Eight character bitcoin
1, Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE)
Shanghai Stock Exchange (English: Stock Exchange) is one of two Chinese mainland stock exchanges, founded in November 26, 1990, located in Pudong New Area, Shanghai.
6. China Financial Futures Exchange (CFFE)
is an exchange jointly established by Shanghai Futures Exchange, Zhengzhou Commodity Exchange, Dalian Commodity Exchange, Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen stock exchange with the consent of the State Council and the approval of China Securities Regulatory Commission. It was established in Shanghai on September 8, 2006
extended data
foreign exchanges
1, London Metal Exchange (LME)
London Metal Exchange (LME) is the largest non-ferrous metal exchange in the world. The price and inventory of LME have an important impact on the proction and sales of non-ferrous metals worldwide
2. LIFFE is the international derivatives business of NYSE Euronext, covering Amsterdam, Brussels, Lisbon, Paris and London
reference materials
network exchanges domestic exchanges
Internet
generally, there is access control between the intranet and the public network. For example, some companies do not allow employees to visit game websites or stock websites ring working hours (this belongs to the information on the public network), and external personnel can not access the internal information of the company (this is the information on the intranet). Sometimes you may think that there are no restrictions, because there are no settings. If we want to control it, we can do it
sometimes the intranet and the public network are completely separated, although this is rare. One of my classmates is from the public security department. There is a network inside their unit. They can browse the unit's notices, announcements, and send and receive e-mails. However, these are all limited within the unit's network and can't access the external network. In other words, if someone has a Sina email and wants to access it from the office machine, it is not allowed. Because their intranet and extranet are completely separated
tryad | 05-06-2400 report
wide area network (WAN) is what we usually call Internet, which is a network all over the world
local area network (LAN), compared with wide area network (WAN), mainly refers to the computer Internet in a small area. This "small scale" can be a family, a school, a company, or a government department
the public network and external network often mentioned in BT are wide area network (WAN); BT often refers to private network, intranet, that is LAN
every computer (or other network equipment) in the Wan has one or more Wan IP addresses (or public network or external network IP addresses). Generally, Wan IP addresses can only be applied after payment is made at the ISP, and the WAN IP addresses cannot be repeated; Each computer (or other network equipment) on the local area network (LAN) has one or more LAN IP addresses (or private network, intranet IP addresses). LAN IP addresses are assigned within the LAN, and the IP addresses of different LANs can be repeated without mutual influence
data exchange between Wan (WAN, public network, external network) and LAN (LAN, private network, internal network) computers should be carried out through NAT (network address translation) of router or gateway. Generally speaking, the router or gateway will not block the external connection request initiated by the computer in the local area network (LAN, private network, intranet), but the router or gateway will block the request from the WAN for the connection of the computer in the local area network in most cases
as shown in the figure: the Internet on the left is Wan (WAN, public network, external network), and the local area network (LAN, private network, internal network) on the right. If they want to carry out data communication, they must carry out nat (Network address translation) through the middle gateway or router
in general, the gateway or router will not intercept the internal and external information, but will identify and filter the external information that wants to enter the internal network, and will forward it to the intranet computer if it is considered safe and effective. It is the existence of this situation that leads to the fact that many intranet BT users are not "remote" and the speed is not satisfactory.
the reason for the birth of bitcoin is that human beings themselves are not trustworthy and need to be restricted by cold proceres. The same logic holds in the field of exchanges. People's bitcoin in the bitcoin exchange, wallet or bank is just a debt note, and they need to believe that the platform can repay its debts. At present, this instry is in its early stage. It is very difficult to hope to have a long-term vision with the participants of the instry, and financial self-discipline. In the case of Mt. GOx, only one person has the authority to manage bitcoin on the platform. Such a management mechanism is hard to avoid being attacked by hackers
What are the technical solutions? Bitcoin is a decentralized network. Many people try to build a decentralized exchange, but these attempts seem to have failed. Why is that? Because the exchange needs to deal with the legal currency system, which takes the bank as the central node. Mercury exchange is a decentralized trading platform, which supports bitcoin, Leyte and dogcoin. From here, we can see that based on bitcoin, decentralized exchanges and even market applications can be established
at present, multi signature may be a direction worth trying. Bitai wallet, greenaddress, bitgo and bitstamp exchange all adopt multi signature technology. The purpose of adopting multi signature technology is very simple, that is, the platform cannot run away technically. Bitcoin exchange may also be built on the basis of multi signature scheme, with a key for the buyer, a key for the seller and a key for the platform. In this way, the power of the platform to run away at any time is technically eliminated. Secondly, the code construction of the exchange itself is questionable. Bitcoin's code is open-source and transparent, and can be modified by everyone. At present, the code of bitcoin platform is almost closed, so there is a possibility of internal theft. Bitcoin companies can put more effort into the code, at least have records to follow in the prevention of insiders
