When is bitcoin computing power
The concept of bitcoin was first proposed by Nakamoto on November 1, 2008, and was officially born on January 3, 2009. According to the idea of Nakamoto, the open source software is designed and released, and the P2P network on it is constructed. Bitcoin is a virtual encrypted digital currency in the form of P2P. Point to point transmission means a decentralized payment system
bitcoin network generates new bitcoin through "mining". In essence, the so-called "mining" is to use computers to solve a complex mathematical problem to ensure the consistency of bitcoin network distributed accounting system. Bitcoin network will automatically adjust the difficulty of mathematical problems, so that the whole network will get a qualified answer about every 10 minutes. Then bitcoin network will generate a certain amount of bitcoin as block reward to reward the person who gets the answer
1. Machine cost: the cost of purchasing mining machine
2. Power cost: the power cost consumed by machine mining
3. Auxiliary costs: personnel maintenance, network, cable consumables, heat dissipation, etc.
for a simple example, take the mining machine of ant S9, which consumes less power on the market, for example, the calculation power is 13.5T, and the power consumption is 1400W
when the mining machine runs for 24 hours: 1.4kw * 24 = 33.6 degrees
Shenma m3, which consumes more power on the market, has a calculation power of 11.5t, The power consumption is 2150w
under 24-hour operation, the power consumption of a single machine is 2.15kw * 24 = 51.6oc
which is roughly equivalent to the power consumption of energy-saving air conditioning, but the bitcoin miner needs 24-hour uninterrupted operation, the power consumption of a single machine is very large after a year's calculation, and the step price cost of household electricity is too high, When the market is not good, the income may not be enough for the electricity expenditure, so at present, mining will choose to be hosted in the mine, which can get cheap electricity and rece the cost price of mining. The price below 30% is the ideal price, which can keep the price of bitcoin falling to a low level, and there is still some income< According to the current mining difficulty of bitcoin:
BTC revenue per ton: 1th / s * 24h = 0.00007087btc
calculated by the comprehensive 12t machine computing power, the daily output is:
0.00007087t * 12t = 0.00085044btc
then the time required for a single machine to dig a BTC:
1 / 0.00085044 = 1175 days
the time required for ten mining machines to dig a BTC:
1 / 0.0085044 = 117 days
100 days In other words, according to the current difficulty, it takes about three years for a single miner to proce a bitcoin, 3.9 months for ten miners to dig a bitcoin, and 11.7 days for a hundred miners to dig a bitcoin. The cost of a single miner is about 8500, Ten are around 85000, one hundred is 850000, less than one million, and one month's income is more than two bitcoins. According to the current price of bitcoin, the price is about 120000. So, although the income of bitcoin mining is not as good as before, it is still considerable compared with other investment projects
however, these benefits do not include decting the cost of electricity charges and later maintenance of machines, so the premise of mining is to find a mine with low electricity charges. If the quantity is large, we need to find a safe, reliable and stable mine. What's more, we need cheap electricity to lower the cost price.
Bitcoin is a kind of network virtual currency. Bitcoin network generates new bitcoin through "mining". In essence, the so-called "mining" is to use computers to solve a complex mathematical problem to ensure the consistency of bitcoin network distributed accounting system. Assuming that the mining computing power is 100 mhash / s and the total computing power is 4000 ghash / s per day, 3600 bitcoins can be g out every 24 hours
China's computing power has accounted for more than 75% of the world, that is to say, 75% of bitcoin in the world is made in China. How long does it take to dig a bitcoin
bitcoin used to be very good at "digging", which can be done by ordinary computer CPU, and it can automatically "solve problems" by downloading software. But with the rise of currency price, more and more people want to "solve the problem", and the difficulty of mining is also increasing. Now, the amount of computation needed to dig a bitcoin is beyond the reach of ordinary people. Ordinary computers can't afford it
instry insiders said that in 2014, 100 bitcoins were generated from 500000 yuan of electricity charge per day, and the cost of electricity charge alone was 5000 yuan per coin. But now, the same cost has more than doubled, and the electricity cost of each bitcoin is as high as 10000 yuan
