The daily operation and maintenance of blockchain system include
blockchain is a term in the field of information technology. In essence, it is a shared database. The data or information stored in it is characterized by "unforgeability", "trace in the whole process", "traceability", "openness and transparency" and "collective maintenance". Based on these characteristics, blockchain technology has laid a solid "trust" foundation, created a reliable "cooperation" mechanism, and has broad application prospects
on January 10, 2019, the state Internet Information Office issued the regulations on the management of blockchain information services. In October 24, 2019, ring the eighteenth collective learning of the Central Political Bureau, general secretary Xi Jinping stressed that "block chain as an important breakthrough in core technology and independent innovation", "accelerating the development of block chain technology and instrial innovation". "Blockchain" has entered the public field of vision and become the focus of social attention
on December 2, 2019, the word was selected into the top ten catchwords of "biting words" in 2019
extended data:
Application of blockchain Finance:
since 2016, the major financial giants have also carried out blockchain innovation projects to explore the possibility of applying blockchain Technology in various financial scenarios. In particular, Puyin group took the lead in creating a "blockchain +" standard digital currency
standard digital currency refers to the process of assets identification, evaluation, right confirmation and insurance completed by a third party organization, which is written into the blockchain through careful digital algorithm to form the standard corresponding relationship between assets and digital currency, which is called standard digital currency
in order to realize the great leap forward development of blockchain finance, promote the new development of China's economy, accelerate the circulation of global assets, and realize the dream of rejuvenation that has been struggling for generations, Puyin group will hold the Guiyang strategic development ceremony of Puyin blockchain finance in Guizhou on December 9, 2016
the meeting will discuss the realization of digital circulation of assets by blockchain, the financial transaction mode of blockchain, and the application of blockchain services and social public instry. This conference will mark the beginning of the application of blockchain finance and the change and development of the new financial ecology
on June 1, 2020, Xinhua news agency was authorized to broadcast the "overall plan for the construction of Hainan free trade port" issued by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, which will "actively participate in the formulation of international rules for cross-border data flow, and establish standards and rules for data rights confirmation, data trading, data security and blockchain finance" as one of the key tasks of Hainan free trade port before 2035
among them, the data layer encapsulates the underlying data block and related data encryption and timestamp technologies; The network layer includes distributed networking mechanism, data transmission mechanism and data verification mechanism; The consensus layer mainly encapsulates all kinds of consensus algorithms of network nodes; The incentive layer integrates economic factors into the blockchain technology system, mainly including the issuance mechanism and distribution mechanism of economic incentives; The contract layer mainly encapsulates all kinds of scripts, algorithms and smart contracts, which is the basis of the programmable characteristics of blockchain; The application layer encapsulates various application scenarios and cases of blockchain. In this model, chain block structure based on timestamp, consensus mechanism of distributed nodes, economic incentive based on consensus computing power and flexible and programmable smart contract are the most representative innovations of blockchain technology.
2-The distributed database is the physical carrier of the blockchain, and the blockchain is the logical carrier of the transaction. All core nodes should contain the full of the blockchain data
3-The blockchain serializes the blocks according to time, and the blockchain is the only body of the whole network transaction data
4-The blockchain is only effective for adding, Invalid for other operations
5-public-private key verification based on asymmetric encryption
6-accounting node requires that Byzantine general problem can be solved / avoided
7-consensus progress is evolutionarily stable, that is, it will not collapse in the face of a certain amount of contradictory data of different nodes
8-consensus process can solve the problem of double spending
five characteristics of blockchain:
decentralized
e to the use of Distributed Accounting and storage, there is no centralized hardware or management organization, the rights and obligations of any node are equal, and the data blocks in the system are jointly maintained by the nodes with maintenance function in the whole system
thanks to the decentralization of blockchain, bitcoin also has the characteristics of decentralization [6]
openness
the system is open, in addition to the private information of all parties to the transaction is encrypted, the data of the blockchain is open to all, and anyone can query the blockchain data and develop related applications through the open interface, so the information of the whole system is highly transparent
autonomy
blockchain adopts consensus based specifications and Protocols (such as a set of open and transparent algorithms) to enable all nodes in the whole system to exchange data freely and safely in a de trusted environment, so that the trust in "people" is changed into the trust in machines, and any human intervention does not work
information cannot be tampered with
once the information is verified and added to the blockchain, it will be stored permanently. Unless more than 51% of the nodes in the system can be controlled at the same time, the modification of the database on a single node is invalid, so the data stability and reliability of the blockchain are extremely high<
anonymity
since the exchange between nodes follows a fixed algorithm, their data interaction does not need trust (the program rules in the blockchain will judge whether the activity is effective by themselves), so the counterparties do not need to let the counterparties generate their own trust by disclosing their identities, which is very helpful for credit accumulation.
1. Decentralized: the left side of Figure 1 describes the centralized characteristics of today's financial system, and the right side describes the emerging decentralized financial system, which has no intermediary, and the rights and obligations of all nodes are equal. Any node that stops working will not affect the overall operation of the system
2. Trustworthiness: all nodes in the system can trade without trust, because the operation of the database and the whole system is open and transparent, and nodes cannot cheat each other within the rules and time range of the system
3. Collective maintenance: the system is maintained by all the nodes with maintenance function, and all the people in the system participate in the maintenance work together
4. Reliable database: every node in the system has the latest complete database , so it is invalid to modify the database of a single node, because the system will automatically compare and think that the same data record that appears most times is true
the blockchains of bitcoin, Ethereum and decent all have these characteristics.
bitcoin is a typical blockchain system, which can be studied carefully