Improve the efficiency of blockchain consensus

1. 1. What is the technology of blockchain?

2. There are many consensus mechanisms in the blockchain. The advantage of the pow consensus mechanism behind bitcoin, the most influential one, is that it is secure and can not be tampered with. The disadvantage is that it is too slow to process only seven transactions a second

3. Blockchain is a decentralized distributed ledger system, which can be used to register and issue digital assets, property rights certificates, points, etc., and transfer, pay and trade in a point-to-point manner. Compared with the traditional centralized ledger system, blockchain system has the advantages of complete disclosure, tamper proof, multiple payment prevention, and does not rely on any trusted third party
e to the high network delay in peer-to-peer network, the transaction order observed by each node can not be completely consistent. Therefore, the blockchain system needs to design a mechanism to reach a consensus on the sequence of transactions that occur in the same time. This algorithm to reach consensus on the order of transactions in a time window is called consensus mechanism
-- chainknow

4. At present, there are four main types of consensus mechanisms: pow, POS, dpos, pool
1. POW workload proof, which is familiar with mining, calculates a random number that meets the rules through and or operation, that is, obtains the bookkeeping right, sends out the data that needs to be recorded in this round, and stores it together with other nodes in the whole network after verification
advantages: complete decentralization, free access of nodes
disadvantages: bitcoin has attracted most of the computing power in the world, and other blockchain applications using POW consensus mechanism are difficult to obtain the same computing power to ensure their own security; Mining causes a lot of waste of resources; The period of reaching consensus is long, which is not suitable for commercial application.

2. Proof of rights and interests of POS, a mechanism of upgrading consensus of pow; According to the token proportion and time of each node; It can rece the difficulty of mining in equal proportion, so as to speed up the speed of finding random numbers< Advantages: to a certain extent, it shortens the time to reach a consensus
disadvantages: mining is still needed, which does not solve the pain point of commercial application in essence

3. Dpos share authorization certification mechanism is similar to the voting of the board of directors, in which the coin holders cast a certain number of nodes to verify and account on their behalf
advantages: greatly rece the number of participating verification and accounting nodes, which can achieve second level consensus verification
disadvantages: the whole consensus mechanism still depends on token, and many commercial applications do not need token to exist

4. Pool verification pool, which is based on traditional distributed consistency technology and data verification mechanism; It is a consensus mechanism widely used in the instry chain at present.
advantages: it can work without token, and realizes second level consensus verification on the basis of mature distributed consistency algorithms (pasox and raft)
disadvantages: the degree of decentralization is not as good as that of bictin; The multi center business model is more suitable for multi-party participation

it has great advantages in using consensus mechanism to ensure data consistency (the consensus mechanism is first proposed by ripple, and the network transaction synchronization mechanism with data correctness priority. In the consensus network, no matter how the software code changes, if you can't reach a consensus, you can't enter the network, let alone fork)
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PS: a little black, although the consensus mechanism can absolutely ensure that there will be no hard bifurcation at any time. However, the disadvantage of this mechanism is obvious, that is, it is much longer than the current bitcoin network to reach a consensus with other nodes. In extreme cases, the consequences of disconnection in ripple consensus mechanism network are also very terrible

it is possible that one day after the power failure in your home, the whole system will no longer be able to reach a consensus with other rippled nodes (in fact, the consensus mechanism requires more than 80% of the nodes to acknowledge your data before your submission will be accepted by other nodes, otherwise it will be rejected by exclusive nodes), Even you can only empty all your 500 GB data and resynchronize to connect to other ripple nodes

so at present, the existing rippled end is not suitable for civil use (if it is commercial, the impact is relatively small. For example, RL's own rippled node is hosted in Amazon cloud data center. If it has no response for a long time, it can make high claims, and there is almost no break in that place except for large disasters). This is one of the aspects RL has always wanted to improve.

5. How to reach a consensus on decentralized networks
in the blockchain system, there is no centralized bookkeeping institution like a bank, so it is very important to ensure the consistency of each transaction on all bookkeeping nodes, that is, to make the whole network reach a consensus. The consensus mechanism solves this problem
at present, the main consensus mechanisms are workload proof mechanism POW and equity proof mechanism POS
POW determines your chances of getting bookkeeping rights by evaluating your workload. The greater the workload, the more likely you will get this bookkeeping opportunity
POS determines your chances of getting bookkeeping rights by evaluating the number and ration of tokens you hold. This is similar to the stock dividend system, holding a relatively large number of shares can get more dividends
the principle of dpos is similar to that of POS, except that some "deputies to the National People's Congress" are selected. The main difference from POS is that the node elects several agents, which are verified and recorded by the agents
with the development of technology, more advanced consensus mechanisms may emerge in the future.

6. The analysis of Chongqing jinwowo network is as follows:
blockchain is a decentralized distributed ledger system. Due to the high network delay in the peer-to-peer network, the transaction order observed by each node can not be completely consistent
therefore, the blockchain system needs to design a mechanism to reach a consensus on the sequence of transactions that occur in the same time
this algorithm to reach consensus on the order of transactions in a time window is called "consensus mechanism".

7. Jinwowo uses a vivid metaphor to illustrate: if consensus is the basis of blockchain, then consensus mechanism is the soul of blockchain
when explaining what a blockchain is, we can use a simple and clear decentralized distributed ledger to summarize it. However, in this ledger, how to sort the things generated in almost the same time is related to the consensus mechanism of the blockchain network
therefore, jinwowo network technology believes that consensus mechanism is an algorithm to reach consensus on the sequence of things in a period of time.

8. Generally speaking, the competition of blockchain public chain is fierce now, because the public chain project is the foundation of blockchain ecology, and the public chain is a super project with huge system, extremely complex and extremely difficult. At present, the overall market situation is similar to that in the early days of the computer system, which started with the development of technology; Linux operating system and UNIX (Younis) are changing, but in the end, windows dominates and apple OS coexists for a long time< br /> 
at present, Ethereum and EOS are the most popular public chains. However, the market value of EOS has plummeted after its epic loophole recently, which has been downplayed by many media. Often the most promising at the beginning may not win in the end. Recently, because of their innovative consensus algorithm, they proposed quite innovative CPOs and focused on a new public chain project

their name is gaiaworld public chain, and their CPOs consensus algorithm is their core technology. Specific technical details can go to the official website to see the white paper, in short, TPS speed has reached a new height, faster than Ethereum, and can support the layout of large projects< br /> 
at the same time, they have innovated two other technologies. Parallel chain technology can make it easier for other developers to release side chains, and then aegis protocol, which is a specific smart contract protocol&# 160;< br /> 
now there are so many air projects, it's really hard to distinguish the good from the bad, but I think the technology platform is the future
hope to adopt

9. In the blockchain network, verification nodes are specially deployed for pow calculation. These verification nodes can be built by a number of different Internet of things service providers using mainstream PC servers for the purpose of transaction settlement. Therefore, bitbox thinks that there is no possibility of user data leakage and utilization