Bitcoin manual dig
there are some points for attention in account setting. It is suggested to set a common account in e-mail
then there is the most important miner account setting. Miner obviously refers to CPU or GPU. You need to set an account for each CPU or GPU. Suppose you have two hd7990, you need to set four different accounts for four GPUs
after the account registration, it's time to take the second step. Download the bitcoin miner. Here we recommend the small and easy-to-use guiminer, which can support CPU, oepncl, CUDA and other computing modes. Your CPU and graphics card can achieve maximum performance
guiminer, a bitcoin miner, still needs to make certain settings. After the interface is changed to Chinese, it will be very simple
if the setting is correct, click the "start mining" button, the graphics card will soon enter the full speed running state, the temperature and fan speed will increase, and you can also monitor the state through gpu-z or graphics card driver
the computing power displayed by guiminer is only a theoretical value. To know the actual output of bitcoin, you need to log in to the mine pool website, btcguild, to monitor your account information
now let's assume that you have g up several bitcoins, which naturally exist in btcguild, a foreigner's website. They can't be traded or converted into paper money for the time being
the functions provided by bitcoin China trading platform are clear at a glance, and you can understand them as soon as you read them, so you don't need to introce them any more. After you register, you can study them slowly
click the "bitcoin recharge" function of bitcoin China trading platform, and the system will provide you with a one-time bitcoin digital wallet address. This address can only be recharged once (for security reasons of the platform). After successful recharge, it will be invalid, and then the system will provide you with another address. Remember to update the wallet address in time every time, Otherwise, it will lead to recharge failure or loss
OK, now we import bitcoin from foreign websites into bitcoin China website, and it's up to you to deal with it. Keep it for appreciation, listing and selling, and exchange it for RMB. Specific how to operate, this Chinese website is easy to operate, we slowly study it
finally, let's talk about the equipment used in the bitcoin mining test. At first, I thought it was just an ordinary hd7870, but its computing power was much better than that of the ordinary hd7870. The key is that guiminer recognized it as the Tahiti core, which is the only core of hd7900 series. Looking at gpu-z, the card originally had as many as 1536 stream processors, Generally, the hd7870 of Pitcairn core has only 1280 stream processors. No wonder Dylan's graphics card has super computing power
for friends who hang up for a long time, performance is not the most important, and stability is the most important.
Bitcoin is the first distributed virtual currency
to mine bitcoin, you can download the special bitcoin computing tools, register various cooperation websites, fill the registered user name and password into the computing program, and then click the operation to officially start. After completing the installation of bitcoin client, you can directly obtain a bitcoin address. When others pay, you only need to paste the address to others, and you can pay through the same client
after installing the bitcoin client, it will assign a private key and a public key. You need to back up the wallet data containing your private key to ensure that your property is not lost. Unfortunately, if the hard disk is completely formatted, personal bitcoin will be completely lost
extended information:
as a virtual commodity, bitcoin itself has no national boundaries, and its operation mode is a "decentralized" monetary system, which is very convenient for one-time large transaction. Bitcoin is traded through the network, and the owner's identity is only in the form of a set of encrypted computer code
in the operation, input a digital address directly, click the mouse a few times, and wait for the confirmation of the transaction to complete the transaction. The network can only record which address a bitcoin was g up from and how it was transferred
however, the identity of the owners of these addresses can not be verified, which is just like when money goes to an ownerless bank account, the relevant transactions can easily be invisible from the perspective of government supervision, and it is difficult to be tracked or intercepted. In addition, bitcoin can evade the scrutiny of exchange control institutions required by normal cross-border remittance, and the transaction records will not be recorded by banks and other parties
naturally, the problem of reporting to relevant departments after the transaction exceeds a certain amount is avoided. Buy bitcoin with domestic currency, sell it on foreign trading platforms, and withdraw it in US dollars. Asset transfer can be completed in a few minutes
it is not difficult to open an overseas bank account related to bitcoin for foreign exchange, and the conversion is very convenient. Because of these characteristics, bitcoin has been chosen by criminal organizations
1、 Mining principle
