BTC spot quantitative trading
Publish: 2021-03-27 05:43:01
1. Yes, at present, there is a team specialized in quantitative trading in the market, which can be accessed to the API of the exchange. Some exchanges will also seek institutional cooperation to become market makers and provide liquidity for exchanges.
2. Quantification is materialization, using models to conct proceral transactions. Btliving program trading is more and more well known and used by more and more people, which has a good prospect.
3. Money has the function of value measure and circulation means. There are also storage functions and means of payment
value scale = when you buy something, a bottle of water is one yuan. The one yuan here is the currency of concept, and no one needs to take out one yuan and put it there to tell you that this thing is one yuan
means of circulation = when you want to own this bottle of water, you must give the seller a dollar, instead of just saying "I'll give you a dollar ~"
the function of storage is to store valuable currency (such as gold and silver) at home for future appreciation or use (because it is valuable and not afraid of depreciation). Strictly speaking, RMB is bank notes, a kind of credit currency = no intrinsic value (just a piece of paper) but only use value (its value is guaranteed by government revenue), so RMB cannot be used as a storage means (in case of serious inflation or regime change, it is a pile of waste paper)
means of payment = standard of deferred payment = unilateral transfer of currency. For example, the money that others owed you a few days ago was paid back today.
value scale = when you buy something, a bottle of water is one yuan. The one yuan here is the currency of concept, and no one needs to take out one yuan and put it there to tell you that this thing is one yuan
means of circulation = when you want to own this bottle of water, you must give the seller a dollar, instead of just saying "I'll give you a dollar ~"
the function of storage is to store valuable currency (such as gold and silver) at home for future appreciation or use (because it is valuable and not afraid of depreciation). Strictly speaking, RMB is bank notes, a kind of credit currency = no intrinsic value (just a piece of paper) but only use value (its value is guaranteed by government revenue), so RMB cannot be used as a storage means (in case of serious inflation or regime change, it is a pile of waste paper)
means of payment = standard of deferred payment = unilateral transfer of currency. For example, the money that others owed you a few days ago was paid back today.
4. Decentralized commerce refers to the development from a single large-scale commercial cluster center to many medium and large-scale commercial centers, that is, urban commerce develops from a single one or two core business circles to multi regional and multi center business circles, which has a great impact on the urban commercial pattern
this trend of decentralization has brought two effects, one is the decline of the value of traditional central business district, the other is the rise of regional and community business value.
this trend of decentralization has brought two effects, one is the decline of the value of traditional central business district, the other is the rise of regional and community business value.
5. Common stock
common stock refers to the shares that enjoy common rights in the company's operation and management, profit and property distribution, and represents the claim on the enterprise's profit and resial property after meeting all claims for repayment of creditor's rights and the claims of preferred shareholders. Common stock is the basis of company capital and a basic form of stock. At present, the stocks traded on Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges are common stocks
ordinary shareholders enjoy the following basic rights according to the proportion of their shares:
(1) the right to participate in the decision-making of the company. Shareholders of common stock have the right to participate in the general meeting of shareholders, and have the right to propose, vote and vote. They can also entrust others to exercise their shareholders' rights on their behalf< (2) the right of profit distribution. Common shareholders have the right to receive dividends from the company's profit distribution. The dividend of common stock is not fixed, which is decided by the company's profit situation and its distribution policy. Only after the preferred shareholders get the fixed dividend can the common shareholders enjoy the right of dividend distribution< (3) stock option. If the company needs to expand and issue additional common shares, the existing common shareholders have the right to purchase a certain number of new issued shares at a specific price lower than the market price according to their shareholding proportion, so as to maintain their original proportion of ownership of the enterprise
(4) the right to distribute the remaining assets. When the company goes bankrupt or goes into liquidation, if the assets of the company remain after paying off debts, the remaining part will be distributed in the order of preferred shareholders first and common shareholders later
preferred stock
preferred stock is relative to common stock. Preferred stock has priority over common stock in terms of the rights of profit distribution and resial property distribution< (1) priority of distribution. When the company distributes profits, the shareholders with preferred shares distribute prior to the shareholders with common shares, but enjoy a fixed amount of dividend, that is, the dividend of preferred shares is relatively fixed< (2) priority claim. If the company is in liquidation, the preferred shares will be distributed before the common shares when the remaining property is distributed. Note: when the company decides not to distribute dividends for several consecutive years, preferred shareholders can enter the general meeting of shareholders to express their opinions and protect their own rights.
