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Talk about your understanding of bitcoin

Publish: 2021-05-23 03:48:31
1.

The earliest is a kind of network virtual currency. It is characterized by decentralization, anonymity, and can only be used in the digital world. It does not belong to any country or financial institution, and is not subject to geographical restrictions. It can be exchanged anywhere in the world. Therefore, it is used as a money laundering tool by some criminals. In 2013, the U.S. government recognized the legal status of bitcoin, making the price of bitcoin soar

< H2 > extended information:

bitcoin is e-cash similar to e-mail. Both parties need "bitcoin wallet" similar to e-mail and "bitcoin address" similar to e-mail address. Just like sending and receiving e-mail, the remitter pays bitcoin directly to the other party through a computer or smart phone according to the recipient's address

starting from the essence of bitcoin, the essence of bitcoin is actually a special solution generated by a bunch of complex algorithms. A special solution is one of the infinite (in fact, bitcoin is finite) solutions that can be obtained from the equations. Every particular solution can solve the equation and is unique

many websites for technology players have begun to accept bitcoin transactions. Websites such as mtgox and btcchina, as well as some Taobao stores, can even accept services such as bitcoin exchange for us dollars and euro. There is no doubt that bitcoin has become a real currency in circulation, rather than a virtual currency like Tencent Q coin

2. Throughout history, there have been cases of gold, goods and even land confiscation in times of crisis. It is also disturbing that, as we have seen in Venezuela, people there are struggling with high inflation. Sometimes it is extremely difficult to convert money into another currency, which makes people feel helpless and can only watch their life savings be worthless. Bitcoin is very different. It is in electronic form and has no boundary restrictions. It can be transferred without any intermediary. Anyone who connects to a mobile device or the Internet can use it. All transactions are permanently recorded in the public ledger, and there is no dispute about ownership
in a recent article in the New York Times, a Venezuelan economist described how bitcoin became a part of Venezuela's daily life, so that on a mainstream bitcoin trading platform, Venezuela's trading volume ranked second only to Russia in the world. But bitcoin is not just used to protect wealth in extreme conditions. In general, bitcoin is also an excellent choice for portfolio diversification, and it should be seen as part of a comprehensive wealth preservation strategy.
3. Go to bitcoin news network to see more bitcoin news, as well as market and technology
the birth of bitcoin
the birth of bitcoin should be on November 1, 2008. A man with the pseudonym of "Nakamoto Tsung" published a paper on the Internet. In this paper, he described in detail a new monetary system, which he named "bitcoin"

then, on January 3 of the next year, the first bitcoin program was born in the hands of Nakamoto Tsung, along with the first 50 bitcoins from mining. After that, he began to fade out until he disappeared completely

so far, people have not found out the real identity of this person, even if today's operators, Internet giants and the government have firmly grasped people's behavior on the Internet

he often switches between American and British English when he speaks. He goes online at different times of the day at random to hide his nationality and time zone; He hides his IP address, encrypts his email, and deliberately forges some writing and speaking styles to confuse the public; Besides, he is also an expert in cryptography. By the way, the place where he published his paper is called & quot; Cryptography mailing list & quot

so bitcoin was born with a hacker spirit: against the censorship imposed by any force

of course, we can also see that if a hacker who invented the anonymous currency system can't be anonymous, the whole thing will become a joke< But fortunately, Nakamoto didn't let us down

1. What is currency
I find that I can't run this section in any case to clarify what is bitcoin. I am not an expert in the field of economics. I can only talk about this issue in a very superficial and intuitive sense However, as far as the theme expressed in the title is concerned, it seems to be enough)

it has been mentioned in senior high school textbooks (remember?), Money is the medium to store value. If a thing wants to become money, it must meet the following requirements:

1) scarcity

that's why gold can be used and sand can't be used as money. Scarcity can be understood as the difficulty of obtaining it. The more scarce it is, the more difficult it is to obtain it. An intuitive understanding is as follows: assuming that your monthly salary is 5000 yuan, it means that the scarcity of RMB is just such a degree, that is, you have to pay a month's labor to get 5000 yuan. You won't agree to pay your salary with 5000 grains of sand, because instead of working for a month to get it, you can easily get it by walking around the beach

how does the current financial system guarantee the scarcity of money? Control distribution. The issue of money is firmly in the hands of the central bank, so that the amount of money can be controlled (so you now know that it is illegal to print money without permission). Back to the example just now, you agree to pay you a month's salary with 5000 yuan because the circulation of RMB has just reached this level. If the circulation of RMB doubles and the scarcity decreases, you should ask for 10000 yuan to pay your salary (but the response of the market is often not so fast. During this period, your wealth is actually deprived - your labor should have received 10000 yuan, but only 5000 yuan in return)