in the generation mechanism of bitcoin, mining reward is decreasing. At the beginning of the birth of bitcoin, the miners could get 50 bitcoins for each page of the ledger, and then 25 bitcoins for each page of the ledger, decreasing in turn. It's like digging gold. At first, it's more and less. The time point at which each new reward is reced by half is called half bitcoin proction
assuming that the mining computing power is 100 mhash / s, the total computing power is 4000 ghash / s per day in 2014, and 3600 bitcoins are g out every 24 hours
now, we can understand the difficulty of bitcoin digging in this way, which is equivalent to 100 million dice throwing numbers less than 100 million and 50 million. Whoever throws them first will get the bookkeeping right. At this point, 1050 million is a hash value. The process of throwing dice is called hash collision. The unit of mining power is the number of hash collisions per second
at present, the computing power of bitcoin in the whole network has reached 2.36 billion hash collisions per second, which is equivalent to the number of water droplets in more than 200000 50 meter long standard swimming pools. But even with such a large amount of computing power, it will take about 10 minutes to hit a hash value that meets the requirements
in 2012, bitcoin's output was halved for the first time, and in July 2016, bitcoin's output was halved for the second time. At present, 12.5 bitcoins are awarded for recording one page of account book. The next halving will take place around 2020, and the total number of bitcoins will not increase by 2040, with a total of 21 million
Related videos: how long does it take to dig a bitcoin
1. Mining can not only proce bitcoin, but also guarantee transaction information
similarly, a mathematical system contains 21 million mathematical problems, so we need to constantly seek the special solution of each mathematical problem through a huge amount of calculation. In addition, the special solution is unique
mining can not only increase the supply of bitcoin money, but also protect the security of bitcoin transactions and prevent fraulent transactions. In terms of process, bitcoin network is a point-to-point payment system, and anyone can trade through the transaction program
in order to ensure that the transaction process is truthfully recorded, the role of "miner" is required to be responsible for recording bitcoin transaction information. The time interval is 10 minutes. The best recorded transaction records among miners will be packaged and stored in a new block, and the corresponding miners will also receive a certain amount of bitcoin rewards
2. The mining process is extremely complex, which is beyond human power
the specific process is as follows. When a miner listens to the transaction, he will first verify the transaction information. The verified transactions will be recorded by miners and stored in their own database. There may be thousands of miners in the world doing the same thing, but every ten minutes, only one miner has the right to create a new block, so that the transaction information recorded by himself can be recognized and stored permanently
next, miners need to fight for the right to keep accounts. This is a competition of computing power. The core of this competition is to use computers to complete a large number of calculation tasks and find a super difficult random number. This random number is the special solution of the equation mentioned in the first paragraph. The miner who calculates the correct random number first wins. According to the rules of the game, the probability of a miner getting the accounting right is directly proportional to the proportion of his computing power in the total computing power of the whole network. In other words, the probability of finding the random number is equivalent to throwing out 100 million dice, and the total number of dice is less than 150 million. Therefore, mining requires a large number of computers, installation of specific algorithm software, repeated operation day and night, not human
3. Bitcoin mining is actually "villagers' bookkeeping"
maybe some netizens still don't understand, let's take an example. In a village, the villagers often borrow money from each other, even if they write a written document, there is a risk of default. Then, every time there is a loan behavior in the village, we will use the village trumpet to inform everyone that all the villagers (miners) will record all the transaction records in their own account books.
