The basic unit of bitcoin
Publish: 2021-05-23 05:31:28
1. In order to understand the technical principle of bitcoin, we need to understand two important cryptographic techniques: hash code: it converts a long string into a fixed length string, and its conversion is irreversible, that is, it is impossible to guess the original string from hash code. Sha256 is mainly used in bitcoin protocol
public key system: corresponds to a public key and a private key, keeps the private key in the application and publishes the public key. When Party A transmits information to Party B, it can use Party A's private key to encrypt the information, and Party B can use Party A's public key to decrypt the information, so as to ensure that the third party cannot impersonate Party A to send the information; At the same time, when Party A transmits information to Party B, it is encrypted with Party B's public key and sent to Party B, and then Party B decrypts it with his own private key, so as to ensure that the third party cannot eavesdrop on the communication between the two people. RSA is the most common public key system, but the lliptic curve digital signature algorithm is used in bitcoin protocol. What's the difference between cash and bank account? Bitcoin is an electronic currency in BTC. In this article, it is also used to refer to the whole bitcoin system. Like opening an account in a bank, the corresponding concept in bitcoin is address. Everyone can have one or more bitcoin addresses, which are used to pay and collect money. Each address is a string that starts with 1. For example, I have two bitcoin accounts, and. A bitcoin account is uniquely determined by a pair of public key and private key. To save the account, you only need to save the private key file. Unlike bank accounts, banks keep all transaction records and maintain the book balance of each account, while bitcoin's transaction records are jointly maintained by the whole P2P network through a pre agreed protocol. How much money is in my account address? Although the current account balance can be seen by bitcoin software, unlike banks, there is no place to maintain the book balance of each address. It can only calculate the account balance in real time through all historical transactions. How do I pay? When I pay from address a to address B of the other party, the payment amount is e. at this time, both parties will announce the transaction information to each network node, telling address a to pay to address B, and the payment amount is e. In order to prevent the third party from forging the transaction information, the transaction information will be encrypted with the private key of address A. at this time, the network node receiving the transaction information can use the public key of address a to verify that the transaction information is indeed sent by address a. Of course, trading software will help us do these things, we just need to input the relevant parameters in the software. What will the network node do after receiving the transaction information? This is the most important part of the bitcoin system, which needs to be elaborated. For the sake of simplicity, only bitcoin protocol has been implemented. In the current version, each network node will save all transaction information synchronously. There are two kinds of transaction information in history, one is & quot; Verified & quot; The transaction information, that is, the verified transaction information, is stored in a series of "blocks". Each & quot; block" Is the previous & quot; bock" The ID of each block is the hash code of the hash code of the block and the new transaction information (see an actual block). The other category refers to those who also & quot; Unverified & quot; The transaction information just paid above belongs to this category. When a network node receives new unverified transaction information (possibly more than one), it can calculate the book balance of each address at that time because the node keeps all the transaction information in history, so it can calculate whether the transaction information is valid, that is, whether there is enough balance in the payment account. After eliminating the invalid transaction information, it first takes out the last & quot; block" Then, the unverified transaction information is combined with the ID, and a verification code is added to form a new "block". It needs a lot of calculation to build a new block, because it needs to calculate the verification code, so that the above combination becomes a block, that is, the first several bits of the hash code of the block are 1. At present, the first 13 bits need to be 1 (generally, the specific method is uncertain), which means that if the block is generated by enumeration method, the average number of enumerations is 16 ^ 13. Using CPU resources to generate a block is called "gold mining", because the proction of the block will get a certain reward, and the reward information has been included in the block. When a network node generates a new block, it will broadcast to other network nodes. However, this network block may not be accepted by the network, because it is possible that other network nodes have proced the block earlier. Only the earliest block or the block with the largest number of subsequent blocks is valid, and the remaining blocks are no longer used as the initial blocks of the next block. How does the other party confirm that the payment is successful? When the payment information is distributed to the network node, the network node begins to calculate whether the transaction is valid (that is, whether the account balance is enough to pay), and attempts to generate blocks containing the transaction information. When six blocks (one direct block and five subsequent