common stock refers to the shares that enjoy common rights in the company's operation and management, profit and property distribution, and represents the claim on the enterprise's profit and resial property after meeting all claims for repayment of creditor's rights and the claims of preferred shareholders. Common stock is the basis of company capital and a basic form of stock. At present, the stocks traded on Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges are common stocks
ordinary shareholders enjoy the following basic rights according to the proportion of their shares:
(1) the right to participate in the decision-making of the company. Shareholders of common stock have the right to participate in the general meeting of shareholders, and have the right to propose, vote and vote. They can also entrust others to exercise their shareholders' rights on their behalf< (2) the right of profit distribution. Common shareholders have the right to receive dividends from the company's profit distribution. The dividend of common stock is not fixed, which is decided by the company's profit situation and its distribution policy. Only after the preferred shareholders get the fixed dividend can the common shareholders enjoy the right of dividend distribution< (3) stock option. If the company needs to expand and issue additional common shares, the existing common shareholders have the right to purchase a certain number of new issued shares at a specific price lower than the market price according to their shareholding proportion, so as to maintain their original proportion of ownership of the enterprise
(4) the right to distribute the remaining assets. When the company goes bankrupt or goes into liquidation, if the assets of the company remain after paying off debts, the remaining part will be distributed in the order of preferred shareholders first and common shareholders later
preferred stock
preferred stock is relative to common stock. Preferred stock has priority over common stock in terms of the rights of profit distribution and resial property distribution< (1) priority of distribution. When the company distributes profits, the shareholders with preferred shares distribute prior to the shareholders with common shares, but enjoy a fixed amount of dividend, that is, the dividend of preferred shares is relatively fixed< (2) priority claim. If the company is in liquidation, the preferred shares will be distributed before the common shares when the remaining property is distributed. Note: when the company decides not to distribute dividends for several consecutive years, preferred shareholders can enter the general meeting of shareholders to express their opinions and protect their own rights.
6. 1. Value scale -- the function of currency to express the value of goods and measure the quantity of the value of goods
money performs the function of value measurement, which is to show the value of all commodities as a certain amount of money. This is because money itself is a commodity and has value. All kinds of goods are the condensation of social labor with the same quality, so labor time is the intrinsic value measure of goods. This kind of intrinsic value can be compared, but it can't show itself. In the process of commodity exchange, when money performs the function of value measurement to measure the value of other commodities, and makes all kinds of commodity values behave as a certain amount of money, money becomes the external manifestation of commodity value
2. Means of circulation: in commodity circulation, money serves as the medium of commodity exchange
the circulation function of money is developed in commodity exchange. Before the emergence of money, commodity exchange took the form of direct exchange. After the emergence of money, it becomes the commodity circulation with money as the medium, which makes the direct commodity exchange into two processes. Any commodity procer must first sell goods for money (w-g), and then use money to buy back the needed goods (G-W). In the commodity exchange composed of these two processes, money acts as the medium of exchange activities. The function of this kind of medium commodity exchange is the function of currency circulation means
3. Storage means: the function of money withdrawal from circulation as an independent value form and the general representative of social wealth
the function of money storage means is graally improved in practice. At first, it was shown as simple money storage. The procer changed surplus procts into money in order to save his surplus procts with money. With the development of commodity proction, in order to make it easy for commodity procers to buy commodities that can maintain proction and life at any time, money storage is mainly manifested as the storage of exchange value. When commodity circulation expands to all fields, the one who owns money can buy everything he needs. At this time, money storage is manifested as money storage of social power. But the money storage for any purpose must be the enough money with value entity
4. Means of payment: the function of money as an independent form of value in unilateral movement