Although many countries do not recognize the value and status of bitcoin, bitcoin is still popular in recent years, and its existence is controversial. Some people say that it has no practical significance, just a number. If it is not officially recognized by the world, mining is a constant waste of energy. Some people say & lt; No one can be sure whether bitcoin is a black horse or not
in fact, bitcoin is calculated and proced through computer networking, also known as mining. At the beginning, there was a personal computer to dig, but the efficiency was relatively low, and the cost of graphics card was low. Then there was a special bitcoin mining machine, ranging from several hundred to two or three hundred thousand yuan
when we talk about bitcoin, we naturally need blockchain because of the blockchain, bitcoin can become bitcoin. It is a secure general ledger for all payments and transactions. It can be said that everyone can contribute to the update. We need to solve a very complex mathematical problem by brute force& mdash; Hash algorithm to complete a block
many people want to know the value of a bitcoin. In fact, the price of bitcoin is changing all the time. We need to check the figures of that day. At present, the price of a bitcoin is less than 30000
1. Prepare the bitcoin you want to send. The client is responsible for collecting the balance of bitcoin in your wallet (bitcoin QT) to prepare for payment, because every bitcoin you receive is stored in your wallet until you spend it. If you receive two payments from 3btc and 2btc, their records in the wallet are independent of each other, that is, a 3btc and a 2btc, rather than merging them into 5btc (the wallet only records transaction details and does not merge the balance, but you can see the total balance on the interface of the wallet). As time goes on, many bitcoins of different amounts will accumulate in your wallet, So when you send bitcoin, the wallet has to decide which bitcoin is the most suitable for this sending. The bitcoin you get in a transaction is called "inputs" and the bitcoin you spend is called "outputs". There are multiple inputs and outputs in your wallet
2. If your outputs are less than 0.01btc (including the fund changes inside your wallet), you have to pay a handling charge of 0.0001, even if you transfer it to yourself. The wallet has an established rule when preparing your payment amount, that is, when preparing the payment amount in many inputs, try to avoid the amount change less than 0.01btc (for example, if you want to pay 5.005btc, the wallet should choose 3 + 2.005 or 1 + 1 + 3.005 instead of 5 + 0.005)
3. The larger the amount, the higher the age, and the higher the priority. If the amount you send is too small or your bitcoin has just been mined, then your transfer is no longer free. Each transaction will be assigned a priority, which is determined by the degree of currency, the number of bytes and the number of transactions. Specifically, for each input, the client will first multiply the number of bitcoins by the time they exist in the block (currency age, age), and then divide all the procts by the size of the transaction (in bytes). The calculation formula is: priority = sum (input)_ value_ in_ base_ units * input_ age)/size_ in_ If the calculation result is less than 0.576, then the transaction must pay the handling fee. If you do have a large amount of small input and want to transfer it out for free, you can add a large amount of bitcoin with a large age, which will increase the average priority, so that you can transfer out bitcoin for free
4. Charge per kilobyte. At the end of the transfer, the client will detect the size of the transfer (in bytes). The size generally depends on the amount of input and output. The calculation formula is as follows: 148 * input amount + 34 * output amount + 10. If the size of the transfer exceeds 10000 bytes, but the priority meets the free standard, you can still enjoy the free transfer, Otherwise, there will be a handling charge. The cost of 1000 bytes is 0.0001btc by default, but you can also add it in the client. Open the tab "settings & gt; Options & gt; The main purpose is to adjust the handling charge. If the service charge you are setting is less than 0.0001, BTC is calculated as 0.0001.
renrenfu financial and business school tells you that every bitcoin node will collect all unconfirmed transactions and gather them into a data block, which will be integrated with the previous data block. The miner node will attach a random adjustment number and calculate the SHA-256 hash value of the previous data block. The mining node keeps trying again and again until it finds the random adjustment number so that the generated hash value is lower than a specific target
because hash operation is irreversible, it is very difficult to find the required random adjustment number, which requires a continuous trial and error process that can predict the total number. At this time, the workload proof mechanism will play a role. When a node finds a satisfactory solution, it can broadcast its results to the whole network. Other nodes can receive the new data block and check whether it meets the specification. If other nodes do meet the requirements by calculating the hash value, then the data block is valid, and other nodes will accept the data block and attach it to their own chain
bitcoin mining uses SHA-256 hash value operation. This algorithm will carry out a large number of 32-bit integer circular right shift operations
exhaustive verification until it finds a data that meets the requirements. This meaningless data is a dollar
In fact, the mining calculation of bitcoin is to do math problems together. The problem stem is the transaction that needs to be recorded. By doing the problem, everyone grabs the bookkeeping right, and the miners can get system rewards and transaction fees. The feature of sha256 algorithm used in bitcoin is that it is easy to verify the known answers correctly, but it is very troublesome to get the answers, and it needs to try one by one. The miner who got the answer first was recognized by everyone as having snatched the right to keep accounts, and the reward was given to him. Let's continue to grab the bookkeeping right of the next question. In short, the significance of these calculations is only to ensure the stability and safety of the whole system, and there is no more significance
it is not comprehensive to regard bitcoin as a by-proct of computing. The generation and issuance of bitcoin, all the transactions and circulation in the bitcoin chain, and the stability of the bitcoin system are the purpose of computing and are integrated. Of course, in addition to maintaining the system, it does not proce other value and procts. This is also a black spot where bitcoin is accused of not being environmentally friendly and wasting resources. In general, bitcoin, as a milestone blockchain digital currency, is e to the huge value of a large amount of computing power investment and user trust. There is no doubt about that