blocks) contain the transaction information, the transaction information is considered "verified", so that the transaction is formally confirmed, and the other party can confirm the successful payment. A possible problem is that I will pay the balance of address a to address B, and at the same time pay to address C. If I only verify that the single comparison transaction is valid. At this point, my way of cheating is to generate six blocks including B to B and six blocks including C to C before the truth is revealed. Because I need a very long CPU time to generate a block, compared with the whole network, the probability of my cheating success is very small. What is the motivation of network nodes to proce blocks? As can be seen from the above description, in order to make the transaction information effective, the network node needs to generate 1 and 5 subsequent blocks to contain the transaction information, and such block generation is very CPU intensive. How to let other network nodes help to proce blocks as soon as possible? The answer is very simple. The agreement stipulates that BTC will be rewarded for the address where the block is proced, as well as the Commission promised by both parties. At present, the reward for procing a block is 50btc, which will be halved every four years in the future. For example, the reward will be 25btc from 2013 to 2016. Is the transaction anonymous? Yes, and No. All bitcoin transactions are visible. We can check all transaction records of each account, such as mine. But what's different from the banking monetary system is that everyone's account itself is anonymous, and everyone can open many accounts. In general, anonymity is not as good as it claims. But bitcoin has another advantage in doing black market trading: it can't be frozen. Even if the police trace a bitcoin address, there is nothing they can do unless they trace the computer used by the exchange based on the Internet address. How to ensure that bitcoin does not depreciate? Generally speaking, in the case of equivalent trading activities, the value of money is inversely proportional to the amount of money issued. Unlike the traditional money market, the central bank can determine the amount of money issued. Bitcoin does not have a central issuing institution. Only by procing blocks can we get a certain amount of BTC currency. Therefore, bitcoin's new amount of money depends on: 1. The speed of procing blocks: bitcoin's agreement stipulates that the difficulty of procing blocks is fixed at an average of 2016 every two weeks, about 10 minutes. Moore's law of doubling CPU speed every 18 months will not speed up the proction of block. 2. The number of rewards for block proction: at present, 50 BTC is awarded for each block proced, which is halved every four years. In 2013, 25 BTC is awarded, and in 2017, 12.5 BTC is awarded. Considering the above two factors, bitcoin's currency issuing speed is not controlled by any single node in the network. Its protocol makes the currency stock known in advance, and the maximum stock is only 21 million BTC
public key system: corresponds to a public key and a private key, keeps the private key in the application and publishes the public key. When Party A transmits information to Party B, it can use Party A's private key to encrypt the information, and Party B can use Party A's public key to decrypt the information, so as to ensure that the third party cannot impersonate Party A to send the information; At the same time, when Party A transmits information to Party B, it is encrypted with Party B's public key and sent to Party B, and then Party B decrypts it with his own private key, so as to ensure that the third party cannot eavesdrop on the communication between the two people. RSA is the most common public key system, but the lliptic curve digital signature algorithm is used in bitcoin protocol. What's the difference between cash and bank account? Bitcoin is an electronic currency in BTC. In this article, it is also used to refer to the whole bitcoin system. Like opening an account in a bank, the corresponding concept in bitcoin is address. Everyone can have one or more bitcoin addresses, which are used to pay and collect money. Each address is a string that starts with 1. For example, I have two bitcoin accounts, and. A bitcoin account is uniquely determined by a pair of public key and private key. To save the account, you only need to save the private key file. Unlike bank accounts, banks keep all transaction records and maintain the book balance of each account, while bitcoin's transaction records are jointly maintained by the whole P2P network through a pre agreed protocol. How much money is in my account address? Although the current account balance can be seen by bitcoin software, unlike banks, there is no place to maintain the book balance of each address. It can only calculate the account balance in real time through all historical transactions. How do I pay? When I pay from address a to address B of the other party, the payment amount is e. at this time, both parties will announce the transaction information to each network node, telling address a to pay to address B, and the payment amount is e. In order to prevent the third party from forging the transaction information, the transaction information will be encrypted with the private key of address A. at this time, the network node receiving the transaction information can use the public key of address a to verify that the transaction information is indeed sent by address a. Of course, trading software will help us do these things, we just need to input the relevant parameters in the software. What will the network node do after receiving the transaction information? This is the most important part of