2) transactional

of course, the purpose of currency is to trade. As many people tell you, money is spent, not brought into the coffin. So in addition to meeting scarcity, the more convenient it is for a thing to trade, the more it meets the standard of ideal currency. Therefore, in the history of currency, silver dollar has replaced shells, paper money has replaced silver dollar, and digital currency is graally replacing paper money

the "transaction" here refers to the transfer of property from one party to the other, that is, the decrease of one party's property and the corresponding increase of the other party. For physical currency, it happens very naturally. A wants to give 100 yuan to B. when the 100 yuan note is transferred from a's hand to B's hand, the transaction is completed. A's property is reced by 100 yuan and B's property is increased by 100 yuan. There is no third party involved in this process, which is completely a private act between a and B; However, when the transaction takes place at the level of digital currency, it is not so simple. Party A has to give 100 yuan to Party B. how can we ensure that the transaction is completed? Suppose that a and B record their wealth on their respective computers, how can we ensure that when B adds 100 yuan to them, a actually subtracts 100 yuan from them? Now we have to bring in a third party - the guy we call the bank. When a wants to transfer 100 yuan to B, he doesn't directly give it to B, but to the bank, "please transfer my 100 yuan to B", so the bank dected 100 yuan from a's account and added 100 yuan to B's account Let's assume that it generously does not charge any transaction fee)

the above is a rough model of modern monetary system. The biggest disadvantage of this model is that people have to trust a central system

the transaction of digital currency must rely on the bank, and a person's bank account number may be censored, restricted or even deprived. When one party wants to transfer his wealth to the other party, the bank can charge a high fee or refuse directly (for example, you try to remit a sum of money to a relative in the United States)

the issuance of money must rely on the central bank. Well, it's a well-known secret: the currency has been devaluing, or over issuing (think of the $100 20 years ago and the $100 now). I quote two paragraphs, one of which is Keynes's saying, "through a continuous process of inflation, the government can confiscate a part of citizens' wealth secretly and unknowingly. In this way, we can deprive the people of their wealth at will, while making the majority poor, we can make the minority rich, Another paragraph, from Hayek, "the government can not restrain the impulse to issue money indiscriminately."

is it possible to design a monetary system in which we do not need a central institution and are not forced to trust any third party, so as to make the issuance of currency transparent and controllable, and the transaction of currency private and secure

guess what

2. What is bitcoin
so we can now answer that bitcoin is an e-money system with decentralized distribution and transaction. In this system, the circulation of money is transparent and predictable, and the transaction of money uses the cooperation of the whole network to ensure the security of the transaction

next, I will graally dismantle the principle of bitcoin. It should be noted that bitcoin, as a proct already in use, has a lot of details. The purpose of this article is to explain the basic principles of bitcoin to readers without technical background, so these details will not be covered. For example, the address of the wallet is not the public key, but the second hash value of the public key; The difficulty requirement of blockchain is not to hash all the contents of blockchain once; wait. But for the sake of brevity, without affecting the explanation of the basic principles, these are simplified. I hope you can understand them

2.0. Bitcoin network is composed of many nodes running bitcoin programs
bitcoin is a network composed of many equal nodes

a node is a bitcoin program. Any machine that can connect to the Internet and have certain computing power can run this program - so your home computer can also be used as a node in the bitcoin network:)

nodes can communicate with each other. At the same time, bitcoin has a set of mechanism that allows a node to send messages to all other nodes, This behavior is called "broadcasting."

