great importance to the role of token, and the appreciation of token will be calculated as part of the profits In essence, it is similar to an enterprise operating both financial assets (token) and operating assets (service) to manage operating assets to make financial assets profitable. However, if the proportion of "financial assets" is too large, the risk will come uninvited The foundation of sharing economy is to monitor the available resources and corresponding demands in real time and make adjustments to maximize the utilization of resources. For unicorns like airbnb, they have a mature management mode and stable cash flow. They try blockchain because blockchain technology can bring more transparent, more efficient and fairer systemsthis kind of enterprises use blockchain in the way of private chain or alliance chain. They don't need token to participate in circulation, and the nodes don't exist anonymously. They are interested in blockchain technology itself
with the blessing of blockchain technology, the manual input of ID information issued by the government will be transformed into the safe storage and verification of ID issued by the government. Customers and landlords can completely rely on the evaluation content. At the same time, the comments can be traced back to avoid the possibility of negative comments being deleted and the participation of the Navy
the profit model of airbnb and Tencent
With the rapid increase in the number of bitcoin scams, there are easy ways to check whether a cheater has been reported to have used a bitcoin address, such as in a counterfeit bitcoin gift. You can also easily report any bitcoin address associated with the fraud
check the "bitcoin abuse" database
the number of bitcoin scams has been growing rapidly. Many of them ask people to send bitcoin to the address they provide. For example, the bitcoin giveaway scam promises to double the number of bitcoins you send. Last week's major twitter hacking, for example, included many highly regarded tweets about fake bitcoin gifts
before sending bitcoin to an address, you can check whether the address is reported as fraulent. Bitcoin abuse is a popular website with a public database of bitcoin addresses used by hackers and criminals. You can look up bitcoin addresses, report fraulent addresses, and monitor addresses reported by others
if the bitcoin address you searched on the website has been reported by others, the website will display information, such as the number of times the address was reported, the date and time of the last report, the total amount of bitcoin received, and the number of transactions. There will also be a link to blockchain info for you to track transactions at that address. The site will also display all reports filed at that address
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fraud alert website also provides some useful information about different types of encryption scams, such as pornography, blackmail software, Ponzi scheme, gifts, black net and theft. It provides some basic advice to prevent fraud, such as "don't trust anyone" and "verify.". The website lists the addresses of the top ten scams. According to the funds received, the most successful scams are Ponzi scheme, fake exchange and fake bitcoin gifts. YouTube also has a lot of bitcoin scams in videos and advertisements, especially fake gifts. The fraudsters claimed that celebrities such as SpaceX and Tesla CEO Elon Musk, Microsoft founder Bill Gates, Virgin Galactic chairman chamath palihapitiya and Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos were giving away bitcoin. The fake Elon Musk BTC giveaway is one of the most successful bitcoin scams, making millions of dollars
before twitter was hacked, whale alert reported on July 10 that it "can confirm that in the past four years, fraudsters have stolen only $38 million of bitcoin (excluding Ponzi scheme, which is a billion dollar instry)), of which $24 million is in the first six months of 2020."