the bitcoin system, which needs to be elaborated. For the sake of simplicity, only bitcoin protocol has been implemented. In the current version, each network node will save all transaction information synchronously. There are two kinds of transaction information in history, one is & quot; Verified & quot; The transaction information, that is, the verified transaction information, is stored in a series of "blocks". Each & quot; block" Is the previous & quot; bock" The ID of each block is the hash code of the hash code of the block and the new transaction information (see an actual block). The other category refers to those who also & quot; Unverified & quot; The transaction information just paid above belongs to this category. When a network node receives new unverified transaction information (possibly more than one), it can calculate the book balance of each address at that time because the node keeps all the transaction information in history, so it can calculate whether the transaction information is valid, that is, whether there is enough balance in the payment account. After eliminating the invalid transaction information, it first takes out the last & quot; block" Then, the unverified transaction information is combined with the ID, and a verification code is added to form a new "block". It needs a lot of calculation to build a new block, because it needs to calculate the verification code, so that the above combination becomes a block, that is, the first several bits of the hash code of the block are 1. At present, the first 13 bits need to be 1 (generally, the specific method is uncertain), which means that if the block is generated by enumeration method, the average number of enumerations is 16 ^ 13. Using CPU resources to generate a block is called "gold mining", because the proction of the block will get a certain reward, and the reward information has been included in the block. When a network node generates a new block, it will broadcast to other network nodes. However, this network block may not be accepted by the network, because it is possible that other network nodes have proced the block earlier. Only the earliest block or the block with the largest number of subsequent blocks is valid, and the remaining blocks are no longer used as the initial blocks of the next block. How does the other party confirm that the payment is successful? When the payment information is distributed to the network node, the network node begins to calculate whether the transaction is valid (that is, whether the account balance is enough to pay), and attempts to generate blocks containing the transaction information. When six blocks (one direct block and five subsequent blocks) contain the transaction information, the transaction information is considered "verified", so that the transaction is formally confirmed, and the other party can confirm the successful payment. A possible problem is that I will pay the balance of address a to address B, and at the same time pay to address C. If I only verify that the single comparison transaction is valid. At this point, my way of cheating is to generate six blocks including B to B and six blocks including C to C before the truth is revealed. Because I need a very long CPU time to generate a block, compared with the whole network, the probability of my cheating success is very small. What is the motivation of network nodes to proce blocks? As can be seen from the above description, in order to make the transaction information effective, the network node needs to generate 1 and 5 subsequent blocks to contain the transaction information, and such block generation is very CPU intensive. How to let other network nodes help to proce blocks as soon as possible? The answer is very simple. The agreement stipulates that BTC will be rewarded for the address where the block is proced, as well as the Commission promised by both parties. At present, the reward for procing a block is 50btc, which will be halved every four years in the future. For example, the reward will be 25btc from 2013 to 2016. Is the transaction anonymous? Yes, and No. All bitcoin transactions are visible. We can check all transaction records of each account, such as mine. But what's different from the banking monetary system is that everyone's account itself is anonymous, and everyone can open many accounts. In general, anonymity is not as good as it claims. But bitcoin has another advantage in doing black market trading: it can't be frozen. Even if the police trace a bitcoin address, there is nothing they can do unless they trace the computer used by the exchange based on the Internet address. How to ensure that bitcoin does not depreciate? Generally speaking, in the case of equivalent trading activities, the value of money is inversely proportional to the amount of money issued. Unlike the traditional money market, the central bank can determine the amount of money issued. Bitcoin does not have a central issuing institution. Only by procing blocks can we get a certain amount of BTC currency. Therefore, bitcoin's new amount of money depends on: 1. The speed of procing blocks: bitcoin's agreement stipulates that the difficulty of procing blocks is fixed at an average of 2016 every two weeks, about 10 minutes. Moore's law of doubling CPU speed every 18 months will not speed up the proction of block. 2. The number of rewards for block proction: at present, 50 BTC is awarded for each block proced, which is halved every four years. In 2013, 25 BTC is awarded, and in 2017, 12.5 BTC is awarded. Considering the above two factors, bitcoin's currency issuing speed is not controlled by any single node in the network. Its protocol makes the currency stock known in advance, and the maximum stock is only 21 million BTC
2.