mature financial service platforms have one thing in common, that is, the management of funds and accounts are separated, but this has made slow progress in the bitcoin world. The exchange is not only responsible for the user's transaction matching, but also responsible for the user's legal currency fund trusteeship, and also responsible for the user's bitcoin fund trusteeship. In this way, the whole platform is not only a referee, but also an athlete, which is a great risk to the user. Data show that in the months before the collapse of Mt. GOx, Mt. GOx platform naked sold hundreds of thousands of bitcoins. Obviously, this is the problem caused by unhealthy financial system
bitstamp exchange has taken the lead in financial audit, including legal currency and bitcoin. When the price of bitcoin fell all the way, China's three major trading platforms also completed bitcoin audit under the pressure of users, but independent third-party audit is not the best answer. With the rapid development of domestic Internet finance, the regulatory system has not kept up with it. Not only bitcoin exchange, but also most P2P online lending platforms have such problems, and the trend of running away has been constantly. Take Australia as an example, the accounts of financial service related companies, such as banks of foreign exchange trading platform, need to be managed by a third party, including the deposit and withdrawal of users, so as to realize the security of users' legal money
for bitcoin, multi signature with cold wallet should be a good enterprise management scheme. For example, the CEO of an enterprise has a key, the CFO of an enterprise has a key, and the law firm or the accounting firm has a key. In this way, the third-party trusteeship of bitcoin can be realized, and even more extreme, two third-party organizations each have a key, and the enterprise has a key, adopting a 2 / 3 signature scheme. In this way, the custody of bitcoin funds is realized, and enterprises can not do evil in terms of control
legal means
if there is no legal system, then the world will lose order, the cost of bad people doing evil is too low, then the good people will be forced into bad people. The same is true in the bitcoin world. We have seen one bitcoin exchange after another running away, but so far, few people have been punished for it. Mt. GOx's fapang is still at large. Although the GBL platform, which is the earliest mobile platform in China, has reported the case, the party concerned has already been acquitted. Because of the difficulties in obtaining evidence for cyber crimes, hackers have repeatedly become scapegoats. We need to admit that if there is no strong legal system, the free market system can not be maintained, then the management system needs to be updated at this time
in October last year, Alex green, CEO of moopay limited, announced a shocking news: moopay will file for bankruptcy protection and stop operation e to the theft of 3700 bitcoins from mintpal. According to the latest news, Ryan Kennedy and his companion, Chelsea Hopkins, have been arrested. If bitcoin enterprises want to have a more long-term development, a strict legal framework is very important. The definition of responsible person should be unlimited liability system, so as to ensure that the operators of trading platform are clear about their responsibilities and obligations
for economic crimes, presumption of guilt should be the first principle. In terms of bitcoin related legislation, the CEO of bitcoin stolen company should be investigated for unlimited responsibility. In case of bitcoin stolen incident, the CEO should firmly stay in prison. Once such a system is established, it is believed that the managers of every bitcoin enterprise will tread on thin ice every day and work hard to maintain the security of users' bitcoin. Of course, the security of bitcoin itself does not depend on the trading platform. We hope that every user will learn to be responsible for the security of bitcoin
to sum up, Rousseau envisions a primitive state in which everyone coexists peacefully, while Hobbes envisions a primitive state in which everyone opposes everyone. From the perspective of system design, Hobbes' hypothesis is obviously more reliable. We need to assume that everyone is a villain and a creature who wants to maximize their self-interest, so only perfect rules and regulations can limit the default, break the prisoner's dilemma, and finally achieve long-term cooperation between human beings. Bitcoin is in the throes of development, and the road to the mainstream financial system is not smooth. Fortunately, we have plenty of time- Bitcoin home
if there is any impact, you are not allowed to check in until the files arrive at the transaction center
as for the length of service, it is related to the work started after the implementation of the registration file.
Information required for CE certification:
1 customer application form (English: proct name CE certification, model CE certification, applicant / manufacturer address)
2 proct model and detailed technical parameters
3 detailed pictures of parts and overall structure
4 electrical schematic diagram (electrical procts)
5 mechanical assembly drawing and key parts drawing
6 nameplate (font, CE symbol)
7 proct operation manual, installation and maintenance (English version)
8 parts list (proct name, CE certification, manufacturer)
generally, the above information needs to be prepared. According to the specific procts, there will be different
what is CE certification: CE certification is only limited to the basic safety requirements of procts that do not endanger the safety of human, animals and goods, rather than the general quality requirements. The coordination instruction only specifies the main requirements, and the general instruction requirements are the standard tasks. Therefore, the exact meaning is: CE mark is a safety qualification mark, not a quality qualification mark. It is the core of the European directive; Main requirements & quot