Bank staff can run bitcoin
at present, the disorder of bitcoin trading in China needs to be cleaned up and rectified. This kind of clean-up and rectification has sufficient legal basis
1. The "transaction" and "circulation use" of bitcoin violate the law of the people's Bank of China of the people's Republic of China. Article 16 of the law clearly stipulates that "the legal currency of the people's Republic of China is RMB", and the institution that "issues RMB and manages the circulation of RMB" is unique, that is, the people's Bank of China; Article 20 stipulates that "no unit or indivial may print or sell token tickets to replace RMB in circulation on the market.". In fact, bitcoin has the function of "token", and the network platforms and merchants that conct bitcoin transactions have violated the provisions of the law, which should be investigated and dealt with in accordance with the law
2. Bitcoin's "trading" and "circulation and use" violate the foreign exchange regulations. Article 3 of the regulations clearly defines that "foreign exchange refers to the following payment means and assets expressed in foreign currency that can be used for international settlement, including foreign currency payment vouchers or payment instruments, including bills, bank deposit certificates, bank cards, etc.". Article 8 clearly stipulates that "the circulation of foreign currency is prohibited within the territory of the people's Republic of China, and foreign currency shall not be used for valuation and settlement.". Article 45 clearly stipulates: "those who buy or sell foreign exchange without permission, in disguised form, buy or resell foreign exchange, or illegally introce foreign exchange to buy or sell a large amount of foreign exchange shall be given a warning by the foreign exchange administration, their illegal income shall be confiscated, and a fine of less than 30% of the illegal amount shall be imposed; If the circumstances are serious, a fine of not less than 30% of the illegal amount shall be imposed; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law. ". Bitcoin, as an international means of payment recognized by many countries, should be subject to the regulation. Websites and businesses engaged in bitcoin trading and use should be investigated and dealt with in accordance with the regulation< Third, bitcoin does not belong to the "virtual currency" defined in Chinese laws and regulations. Many bitcoin trading platforms claim to operate legally according to the relevant laws and regulations of China's "virtual currency", which is wrong. In 2009, the Ministry of culture and the Ministry of Commerce issued the notice on strengthening the management of virtual currency of online games, which clearly defined: "the virtual currency of online games mentioned in this Notice refers to the virtual currency of online games issued by online game operation enterprises, which is directly or indirectly purchased by game users using legal tender in a certain proportion, and exists outside the game program, It is a virtual exchange tool that is stored in the server provided by online game operators in the form of electromagnetic records and expressed in specific digital units. " The "notice" also makes it clear that "the use scope of online game virtual currency is limited to the virtual services provided by the issuing enterprise itself, and shall not be used to pay for, purchase physical procts or exchange for any procts and services of other enterprises". Bitcoin is not issued by game enterprises, and it can be exchanged for physical and currency. It can be seen that bitcoin is completely different from this kind of "virtual currency" and does not belong to the "virtual currency" stipulated by law. Even if it is engaged in the trading service platform business of "virtual currency", it is necessary to apply to the cultural authorities for the establishment of an operating Internet cultural unit for administrative license in accordance with the provisions. In the application report, it is necessary to specify the service (platform) mode, user purchase method (including cash, bank card, online payment and other purchase methods), user rights and interests protection measures, user's rights and interests protection measures Binding of user account and real name bank account, technical security measures, etc
so far, no bitcoin trading platform has obtained and is unlikely to obtain such administrative license
4. Bitcoin trading platform violates the telecommunication management regulations such as the telecommunication management regulations and the measures for the administration of Internet information services, which constitutes "illegal business operation"
Article 7 of the regulations on the administration of telecommunications clearly stipulates that "the State implements a licensing system for the operation of telecommunications business according to the classification of telecommunications business. In order to operate telecommunication business, a telecommunication business license issued by the competent department of information instry under the State Council or the telecommunication administrative agency of a province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the central government must be obtained in accordance with the provisions of these regulations. No organization or indivial may engage in telecommunications business without a telecommunications business license. " Internet information service is one of the value-added telecommunication services restricted by the law Article 4 of the measures for the administration of Internet information services stipulates that "the State shall implement a licensing system for operating Internet information services; The non operating Internet information service shall be put on record. Those who have not obtained permission or have not gone through the filing proceres shall not engage in Internet information services. " Bitcoin trading platform collects "transaction fees" or "withdrawal fees" or engages in "related advertising business", which belongs to "operating" Internet information service business
bitcoin trading platform has neither obtained nor is it possible to obtain "operating license for operating Internet information service business", and some websites have not even put it on record. This behavior constitutes "illegal business operation" according to law, and should be investigated and dealt with according to law< 5. Those who use bitcoin to engage in gambling, money laundering, bribery, fund-raising fraud and other illegal acts shall be punished in accordance with the relevant provisions of the criminal law of the people's Republic of China. Bitcoin's "value function" and "use function" make it become the "object element" of criminal behavior, and the criminal behavior related to bitcoin should not be placed outside the legal jurisdiction