The smallest unit of bitcoin is Satoshi. One bitcoin is equal to 100 million
in addition to Satoshi, bitcoin also has other units: bitcent (CBTC), milli bitcoins (mbtc), micro bitcoins (mbtc), μ BTC Where 1 BTC = 100 CBTC = 1000 mbtc = 1 million μ BTC = Satoshi
3. IMEI didn't find this number.
4. This is a composite statically determinate beam, which can be disassembled into two parts. The reaction force acts on the two structures, which is the interaction force. First, study the left structure. According to the balance, it can be concluded that the reaction force is f / 2, then the right structure is also subject to the same force, and the hinge C will have a downward displacement. According to the deformation compatibility, the hinge C on the left will also be downward. The displacement of point a of the left structure is 0 under the ideal constraint, which means WC / 2. In addition, the left structure is also subject to the action of F, so there is no problem with the answer.
5.
the specific steps are as follows:
1. You can directly the recharge address of another bitcoin website, and first make a small amount of bitcoin transfer, that is, withdraw money from the transfer out website to the platform you want to transfer to, and if you can, directly make all transfers
2. If small amount transfer is not available, you can download bitcoin wallet, transfer it to bitcoin wallet, and then transfer it from bitcoin wallet to bitcoin trading platform
[about bitcoin trading]
bitcoin is a virtual currency in the form of P2P. Point to point transmission means a decentralized payment system. Bitcoin does not rely on specific currency institutions to issue, it is generated through a large number of calculations of specific algorithms. Bitcoin economy uses a distributed database composed of many nodes in the whole P2P network to confirm and record all transactions
bitcoin trading is carried out through bitcoin trading platform. At present, the better bitcoin trading platforms in China are okcoin, bitcoin China, fire coin network, 796 trading network, etc. the capital of each company is different. Okcoin is based on technology. Fire coin network pays more attention to user experience, But in terms of professionalism, okcoin is relatively good
6. Bitcoin
the initials of bitcoin are used to represent the concept of bitcoin or the whole bitcoin network itself. For example: "today I learned something about the bitcoin agreement."
bitcoin without capital letters indicates a unit of account. For example: "I transferred 10 bitcoin today." The unit is also usually abbreviated as BTC or XBT
bitcoin address
a bitcoin address is like a physical address or an email address. This is the only information you need to provide when someone pays you bitcoin. An important difference, however, is that each address should only be used for a single transaction
peer to peer network
peer to peer network is a system that allows a single node to interact directly with other nodes, so that the whole system can operate like an organized collective. For bitcoin, the bitcoin network is built in such a way that each user is spreading the transactions of other users. And importantly, there is no need for the bank to be a third party
hash rate
hash rate is a measure of bitcoin network processing capacity. In order to ensure security, bitcoin network must carry out a lot of mathematical operations. When the network reaches a hash rate of 10th / s, it can perform 10 trillion calculations per second
transaction confirmation
transaction confirmation means that a transaction has been processed by the network and is unlikely to be revoked. When a transaction is included in a block, an acknowledgement is received, and each subsequent block corresponds to an acknowledgement. For a small amount of transaction, a single confirmation can be regarded as safe. However, for a large amount of transaction such as US $1000, it is reasonable to wait for more than six confirmations. Each confirmation exponentially reces the risk of cancellation
blockchain
blockchain is a public record of bitcoin transactions in chronological order. The block chain is shared by all bitcoin users. It is used to verify the permanence of bitcoin transactions and prevent double consumption
cryptography
cryptography is a branch of mathematics, which allows us to create mathematical proofs that can provide high security. Cryptography is also used in e-commerce and online banking. For bitcoin, cryptography is used to ensure that no one can use the money in other people's wallets or break the blockchain. Cryptography is also used to encrypt wallets, so you can't use wallets without a password<
signature