the function of money as a means of payment was initially generated to meet the needs of commodity proction and exchange. Because the proction cycle of different commodities is different, and the distance from the place of origin to the place of sale is different, in order to ensure the continuous reproction process, some commodity procers need to sell goods on credit. When the debt is settled on the appointed date, money has the function of payment means. Later, with the development of commodity exchange and credit economy, the function of money as a means of payment has become increasingly common, not only beyond the field of commodity circulation, but also into people's daily life, such as for the payment of government rent, rent, wages, taxes and so on
5. World currency -- the currency as a general equivalent in the world market
with the emergence and development of international exchanges, currency has the function of world currency when it circulates in the world market. In addition to the function of value measurement, the world currency also performs the following functions: as a means of purchase, it is used internationally to purchase foreign goods; As a general means of payment, it is used to pay international debts, interest and other unproctive payments to balance the international balance of payments; As the representative of social wealth, it is used to pay war reparations, export monetary capital, etc., and transfer from one country to another.
money performs the function of value measurement, which is to show the value of all commodities as a certain amount of money. This is because money itself is a commodity and has value. All kinds of goods are the condensation of social labor with the same quality, so labor time is the intrinsic value measure of goods. This kind of intrinsic value can be compared, but it can't show itself. In the process of commodity exchange, when money performs the function of value measurement to measure the value of other commodities, and makes all kinds of commodity values behave as a certain amount of money, money becomes the external manifestation of commodity value
2. Means of circulation: in commodity circulation, money serves as the medium of commodity exchange
the circulation function of money is developed in commodity exchange. Before the emergence of money, commodity exchange took the form of direct exchange. After the emergence of money, it becomes the commodity circulation with money as the medium, which makes the direct commodity exchange into two processes. Any commodity procer must first sell goods for money (w-g), and then use money to buy back the needed goods (G-W). In the commodity exchange composed of these two processes, money acts as the medium of exchange activities. The function of this kind of medium commodity exchange is the function of currency circulation means
3. Storage means: the function of money withdrawal from circulation as an independent value form and the general representative of social wealth
the function of money storage means is graally improved in practice. At first, it was shown as simple money storage. The procer changed surplus procts into money in order to save his surplus procts with money. With the development of commodity proction, in order to make it easy for commodity procers to buy commodities that can maintain proction and life at any time, money storage is mainly manifested as the storage of exchange value. When commodity circulation expands to all fields, the one who owns money can buy everything he needs. At this time, money storage is manifested as money storage of social power. But the money storage for any purpose must be the enough money with value entity
4. Means of payment: the function of money as an independent form of value in unilateral movement
the function of money as a means of payment was initially generated to meet the needs of commodity proction and exchange. Because the proction cycle of different commodities is different, and the distance from the place of origin to the place of sale is different, in order to ensure the continuous reproction process, some commodity procers need to sell goods on credit. When the debt is settled on the appointed date, money has the function of payment means. Later, with the development of commodity exchange and credit economy, the function of money as a means of payment has become increasingly common, not only beyond the field of commodity circulation, but also into people's daily life, such as for the payment of government rent, rent, wages, taxes and so on
5. World currency -- the currency as a general equivalent in the world market
with the emergence and development of international exchanges, currency has the function of world currency when it circulates in the world market. In addition to the function of value measurement, the world currency also performs the following functions: as a means of purchase, it is used internationally to purchase foreign goods; As a general means of payment, it is used to pay international debts, interest and other unproctive payments to balance the international balance of payments; As the representative of social wealth, it is used to pay war reparations, export monetary capital, etc., and transfer from one country to another.