2.1. Blockchain - a public account book
let's go back to the example of banks. The most basic function of a bank is to maintain an account book, which only needs to record every transaction truthfully. For example, Wang Xiaoming transferred 30 yuan to Zhang Damao on X, year X; On y, y, y, y, Zhang Da Mao transferred 12 yuan to Li Xiao Dou, and so on. According to this account book, we can find all the transaction records of a person, so we can calculate the current account balance of the person. For example, since Li Xiaodou started to build a bank account, the total amount of transactions transferred in is 500 yuan, and the total amount of transactions transferred out is 300 yuan. Then it can be calculated that the balance of Li Xiaodou's account must be 200 yuan at this time

maintain this account book, and as the only maintainer (only the bank has the right to view and modify), the bank's responsibility as a trading center is completed

bitcoin also has an account book, but unlike banks, this account book is open and anyone can view and review it

this account book is called & quot; Blockchain & quot;. You can think of blockchain as a pamphlet. Every page of the pamphlet is full of transaction information, and new pages are constantly added<

2.2 Wallet - an account composed of a pair of public keys and private keys
the above section explains what a bitcoin account book is. This section will explain the ownership of funds in this account book, that is, the account system of bitcoin

there are essential differences between accounts in bitcoin and bank accounts

under a bank account, the bank records the identity information of the owner of the account (think back to the information you submitted when you went to the bank to open an account: photo, ID card, telephone number, home address...), so as long as you can prove your identity to the bank, you will get the ownership of the property under your name. In this model, the bank plays the role of an omniscient God: he knows the wealth information of real people. We have no choice but to pray to God not to let our information out or use it for evil

in the world of bitcoin, there is no such institution as bank, which will not force people to reveal their identities in exchange for the security of funds. Bitcoin's account is simply composed of two strings of numbers, which are called "public key" and "private key" respectively, and there is nothing else

the mathematical characteristics of these two numbers - a data encrypted by a private key can only be decrypted by a public key, so-called asymmetric encryption - enable them to perfectly implement the functions required by an account (called a wallet in the bitcoin world)

we take the public key as the account address - also known as the wallet address in the bitcoin world - which is similar to the account number in the banking system, that is, when you tell someone "please call 300 yuan for my account number", you need to tell them. For the bank, it is "China Merchants Bank 6214850200251100", compared with the special currency, it is "