cryptography signature is a mathematical mechanism for people to prove ownership. For bitcoin, a bitcoin wallet is associated with its private key by some mathematical magic. When your bitcoin software signs a transaction with the corresponding private key, the whole network will know that the signature matches the spent bitcoin. However, no one in the world can guess your private key to steal your hard-earned bitcoin
wallet
bitcoin wallet is roughly the equivalent of physical wallet in bitcoin network. The wallet actually contains your private key, which allows you to consume the bitcoin allocated to the wallet in the block chain. Like a real wallet, each bitcoin wallet displays the total balance of all bitcoins it controls and allows you to pay someone a certain amount of bitcoin. This is different from the credit card used by merchants to dect money
block
a block is a record in the block chain, which contains and confirms the transactions to be processed. On average, a new block containing transactions is added to the block chain by mining every 10 minutes
double consumption
If a malicious user tries to pay bitcoin to two different payees at the same time, it is called Double consumption. Bitcoin mining and blockchain will reach an agreement on the network that one of the two deals will be confirmed and considered valid
private key
the private key is a secret data block that proves that you have the right to consume bitcoin from a specific wallet. It is implemented through a cryptographic signature. If you are using wallet software, your private key is stored in your computer; If you are using an online wallet, your private key is stored on a remote server. Don't disclose private keys, because they allow you to consume the bitcoin in the corresponding bitcoin wallet
Mining
bitcoin mining is a process of using computer hardware to do mathematical calculation for bitcoin network to confirm transactions and improve security. As a reward for their service, miners can get the Commission included in the transaction they confirm, as well as the newly created bitcoin. Mining is a professional and competitive market. The bonus is divided according to the amount of calculation. Not all bitcoin users mine, and it's not easy to make money from mining
bit
bit is a common unit used to indicate the sub unit of a bitcoin - 1000000 bit is equal to 1 bitcoin (BTC or B & 8422;), This unit is more convenient for marking tips, goods and service prices
BTC
BTC is used to mark a bitcoin (B & 8422;) The common unit of.
the initials of bitcoin are used to represent the concept of bitcoin or the whole bitcoin network itself. For example: "today I learned something about the bitcoin agreement."
bitcoin without capital letters indicates a unit of account. For example: "I transferred 10 bitcoin today." The unit is also usually abbreviated as BTC or XBT
bitcoin address
a bitcoin address is like a physical address or an email address. This is the only information you need to provide when someone pays you bitcoin. An important difference, however, is that each address should only be used for a single transaction
peer to peer network
peer to peer network is a system that allows a single node to interact directly with other nodes, so that the whole system can operate like an organized collective. For bitcoin, the bitcoin network is built in such a way that each user is spreading the transactions of other users. And importantly, there is no need for the bank to be a third party
hash rate
hash rate is a measure of bitcoin network processing capacity. In order to ensure security, bitcoin network must carry out a lot of mathematical operations. When the network reaches a hash rate of 10th / s, it can perform 10 trillion calculations per second
transaction confirmation
transaction confirmation means that a transaction has been processed by the network and is unlikely to be revoked. When a transaction is included in a block, an acknowledgement is received, and each subsequent block corresponds to an acknowledgement. For a small amount of transaction, a single confirmation can be regarded as safe. However, for a large amount of transaction such as US $1000, it is reasonable to wait for more than six confirmations. Each confirmation exponentially reces the risk of cancellation
blockchain
blockchain is a public record of bitcoin transactions in chronological order. The block chain is shared by all bitcoin users. It is used to verify the permanence of bitcoin transactions and prevent double consumption
cryptography
