A brief history of blockchain

3.

When the global financial crisis broke out in 2008, someone published a paper under the pseudonym of "Nakamoto Tsung", describing the mode of bitcoin

many bitcoin players are attracted by the fact that bitcoin can not be issued at will. Contrary to the attitude of bitcoin players, economists have a polarized attitude towards the fixed amount of 21 million bitcoin

Economists of Keynesian school believe that the government should actively regulate the total amount of money, and use the tightness of monetary policy to timely fuel or brake the economy. As a result, they believe that bitcoin's fixed aggregate currency sacrifices its adjustability, and worse still, it will inevitably lead to deflation, thereby harming the overall economy. Austrian economists hold the opposite view. They think that the less the government intervenes in money, the better. The deflation caused by the fixed amount of money is not a big deal, even a sign of social progress

bitcoin network generates new bitcoin through "mining". In essence, the so-called "mining" is to use computers to solve a complex mathematical problem to ensure the consistency of bitcoin network distributed accounting system. Bitcoin network will automatically adjust the difficulty of mathematical problems, so that the whole network will get a qualified answer about every 10 minutes. Then bitcoin network will generate a certain amount of bitcoin as a reward to reward the person who gets the answer

when bitcoin was born in 2009, each reward was 50 bitcoins. Ten minutes after its birth, the first 50 bitcoins were generated, and the total amount of money at this time is 50. Then bitcoin grew at a rate of about 50 every 10 minutes. When the total amount reaches 10.5 million (50% of 21 million), the bounty will be halved to 25. When the total amount reached 15.75 million (5.25 million new output, or 50% of 1050), the bounty was further halved to 12.5

first of all, according to its design principle, the total amount of bitcoin will continue to grow until it reaches 21 million more than 100 years later. But the total amount of bitcoin will grow very slowly in the later period. In fact, 87.5% of bitcoin will be "g up" in the first 12 years. Therefore, in terms of the total amount of money, bitcoin will not reach a fixed amount, and its total amount of money will continue to expand, although the speed is getting slower and slower. So it looks like bitcoin is the inflation currency

However, the judgment of deflation or inflation is not based on whether the total amount of money is decreasing or increasing, but on whether the overall price level is falling or rising. The rise of overall price is inflation, and vice versa. In the long run, the issuing mechanism of bitcoin determines that the growth rate of its total amount of money will be far lower than that of social wealth

Economists of Keynesian school believe that the continuous decline of prices will make people tend to postpone consumption, because the same dollar can buy more things tomorrow. The rection of consumption will further lead to shrinking demand, unsalable goods, lower prices and a vicious circle of "deflation spiral". Similarly, the deflationary currency itself can appreciate even if it is not deposited in the bank (the purchasing power becomes stronger and stronger), people's willingness to invest will increase, and social proction will fall into a downturn[ 5] Therefore, bitcoin is a currency with deflationary tendency. In bitcoin economies, commodity prices priced with bitcoin will continue to fall

bitcoin is a kind of network virtual currency with limited quantity, but it can be used to cash out: it can be converted into the currency of most countries. You can use bitcoin to buy some virtual items, such as clothes, hats, equipment, etc. in online games. As long as someone accepts it, you can also use bitcoin to buy real-life items

4. This concept was proposed in the white paper [1] of Nakamoto Tsung, who created the first block, namely "Genesis block"< On January 3, 2009, the founder of bitcoin, Mr. Nakamoto, left an unchangeable sentence in the genesis block:
"the times 03 / Jan / 2009 Chancellor on brink of second low for banks (on January 3, 2009, the chancellor of the exchequer was on the verge of implementing the second round of bank emergency assistance)."
at that time, the British Chancellor of the exchequer, darling, was forced to consider a second attempt to relieve the banking crisis, which was the headline of the front page article of the times that day
the time stamp service and existence proof of blockchain, the time generated by the first blockchain and the events that happened at that time are permanently preserved
BTCC, a bitcoin company, launched a service "Millennium chain" in 2015, namely blockchain lettering service, which is based on the above principles. Users can use this service to engrave text on the blockchain and save it permanently
bitcoin, Ruitai coin, Laite coin, dogcoin, Ethereum and other digital currencies will use blockchain technology.

5. The development of blockchain can be divided into three stages. Melanie Swann, founder of blockchain Science Research Institute, in her book blockchain: blueprint and guide to new economy, according to the application and development of blockchain, it can be divided into three stages: blockchain 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0< br /> 
I. blockchain 1.0 cryptocurrency era (2008-2013)
&
in 2008, Nakamoto first proposed the concepts of bitcoin and blockchain, and then in January 2009, the first blockchain came out. At this stage, people pay more attention to the transaction of cryptocurrency, and blockchain is only used as the underlying technology to act as a "public account book"< br /> 
2. Blockchain 2.0 smart contract era (2014-2017)
&
in 2014, & quot; Blockchain 2.0 "has become the pronoun of decentralized blockchain database. At this stage, people mainly focus on the application of the platform. Anyone can upload and execute the smart contract on the blockchain, and will be rewarded automatically after the execution. Because this transaction process does not need any intermediary, so people's privacy has been greatly protected< br /> 
III. blockchain 3.0 large scale application era (2018 -)
&
at this stage, people begin to build a completely decentralized data network, and the application of blockchain technology is no longer limited to the economic field, but expanded to the fields of art, law, real estate, hospital, human resources and so on.

6. The underlying logic of blockchain is to store information in a common competitive accounting mode, which can be understood as a book that records digital asset transactions and can not be tampered with by anyone without permission
blockchain is a basic digital currency technology such as bitcoin, and it is also the only technology that has been applied to realize cash at present
now that digital currency trading has been closed in China, the vitality of the old brands who used to do well in China has been seriously damaged, and some units relying on overseas have risen, such as coin an, which is now the most popular.