at the beginning, we could dig bitcoin with the computer CPU. The founder of bitcoin, Nakamoto Tsung, g out the world's first creation block with his computer CPU. However, the era of CPU mining has long passed, and now bitcoin mining is the era of ASIC mining and large-scale cluster mining
looking back on the mining history, bitcoin mining has gone through the following five times: CPU mining → GPU mining → FPGA mining → ASIC mining → large-scale cluster mining, The mining speed changes are as follows:
CPU (20mhash / s) → GPU (400mhash / s) → FPGA (25ghash / s) → ASIC (3.5tash / s) → large scale cluster mining (3.5tash / s * x)
mining speed, which is called computing power in professional terms, that is, the ability of computer to generate hash collisions per second. In other words, how many hash collisions can our miner do per second is the calculation force. Computing power is the ability to dig bitcoin. The higher the computing power, the more bitcoin you dig, the higher the return
in the world of bitcoin, a data block is recorded about every 10 minutes. All mining computers are trying to package the data block and submit it, and the person who successfully generates the data block will get a bitcoin reward. Initially, bitcoin rewards of 50 bitcoins could be generated about every 10 minutes. But the payment is halved every four years, and now the bitcoin network can generate 25 bitcoins every 10 minutes
to successfully generate data blocks, miners need to find the effective hash value. To get the correct hash value, there is no shortcut. You can only guess. The process of guessing is the process of computer random hash collision. If you guess correctly, you will get bitcoin
Mining method: from a miner to a large-scale mine, you need to prepare a miner, a computer that can connect to the Internet, an AUC, a raspberry pie, power supply and all kinds of connecting lines, etc. The connection order of various devices is network cable - & gt; Raspberry pie - & gt; Microusb cable - & gt; AUC-> 4Pin cable - & gt; Mining machine and power supply
< EM > Figure 3: Mine Map (scale of tens of thousands of mining machines) < / EM >
nowadays, the profit space of small and medium-sized absenteeism who take one mining machine home or deploy a small family workshop (dozens of mining machines) is very limited, and the mining instry is graally concentrating on enterprises and teams with low-cost power resources and professional deployment ability
there are many factors that affect the mining revenue, such as the performance and power consumption of mining machinery, the computing power and difficulty of the whole network, the deployment and operation and maintenance capacity of the mine, the availability of low-cost electricity resources, and the currency price and policy guidance, etc. At present, excellent mining enterprises have the ability of chip research and development, a lot of computing power, professional mine deployment and operation experience, etc. in the future, resources and computing power will be more and more concentrated in these mining enterprises
2. Mine pool
in addition to the above equipment, you also need a necessary tool - mine pool. The function of the mine pool is to gather a large amount of mineral computing power, increase your probability of getting bitcoin, and at the same time, distribute your future bitcoin income to your account in advance
the simple explanation is as follows: now the bitcoin network generates a block every 10 minutes, which contains 25 bitcoins. Suppose there are 1W people in the world participating in mining, then in these 10 minutes, only one lucky person has taken these 25 bitcoins, and the others have nothing. The principle of the mine pool is that everyone mines in teams and distributes according to the agreed distribution method, so that the income of the miners' bitcoin tends to be stable and the risks of the miners are reced. Let's take the most common PPS allocation method as an example. Suppose that your computing power is 10t, and the computing power of the whole mine pool is 100t. Your computing power accounts for 1 / 10 of the total computing power of the mine pool. Suppose that the mine pool can generate 10 bitcoins a day, then you can get 1 bitcoin a day
3. Cloud computing power
in reality, the supply of mining machines often exceeds the demand, and at the same time, the delivery of mining machines needs a long waiting period. Miner installation, commissioning, maintenance and other processes are very complex, which requires a lot of energy. Miners have to enre the noise and heat of miner. For miners, the biggest cost is not these, but the high electricity charges consumed by mining. The profit space of small and medium-sized miners is getting smaller and smaller, even negative
Mining income and risk mining income can be calculated by the following formula:Mining income = generated bitcoin * currency price - mining machinery cost - electricity fee - custody fee
if you are just a small miner, generally you only need to dect mining machinery cost and electricity fee
Mining risks are as follows:
< UL >at present, the number of bitcoin is less than 4.5 million. If we do not issue additional bitcoin, the price of bitcoin will fluctuate, and the price callback will lead to the extension of the payback cycle
mining difficulty improvement at present, our machines can meet the market demand
the risk of power outage
< EM >
< / EM >
