The cost of mining bitcoin
at present, the computing power of bitcoin in the whole network has reached 2.36 billion hash collisions per second, which is equivalent to the number of water droplets in more than 200000 50 meter long standard swimming pools. But even with such a large amount of computing power, it will take about 10 minutes to hit a hash value that meets the requirements
in 2012, bitcoin's output was halved for the first time, and in July 2016, bitcoin's output was halved for the second time. At present, 12.5 bitcoins are awarded for recording one page of account book. The next halving will take place around 2020, and the total number of bitcoins will not increase by 2040, with a total of 21 million. In other words, the difficulty of digging bitcoin is increasing, while the time required is increasing
- - talking about the mining cost of bitcoin -
the first thing to consider is the cost if you want to make money. If the profit is greater than the cost, it is worth doing. We all know how much bitcoin costs, so let's calculate the cost
1. Mining machine cost: the "number" of bitcoin is a problem-solving process, which can't be calculated by human brain alone. Therefore, mining people need to buy mining machines and keep calculating. The more mining machines, the stronger the computing power
2. Electricity charges: mining machines are big consumers of high power. How much electricity does it consume? Let's put it this way. At present, the electricity consumption of bitcoin and Ethereum mining has surpassed Jordan, Iceland, Libya and other small countries, ranking 71st among all countries and regions in the world. You want to cry when electricity is expensive
3. The rent of the place where the mining machine is placed: because the mining machine consumes a lot of electricity, the power supply load of ordinary residential buildings can not be guaranteed at all, so the mining must rent a commercial site separately, and the rent is much more expensive than that of ordinary residential buildings
4. Operation cost: in order to ensure the computing power, the high-power mining machine needs to work 24 hours, which requires someone to maintain it at any time. When the mining machine is in trouble, the cost of hiring someone is required; At the same time, the mining machine is very delicate. If it is too hot or too cold, the vegetables will be stopped. Therefore, the measures of cold air and cold water insulation are needed to help the mining machine run. This is another expense
5. Mining machine update cost: because bitcoin is becoming more and more difficult to dig, the machine that was able to dig a month ago may not be able to dig anything today, and the market will also launch mining machines with greater computing power. The original mining machine is not worth money immediately. If you want to maintain computing power, you need to buy mining machines again
the above bitcoin mining costs all have a marginal effect, that is, the larger the volume is, the lower the corresponding cost will be. Therefore, some super large mines have been built
bitcoin g in the mine will enter the mine pool and be distributed by all participants. Large mines will be built in places where labor and electricity are cheap, such as Venezuela, the legendary miner's paradise, or Iceland, where the climate is favorable and electricity is cheap
as for the cost, everyone will be different. Let's take a look at an average: in 2017, according to the data of elite fixtures, a research institution, Venezuela is the cheapest of 115 mining countries, which is 513 US dollars, while South Korea is the most expensive, which is 26170 us dollars
China's mining cost is US $3172, which is relatively low among 115 countries. However, the cost is an average value. Large mines with low electricity prices must be much lower. If you are a lone ranger, the cost will rise sharply
in a word, if you really want to make money by mining, first of all, unless you are rich enough to build a mine with thousands of machines, you'd better join a mine to dig together. Although you have to share the money, it's still appropriate in the long run because it can greatly rece costs and improve computing power
secondly, whether you dig by yourself or join the mine, you must choose the place with low electricity cost, and the city with abundant hydropower resources is preferred, because hydropower is the cheapest source of power generation in China at present.
