Jiuqi blockchain letter

1.

In recent years, financial fraud, accountant audit failure and other risk events occur from time to time in the capital market, which brings legal risk and reputation risk to commercial banks, and has attracted the attention of the leaders of the State Council

on December 18, the "bank letter blockchain service platform" was officially released, which was launched by China Banking Association and China Institute of certified public accountants to actively implement the document requirements of the notice on further standardizing the work of bank letter and reply letter, study and promote the digital construction of letter, and improve the standardization level of letter business

"we hope that the future bank letter blockchain service platform can play a role in preventing and resolving risks, promote the improvement of letter quality and efficiency, strive to build a demonstration digital platform with high security, strong public welfare, convenience and efficiency, and make e contributions to improving the construction of social credit system and strengthening financial services for the real economy." Liu Fushou, chief lawyer of CIRC, said at the press conference

Pan Guangwei, full-time vice president of China Banking Association, said that in the future, China Banking Association will work with relevant institutions to promote the transformation and upgrading of letter business towards the direction of intensive operation and management, electronic path, standardized business process and refined data governance, improve the quality of accounting information and audit, promote the construction of social credit system and help the high-quality development of banking instry

three core advantages

bank letter and reply are the process in which the certified public accountant, after obtaining the authorization of the audited unit, directly sends the confirmation letter to the banking financial institutions, inquires about the authenticity of the audited unit's bank deposit, bank loan, guarantee, financial management and other information, and the bank inquires, checks the relevant information and provides the reply

According to pan Guangwei, letter confirmation is one of the core proceres of independent audit, which is crucial to identify errors and frauds in financial statements. For the whole financial market, letter work is related to the quality and efficiency of audit work, the quality of accounting information and the authenticity of capital market data, which is very important to prevent financial risks

"the bank letter blockchain service platform adheres to the construction concept of authority, fairness and public welfare, follows the principles of marketization, openness and graalness, and graally promotes the transformation and development of bank letter to the direction of intensification, electronization, standardization and refinement, with three core advantages." Pan Guangwei said

one is platform target location. The platform has changed the offline decentralized letter reply mode to online centralized processing, which can complete the whole process of bank letter application, authorization, sending and reply online, speed up the letter processing efficiency, effectively solve various disadvantages of traditional paper letter mode, rece the degree of manual intervention of accounting firms, banks, audited units and other related parties, and enhance risk control, Rece the risk of data error and fraud

Second, in terms of platform security. The platform only retains the information of the letter transmission process, not the letter data information, and pays attention to the information isolation and confidentiality, so as to ensure the data security of banks and offices. The platform has a financial level security protection environment, which can realize 7 * 24-hour system safe operation

The third is the platform technical support. The platform chooses "ICBC Xi chain" as the underlying blockchain technology. ICBC Xi chain not only has significant technical advantages, but also has completely independent intellectual property rights. It has passed the authoritative certification of trusted blockchain of MIIT, and has many mature application projects

100 banks have applied for access

at the press conference, pan Guangwei also said that after confirming that the bank letter platform takes blockchain as the underlying technology, the working group has carried out on-site communication with a number of technology companies with blockchain technology and scene application one by one. After experts' evaluation, the blockchain technology is selected to be independent and controllable, safe and reliable, and the business connection and scene application are improved ICBC technology, which has more advantages in later operation and maintenance, is the project contractor

it is understood that as the underlying blockchain technology, "ICBC Xi chain" participated in the trusted blockchain evaluation of China Academy of information technology in 2019 and 2020, and passed five technical evaluations of function, baas, performance, security and password with 100% passing rate. It is the first blockchain proct in the financial instry to be certified by an official authoritative evaluation institution

"with the strong support of instrial and Commercial Bank of China and instrial and Commercial Bank of China technology, the system development work was officially completed on October 26, and joint debugging and testing work was being carried out with a number of banks and accounting firms. At present, 100 banks and dozens of accounting firms have clearly signed up to apply for access to the platform. We will actively connect with banks and accounting firms to be connected to the platform, and provide solutions and training according to the needs of all parties. " Pan Guangwei said

Zhang Wenwu, vice president of ICBC, said at the press conference that ICBC has always paid attention to the quality of bank letter work, and ICBC technology company has further innovated and improved on the basis of ICBC's original letter e-letter, spared no effort in platform construction, and realized the platform's proction and online on schele“ The signing of the cooperation agreement will be taken as an opportunity for the first batch of banks to actively cooperate with the construction of the platform, promote the interconnection between e-letter and the platform, and fully support the use of the platform through the practice of centralized letter and certificate at the bank end. "

At the press conference, Liu Fushou also said that it is necessary to promote the construction of the letter certification platform in a safe and orderly manner, adhere to the principle of safety, prudence and risk control, adhere to the principle of pilot first and steady progress, and adhere to dynamic adjustment and continuous improvement

2.

Under normal circumstances, one or two gold can be exchanged for eight to eleven taels of silver; One or two silver coins can be exchanged for about 1000 to 1500 copper coins. In ancient times, it was usually said that the money or a hanging of money was a thousand Wen

1 liang gold = RMB 2000 yuan = 10 Liang silver

1 liang of silver = RMB 200 = 1000 Wen = 1 Guan (hang) Qian

1 Wen = 0.2 yuan

in addition: 1 stone meter = 1 liang silver

extended information:

exchange relationship

the exchange ratio between copper, silver and gold, just like the current foreign exchange price, often changes, unlike the one yuan equals 100 points. According to the following description:

"the price of gold and silver rose from 1:8 around 1600 to 1:10 in the middle and late 20th century, and doubled to 1:20 by the end of the 18th century."

It can be seen that 1 liang of gold can be exchanged for 8 ~ 11 liang of silver. In the early years of Daoguang, one or two silver coins were exchanged for a crane, that is, one thousand Wen; By the time of the Opium War in the 20th year of Daoguang, one or two silver coins could be exchanged for 16700 RMB. Since Xianfeng, the price of silver has soared, and one or two silver coins can be exchanged for as much as two thousand two hundred and three hundred Wen. "

it can be seen that under normal circumstances, one liang of silver can be exchanged for 1000-1500 Wen of copper coins. In ancient times, one Guan coin or one Diao coin is 1000 Wen