the private key is the * only * certificate to prove the ownership of the wallet. You can hold it by proving that you are the private key of the wallet
4. Bitcoin system mainly uses hash algorithm and asymmetric encryption algorithm in cryptography to ensure the security of the transaction: on the premise of the transaction information being open in the whole network, the one-way property of hash algorithm protects the privacy information of both sides of the transaction; Asymmetric encryption algorithm can ensure that your bitcoin will not be transferred to other people's pocket ring the transaction< In theory, these cryptography principles can guarantee the realization of bitcoin's basic functions as a "decentralized currency", but it has some problems:
the first problem is system security:
we say that in the world of bitcoin, all information is expressed in the form of code through hash operation
then, where there is code, there must be loopholes, which give hackers an opportunity to take advantage of
as early as 2010, shortly after the emergence of bitcoin, a hacker took advantage of the vulnerability of bitcoin's core software to create hundreds of billions of bitcoins. It's like a person mastering the banknote printing machine. It's terrible. Or, hackers directly hack into our computers and steal our private keys, which will also cause us heavy losses
the second problem is that the transaction processing speed is too slow:
in the bitcoin system, there are up to seven transactions per second, which obviously can not meet the normal transaction requirements. We need to know that Alipay, Taobao and WeChat can handle hundreds of thousands or even millions of transactions every second. A deal can only be processed in 1-2 seconds. If bitcoin is used for daily money, then we will pay 1-2 yuan to handle it successfully.
the third problem is that bitcoin mining consumes too much power: Mining requires professional mining machines, which have high computing power, but consume a huge amount of power. Moreover, according to the current market, it is difficult to recover the cost of buying a mining machine for a year. Therefore, some people doubt: what is the significance of consuming so much power to maintain a system with such slow trading speed
the fourth problem is the regulatory attitude:
at present, the attitude of various countries towards bitcoin is very polarized: the supporting countries and retail stores accept bitcoin for payment, and there are also bitcoin ATMs; Countries that don't support it will crack down on it
to sum up, if bitcoin is measured by a monetary system, it must have various shortcomings. However, we can not deny the brilliance of bitcoin: bitcoin represents not only a new set of "decentralized" currency system, but also the origin of blockchain technology and a new ideology, which has far-reaching influence
from the perspective of bitcoin's own function currency:
bitcoin is the largest digital currency so far. It is an important application in the era of blockchain 1.0 and the first application of blockchain. Under the premise of decentralization, bitcoin realizes the functions of digital currency in the stages of issuance, payment and circulation, which is a new means of payment
from the perspective of bitcoin's underlying technology, blockchain:
with the increasing attention of bitcoin, blockchain, as its underlying technology, is becoming more and more well known by the public. Blockchain has graally separated from digital currency and penetrated into many commercial fields. Different instries hope to apply bitcoin Technology to our real life, Through a variety of application scenarios, let us get a better experience
from the perspective of bitcoin ideology:
it has set off a great ideological storm. The "decentralization" and consensus mechanism of bitcoin is a new ideology in the current centralized society. Throughout history, whether the Renaissance or the enlightenment, these are all ideological changes under specific historical conditions. The popularization of these new ideas and new consciousness will take a long time to be accepted by all. In terms of the influence of bitcoin:
digital currency has been accepted and recognized by some national markets, resulting in a large number of digital currency trading platforms and the emergence of a large number of counterfeit currencies. These counterfeit currencies have further evolved into a new financing mode, writing the myth of sudden wealth, which has also led to the proliferation of cheating under the banner of digital currency, such as air currency and pyramid selling currency
in short, bitcoin has outlined a grand blueprint, that is, the currency in the future will no longer depend on the release of central banks, but on the global currency unification. However, from the current situation, the blockchain 1.0 era, represented by bitcoin, only meets the basic functions of digital currency and cannot be popularized to other instries
however, in a word, bitcoin: there are shortcomings in the United States and China, and it is hard to cover up the edge.
5. Bitcoin is a digital virtual currency, which records currency transactions through network and software, unlike physical currency, which needs to be issued by issuing institutions. It is not the official currency of the country. Bitcoin, in short, is a special solution generated by a bunch of complex algorithms. Special solution refers to a group of solutions that can be obtained by the system of equations, and each special solution can solve the equation and is unique. Therefore, bitcoin is like the serial number of RMB, which is unique.
6. Personal opinion: (answer the above questions one by one)
1. The value and significance of bitcoin: 1. The designer's original intention is to build a free, non central and orderly currency trading world It is a kind of realization of the designer's idea, and it is also a kind of experiment or game) 2. The time used in calculation is obtained as reward (the proposition of calculation is that infinite people's life is limited) 3. Cryptographic technology ensures its security. At the same time, it is well used and packaged Because in the early days of currency issuance, it was just a favorite of geek enthusiasts It is more like financial bonds in the early stage of the subprime crisis in the United States)
2. Businesses accept bitcoin: there are multiple needs: 1. Attract more avant-garde customers. 2. Geek lovers, etc.
3. The ratio of real money to real money is all left to the free market, which can be artificially speculated It didn't make any sense.
7. Many people have a misunderstanding that bitcoin is a blockchain, which is actually very wrong. Bitcoin is just an application of blockchain technology. Comparing blockchain to the Internet, bitcoin is just one of the apps, and the application scenario of blockchain is still very large. It is recommended to study and invest on the okex platform. Here is a tutorial for newcomers. I hope my answer can help you, take it
8. Bitcoin is a consensus network, contributing to a new payment system and a fully digital currency. It is the first decentralized peer-to-peer payment network, which is controlled by its users without a central management organization or middleman. From the user's point of view, bitcoin is much like Internet cash. Bitcoin can also be regarded as the most outstanding three style bookkeeping system
mining is a process of consuming computing resources to process transactions, ensuring network security and keeping everyone's information synchronized in the network. It can be understood as the data center of bitcoin. The difference lies in its completely decentralized design. Miners operate all over the world, and no one can control the network. This process is called "mining" because it is similar to gold panning, because it is also a temporary mechanism for issuing new bitcoin. However, unlike gold panning, bitcoin mining provides rewards for services that ensure the safe operation of payment networks. After the last bitcoin, mining is still necessary
of course, you can also go to bitcoin house to learn about it.
9. First of all, limited and generally needed things can be used as the general equivalent
bitcoin is in line with this characteristic
plus speculation, it has become what it is now
but as a currency, it does not have a solid government or organization support
its monetary attribute can only be castle in the air
when there is no takeover, it will collapse completely
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