When bitcoin nodes connect with each other, they will get transactions they don't have from each other. But because bitcoin has accumulated a large number of transactions for a long time, it is very difficult for two nodes to compare which transactions you are missing / which transactions I am missing one by one
to solve this problem, Nakamoto Tsung invented the important technology of block chain. Nodes use blocks to synchronize transactions, which ensures the data consistency of all nodes, and ensures the uniqueness of the blockchain by competing for block packing rights (that is, mining)
① a block and blockchain
a packet formed by a transaction over a period of time is called a block. On average, bitcoin generates a block every 10 minutes, and each block is linked to the previous block to form a blockchain
② the transaction data is synchronized with the block as a unit
the block is numbered from 1, so after node a connects with node B, it is convenient to synchronize the transaction data as long as the block number height of both parties is checked. For example, if node A's own block height is 100 and node B's block height is 110, all it needs to do is request B to synchronize the 10 blocks 101-110<
③ reward for packed blocks
in order to ensure that there are nodes to pack bitcoin transactions, bitcoin rules stipulate that nodes of packed transactions will receive bitcoin as reward
A. part of the package reward comes from the transaction fee paid by the transaction creator (100-1000 transaction fee per KB)
B. the other part comes from the initial distribution of 21 million bitcoins. At the beginning, the reward is 50 bitcoins for each block. After that, the reward will be halved for every 210000 blocks (about four years). Until about 2140, the reward for each block is less than 1, and the total reward for each block is 21 million bitcoins, This is the source of the total amount of 21 million bitcoins (2099999.97690000 to be exact)
after 2140, the package reward will only come from the transaction fee paid by the transaction creator<
④ competition for block packing right
node packing transaction only needs to consume very low-cost network and computing resources. The existence of packing reward (at present, the packing reward for each block is 25 bitcoin, about 40000 yuan), makes a large number of nodes want to pack transactions. In order to ensure the uniqueness of the blockchain, bitcoin rules stipulate that nodes use a method similar to "coin tossing" to compete for the right of transaction packaging. Nodes constantly toss coins. Whoever first throws the results that meet the rules will get the right to pack the transaction in this block, as well as the package reward of this block
1. First of all, connect the network cable, plug the network cable into the network cable interface of the mining machine, and remember to plug it tightly. Only when the miner is connected to the Internet, there is no limit to the broadband
extended data
users can buy bitcoin, at the same time, they can also use computers to "mine" bitcoin according to a large number of calculations. When users "mine" bitcoin, they need to use the computer to search for 64 bit numbers, and then compete with other gold miners by repeatedly solving puzzles to provide the required numbers for the bitcoin network. If the user's computer successfully creates a set of numbers, then they will get 25 bitcoins
e to the decentralized programming adopted by the bitcoin system, only 25 bitcoins can be obtained every 10 minutes, and by 2140, the maximum number of bitcoins in circulation will reach 21 million. In other words, bitcoin system is able to achieve self-sufficiency, resist inflation through coding, and prevent others from destroying these codes
1. First of all, connect the network cable, plug the network cable into the network cable interface of the mining machine, and remember to plug it tightly. Only when the miner is connected to the Internet, there is no limit to the broadband
extended data:
shortcomings
first, the vulnerability of trading platform. The bitcoin network is robust, but the bitcoin trading platform is fragile. Trading platform is usually a website, which will be attacked by hackers or shut down by competent authorities
Second, the transaction confirmation time is long. When bitcoin wallet is first installed, it will consume a lot of time to download historical transaction data blocks. While bitcoin transaction, in order to confirm the accuracy of data, it will take some time to interact with P2P network, and the transaction will be completed only after the whole network is confirmed Thirdly, the price fluctuates greatly. Due to the intervention of a large number of speculators, the price of bitcoin for cash fluctuates like a roller coaster. Making bitcoin more suitable for speculation rather than anonymous trading Fourthly, the public did not understand the principle, and the traditional financial practitioners resisted. Active netizens understand the principle of P2P network and know that bitcoin has no legal person to manipulate and control. But the public doesn't understand, and many people can't even tell the difference between bitcoin and q-coin“ "No issuer" is the advantage of bitcoin, but in the view of traditional financial practitioners, "no issuer" currency is worthlessI wish you progress in your study! Hope to adopt Hee hee