7. In September 2017, krypton finance was established
in March 2018, krypton financial website was officially launched
on March 18, 2018, the "never stop" project, sponsored by krypton finance and btc123, officially opened krypton's national tour
in July 2018, it was invested in Angel round financing;, The capital side is the original chain capital[ 1]
in August 2018, thousand krypton finance and btc123 created a sharp topic program "hot pot banquet" to chat about the savage growth of blockchain instry and projects

8. In 2015,
Golden Nest network technology company was formally established. The northwest operation center of the Golden Bay West was formally established
2016
Golden Nest, which was incorporated into the "Internet plus" pilot unit by the Chongqing Municipal Commission of letters, and the joint venture with Chongqing University was the
2017
Golden Nest and the Guangxi University For Nationalities formally signed strategic cooperation agreement. Jinwowo has been selected as the key cultivation base of national intellectual property rights and formally reached the strategic cooperation of blockchain with the science and Technology Park of National University of Beijing University of Posts and telecommunications. The strategic cooperation memoranm of jinwowo on building blockchain big data application system has been signed
since 2018, jinwowo has hosted China (Chongqing) blockchain innovation and Application Forum, and reached strategic cooperation with Beidou Tianji and zhangfeimao, Jointly build blockchain and big data joint laboratory with Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications

9. After reading the English version, I don't fully agree with some viewpoints. Let's integrate the ideas in it with my own knowledge. I want to say more, so I want to make a list:

first, from ape man to Homo sapiens, from Homo sapiens to God Man
Second, the community of imagination
Third, information is the "capital" of this era
Fourth, the future is the era of sharing experience
fifth, the community of imagination now is "humanism"
sixth, the crisis of humanism
seventh What we should learn from "humanism" is worth learning.
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1. From ape man to Homo sapiens, from Homo sapiens to God Man

the author puts forward the method of upgrading Homo sapiens to God Man: genetic transformation + human brain connecting computer, It's like the rise in fantasy novels<

70000 years ago, ordinary ape people could not understand the Homo sapiens after gene mutation, and we modern Homo sapiens could not understand the god man who connected computers and transformed genes. But the risk of upgrading is just like gene mutation. In order to get a small function, we have to sacrifice a lot of things and take a great risk

we have learned to walk upright, so we are more likely to suffer from cardiovascular disease and cervical spondylosis

(I personally guess and fantasize that God and man will have the ability to let the brain automatically secrete dopamine when you need to be happy; When you need to pay attention, it will make your brain exclude the possibility of thinking about other things... God and man can change their thoughts, emotions, desires, feelings... So that they are no longer completely controlled by themselves.)

millions of years ago, human beings and all animals lived together. They only had "objective reality". When they saw fruit, they would drool. Because you had eaten it before, you can imagine how cool it was when you ate it, so you have to eat it

until 70000 years ago, the gene mutation allowed human beings to imagine something that didn't exist. I imagine a knife. Shall we grind it out with stone This subjective experience is consciousness, which is now recognized by science but difficult to explain. It is also the difference between human and computer.)<

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Second, the community of imagination
at that time, Homo sapiens could imagine something about to happen, and communicate with their teammates in words: "tomorrow we will encircle a group of prey from the path behind the mountain, how do you attack, How can I cooperate with... "And then revise the preview model according to the actual situation

at that time, Homo sapiens could begin to imagine the existence of God and describe the God you saw to the people around them. This kind of imagination is called "subjective reality"

but what really works is intersubjectivity. You imagine and make up something, and then everyone believes it

so we do a lot of rituals. We go to the church to attend the wedding, kowtow to our predecessors in front of the tombstone, we have Qingming Festival, Mid Autumn Festival... All the festivals and all the cultures are our imagined community. But it has the limitation of time and region. We Chinese people believed in Chinese culture before, and Confucius' benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom and faith was impacted by Europa's humanism in modern times< However, modern Europa conquered and unified the world with Western civilization, and now the mainstream of Humanism (including liberalism, socialism and evolutionism) is liberalism. The values of liberalism are: different people's inner experience brings diversity and richness to the world, and emphasizes personal emotion. And it is diversity that brings all kinds of procts and services to the country, which makes the economy grow

in fantasy novels, people can become gods. When people become gods, others can believe in you and gain your power, the power of faith

as the "subjective reality" imagined by us, religion and culture are the same. The more people believe in it, the more powerful it is

and the Internet is a powerful super powerful "subjective reality". The more things it connects, the stronger it is

blockchain, bitcoin, currency, credit, values... The more people accept, spread and communicate, the higher its value

the same is true of information. We believe in information, we believe in the Internet

in the past, these fictional subjective realities led us to believe that the power of the emperor was granted by God. When we watched the Pope coronate the emperor, we thought that the power of the emperor was granted by God

now, if you like a brand and tear off the label, is it still that brand? This brand still exists. It may not need a label at all. It may be Muji. When you buy this proct, you know the story behind the proct and buy experience for this story

you like a star and worship an idol. If this person becomes your husband, you will find that what you like is not him (physically himself), but the fictional "he"

money is fictitious, BT money, Alipay, WeChat pay... To ants flower, Jingdong white stripes invented your credit, your wealth is summarized by several data.

the countries in our minds may just have imagined together the concept of "geopolitical system", which divides people in a region

in the future, many concepts such as country, parents, kinship, ethics and so on will disappear. I will choose to form a group with people who have common imagination and reality (that is, the same values, similar lifestyles, aesthetics, hobbies and so on) and build a common belief or idol in our minds I guess this is the future value of vertical crowd