There are risks
on the one hand, the Internet real name system can become the "iron broom" to sweep away bad information, on the other hand, it will make all Internet platforms become "fat meat" in the eyes of hackers, increasing the risk of personal information leakage of Internet users
according to the analysis report on the situation of personal information leakage from websites in 2016 released by 360 patch day vulnerability platform in March 2017, 58.5% of the website vulnerabilities in 2016 will lead to the leakage of real name information, 62.4% of the website vulnerabilities will disclose behavior information, and the number of possible leaks can reach 4.23 billion and 4.01 billion
according to insiders, hackers often get users' registration information on Internet platforms and sell it to lawless elements by "scanning numbers and colliding libraries", but many platforms still lack effective defense measures against this "colliding library attack"
extended data:
holds up the "umbrella" of personal information for real name netizens
the major Internet platforms graally improve their own defense systems from both technical and regulatory aspects to prevent hacker attacks from leading to user information leakage. It is understood that a security team has been set up on an Internet shopping platform to discover high-level persistent threats on the internal network based on the security risk detection and identification of network security attacks, mine and detect phishing websites targeting buyers and businesses, and deal with them in a timely manner
the relevant departments of the state have successively issued various laws and regulations to ensure the information security of Internet users
"China's" decision on strengthening the protection of network information "," tort liability law "and its judicial interpretation and a series of legal provisions have repeatedly stressed the issue of personal information security. It can be seen that China's network information security and personal data security have been raised to the highest level of the country, and strict legal proceres and clear legal authorization are required for the use and collection of personal information. "
Zhu Wei, deputy director of the communication law research center of China University of political science and law, believes that under such a background, the comprehensive establishment of the real name system can actually strengthen the personal information security protection of users
the above is purely personal.
this person cheated more than once. I don't know about other things. In my class, Wang KaiPeng is an advocate of cheating, because he can get high marks for cheating. It's just that I was caught once in the analog experiment. His common cheating method is to make a small note on the lime wall next to his seat. The evidence is that his handwriting is still on the sixth row wall on the left side of the 203 podium in building B of the south campus. Now you know why I know that the insurance research policy has been changed and I have reported him? I think his undergraate achievement is false!!!!! 70% of his excellent research results are fake!!!!! Why did he go to graate school and I didn't? I can't help being a little low. I learned from Wang KaiPeng. When I was in class, it and a group of its friends scolded a front row classmate for half a semester regardless of the teacher's lecture, which made me unable to listen to the class
note:
unexpectedly, Wang KaiPeng, the victim, was recruited. What's the matter with me about Feng? It's your high school theft that's written in black and white in your high school file. And you always like to gossip. What does it matter to you that Tang Shumin studied English every day when he was a freshman? You call people idiots. Is it wise for you to get high marks by cheating instead of studying in exams? Is there any evidence of what you said under my question
show it to you
on the contrary, I know that it's not enough for you to admit that you cheated in Zhihu, and you have to frame up all the people of Xidian for cheating. It's so shameless. I've lost all the faces of the people in Xidian< br />
[imgstart] http://img3.laibafile.cn/p/s/260820149.jpg; http://img3.laibafile.cn/p/m/260820149.jpg; http://img3.laibafile.cn/p/l/260820149.jpg [imgen]
what I said is supported by evidence. You said so much, what about the evidence? I don't think it's just dinner
there are more than 5000 people in Grade 11. You can register 10 trumpets in Zhihu to represent all of them? Didn't you still say that you would call more than 10 people in the class to beat me? I'm really ashamed of my ability to pull up the flag and make tiger skin. I lost Wang KaiPeng, you are so thick skinned
I just want to let you know these things, so that you can have a heart preparation for the darkness of the western power and your hypocrisy. This is in line with the spirit of Zhihu. I just hope that what happened to me will not happen to you again<
as for the person who published personal attacks without evidence under my question, I just want to say:
don't say that you scolded the wrong person now, you know my true identity. If you scold me right, I have no regrets. I just want you to know the true face of such a hypocritical person as Wang KaiPeng. As for my personal honor or disgrace, I don't care at all
as long as there is one person who doesn't know what you Wang KaiPeng did, I will never stop. Zhihu, Douban, Tianya, Internet, Huashang daily, Sanqin Metropolis Daily. Have you ever heard of a petitioner who was discouraged when he was stopped once? I want to let you know that people are equal. People in Baoyan are equal to those looking for jobs. You are responsible for your own arrogant remarks.