7. Money in economics, in a narrow sense, is the standard goods used to exchange goods; Broadly speaking, it is used as a medium of exchange, a measure of value, a means of payment and a store of value. Specifically speaking, currency has the functions of exchange medium, value standard, deferred payment standard, value storage, world currency and so on.
8. (1) Discharge phenomenon. It's like lightning
(2) some chemical reactions do not need heating, such as the reaction of acid and alkali; The melting in the three state change of matter needs heating, which is a physical change.
(2) some chemical reactions do not need heating, such as the reaction of acid and alkali; The melting in the three state change of matter needs heating, which is a physical change.
9. 1、 The service is not standardized
the survey shows that EMS, FedEx, SF and home express service are enthusiastic and standardized; The customer service hotlines of Shentong, Zhongtong and Yunda need customers to dial again. But Huitong, Tiantian, Yuantong's customer service call cannot be connected. In the aspect of door-to-door telephone appointment, only EMS and SF do the appointment confirmation with customers before collection and delivery, and other express companies do not provide telephone appointment confirmation service
Second, the speed of collection and delivery of express
for express delivery, a special service instry, it is the premise of fast delivery to collect in the shortest time. The survey shows that most enterprises are slow to collect revenue. In addition, in addition to EMS, SF, home express and other companies' couriers wear uniform with company logo for door-to-door service, most couriers wear casual< br />" Fast & quot; It is the most basic attribute of express instry, and also the core index that customers are most concerned about. In order to investigate the speed of express delivery, China Customer Service Commission sent the mail from Guangzhou to Beijing through 10 express companies. The evaluation results show that only SF express and EMS arrive in two days, most of the others arrive in three days, and there are two express companies that send mail to customers in six days, and the express has become & quot; Slow bull
Third, the inspection is not standardized
the investigation found that only a few enterprises, such as EMS and SF, require customers to open and inspect the postal items, while most express companies do not open and inspect the postal items, and only accept the items without inspection, which has potential safety hazards and belongs to illegal operation.
the survey shows that EMS, FedEx, SF and home express service are enthusiastic and standardized; The customer service hotlines of Shentong, Zhongtong and Yunda need customers to dial again. But Huitong, Tiantian, Yuantong's customer service call cannot be connected. In the aspect of door-to-door telephone appointment, only EMS and SF do the appointment confirmation with customers before collection and delivery, and other express companies do not provide telephone appointment confirmation service
Second, the speed of collection and delivery of express
for express delivery, a special service instry, it is the premise of fast delivery to collect in the shortest time. The survey shows that most enterprises are slow to collect revenue. In addition, in addition to EMS, SF, home express and other companies' couriers wear uniform with company logo for door-to-door service, most couriers wear casual< br />" Fast & quot; It is the most basic attribute of express instry, and also the core index that customers are most concerned about. In order to investigate the speed of express delivery, China Customer Service Commission sent the mail from Guangzhou to Beijing through 10 express companies. The evaluation results show that only SF express and EMS arrive in two days, most of the others arrive in three days, and there are two express companies that send mail to customers in six days, and the express has become & quot; Slow bull
Third, the inspection is not standardized
the investigation found that only a few enterprises, such as EMS and SF, require customers to open and inspect the postal items, while most express companies do not open and inspect the postal items, and only accept the items without inspection, which has potential safety hazards and belongs to illegal operation.
10.
explanation
"bad money expels good money" means that when a country circulates two kinds of money with different real value but unchanged legal price at the same time, the money with high real value (good money) is bound to be melted, collected or exported and withdraw from the circulation field, while the money with low real value (bad money) fills the market instead
for example
in the 16th century England, precious metals were not enough for coinage, so other metals had to be added to the newly minted coins. Therefore, there were two kinds of currencies in the market at that time, one was the currency without impurities, the other was the currency added to other metals. Although the legal value of the two currencies is equal, people can identify them, store the money without impurities, and trade the money with impurities. Therefore, the good money on the market is graally stored and reced circulation, leaving only the bad money in the market Good money here refers to money without impurities.)
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