cryptography is a branch of mathematics, which allows us to create mathematical proofs that can provide high security. Cryptography is also used in e-commerce and online banking. For bitcoin, cryptography is used to ensure that no one can use the money in other people's wallets or break the blockchain. Cryptography is also used to encrypt wallets, so you can't use wallets without a password<
signature
cryptography signature is a mathematical mechanism for people to prove ownership. For bitcoin, a bitcoin wallet is associated with its private key by some mathematical magic. When your bitcoin software signs a transaction with the corresponding private key, the whole network will know that the signature matches the spent bitcoin. However, no one in the world can guess your private key to steal your hard-earned bitcoin
wallet
bitcoin wallet is roughly the equivalent of physical wallet in bitcoin network. The wallet actually contains your private key, which allows you to consume the bitcoin allocated to the wallet in the block chain. Like a real wallet, each bitcoin wallet displays the total balance of all bitcoins it controls and allows you to pay someone a certain amount of bitcoin. This is different from the credit card used by merchants to dect money
block
a block is a record in the block chain, which contains and confirms the transactions to be processed. On average, a new block containing transactions is added to the block chain by mining every 10 minutes
double consumption
If a malicious user tries to pay bitcoin to two different payees at the same time, it is called Double consumption. Bitcoin mining and blockchain will reach an agreement on the network that one of the two deals will be confirmed and considered valid
private key
the private key is a secret data block that proves that you have the right to consume bitcoin from a specific wallet. It is implemented through a cryptographic signature. If you are using wallet software, your private key is stored in your computer; If you are using an online wallet, your private key is stored on a remote server. Don't disclose private keys, because they allow you to consume the bitcoin in the corresponding bitcoin wallet
Mining
bitcoin mining is a process of using computer hardware to do mathematical calculation for bitcoin network to confirm transactions and improve security. As a reward for their service, miners can get the Commission included in the transaction they confirm, as well as the newly created bitcoin. Mining is a professional and competitive market. The bonus is divided according to the amount of calculation. Not all bitcoin users mine, and it's not easy to make money from mining
bit
bit is a common unit used to indicate the sub unit of a bitcoin - 1000000 bit is equal to 1 bitcoin (BTC or B & 8422;), This unit is more convenient for marking tips, goods and service prices
BTC
BTC is used to mark a bitcoin (B & 8422;) The common unit of.
7.
The smallest unit of bitcoin is Cong
in addition to Cong, bitcoin also has other units: bitfen, millibit and microbit. Where 1 BTC = 100 CBTC = 1000 mbtc = 1 million μ BTC = 100 million
bitcoin is similar to e-cash of e-mail, and both parties need "bitcoin wallet" similar to e-mail and "bitcoin address" similar to e-mail address. Just like sending and receiving e-mail, the remitter pays bitcoin directly to the other party through a computer or smart phone according to the recipient's address
extended data:
starting from the essence of bitcoin, the essence of bitcoin is actually the special solution generated by a bunch of complex algorithms. A special solution is one of the finite solutions of a system of equations. Every particular solution can solve the equation and is unique
in the metaphor of banknotes, bitcoin is the number of the top word of a banknote. If you know the number of the top word on a banknote, you have the banknote. The process of mining is to constantly seek the special solution of the equation system through huge amount of calculation. The equation system is designed to have only 21 million special solutions, so the upper limit of bitcoin is 21 million
8. Candy is not
digital currency
, candy is to reward
people who love
sports, equivalent to points, similar to
Q coin
the difference is: sports is the only way to proce candy, qubu company will not issue it privately, all users can get it by themselves.
digital currency
, candy is to reward
people who love
sports, equivalent to points, similar to
Q coin
the difference is: sports is the only way to proce candy, qubu company will not issue it privately, all users can get it by themselves.
9. LH is beam height
LW is beam width
ch is window height
MH is door height
CT should be window sill
th is sill height
LW is beam width
ch is window height
MH is door height
CT should be window sill
th is sill height
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