no one can say for sure what the future of bitcoin will be. However, under the current financial management system of "foreign exchange can not be freely circulated and exchanged" in China, with the high incidence of corruption and economic crimes, it is impossible to seek the legitimacy of bitcoin trading platform, and it is sooner or later to clean up and rectify bitcoin trading platform. However, the sooner things come, the better. If they are delayed, more bitcoin trading platforms will collapse, more "investors" will lose all their money, and a large number of cases of "illegal business operation crime", "illegal fund-raising crime" and "fund-raising fraud" will be investigated to quell public indignation
if the relevant authorities think these bitcoin trading platforms are legal, they should also make a clear statement to give the operators of the relevant platforms a "talisman" to avoid "settling accounts in the future"
quoted from lawyer leiteng's blog
It's not against the law to do bitcoin business, but don't use bitcoin to do illegal things
the following is the bitcoin risk notice issued by the central bank and other five ministries and commissions (bitcoin home has the full text):
the notice defines the nature of bitcoin, and holds that bitcoin is not issued by the monetary authority, has no monetary attributes such as legal compensation and mandatory, and is not a real currency. In terms of nature, bitcoin is a specific virtual commodity, which does not have the same legal status as currency and cannot and should not be used as currency in the market. However, bitcoin trading as a commodity trading behavior on the Internet, ordinary people have the freedom to participate at their own risk
It's not against the law to do bitcoin business, but don't use bitcoin to do illegal things
in China, the regulations on the administration of RMB prohibit the proction and sale of token tickets. Because there is no clear judicial interpretation of the definition of token ticket, if bitcoin is included in the "token ticket", the legal prospect of bitcoin in China will face uncertainty
the notice of the Ministry of culture and the Ministry of Commerce on strengthening the management of virtual currency of online games (Wen Shi Fa [2009] No. 20) on June 4, 2009 stated that the application scope of virtual currency of online games was defined for the first time, and the distinction between the current virtual currency of online games and the virtual props in the game was made; At the same time, the notice said that the "notice" stipulates that enterprises engaged in related services must be approved before they can operate
in China, some Taobao stores also began to accept the use of bitcoin, and the number of businesses will graally increase
in October 2013, the first bitcoin quarterly, one bit, was released
on October 15, 2013, the network accelerator service of the network announced its support for bitcoin
on October 26, 2013, btcmini reported that GBL was hacked
on October 31, 2013, Lei Teng, a famous Internet lawyer, proposed the event of "filing a case to investigate the closure of GBL bitcoin trading platform as soon as possible", analyzed the "value function" and "use function" of bitcoin, and bitcoin should be governed by relevant laws
on December 5, 2013, notice of the Ministry of instry and information technology of the people's Bank of China, China Banking Regulatory Commission, China Securities Regulatory Commission and China Insurance Regulatory Commission on preventing bitcoin risk: bitcoin is a specific virtual commodity
as a commodity trading behavior on the Internet, ordinary people have the freedom to participate in bitcoin trading at their own risk
on September 4, 2017, announcement of the people's Bank of China Central Network Information Office, Ministry of instry and information technology, State Administration for Instry and commerce, China Banking Regulatory Commission, China Securities Regulatory Commission and China Insurance Regulatory Commission on preventing the risk of token issuance financing: it is prohibited to engage in token issuance financing activities (ICO)
the trading platform shall not engage in the exchange business between legal tender and token, or virtual currency, or buy or sell token or virtual currency as a central counter party, or provide pricing, information intermediary and other services for token or virtual currency
on November 2, 2018, the people's Bank of China released the 12th topic of China financial stability report 2018, which talked about "encrypted assets"
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extended information:
currency transaction
purchase method
< P > users can buy bitcoin, and at the same time, they can use computers to "mine" bitcoin according to algorithms. When users "mine" bitcoin, they need to search for 64 bit numbers by computer and then, by repeatedly solving mysteries, compete with other gold miners to provide the required numbers for the bitcoin network. If the user's computer successfully creates a set of numbers, it will get 25 bitcoins
e to the decentralized programming of bitcoin system, only 25 bitcoins can be obtained every 10 minutes, and by 2140, the upper limit of bitcoins in circulation will reach 21 million. In other words, bitcoin system is able to achieve self-sufficiency, resist inflation through coding, and prevent others from destroying these codes
source of reference: network bitcoin
PC is the abbreviation of polycarbonate, polycarbonate in English is polycarbonate, PC engineering plastics for short
PC material itself is a kind of strong thermoplastic resin. PC material has strong impact resistance, good strength and toughness. Whether it is heavy pressure or ordinary wrestling, as long as you don't try to hit it with stones, it will have long life and high transparency, but its appearance is easy to scratch
like other resins, PC materials are easily affected by some organic solvents
extended data:
PC material is a kind of chemical compound, which is widely used in daily life, especially in instry. This kind of compound is safe and nontoxic, and has many functions. Its existence promotes the development of instry and has a very high position
PC material has good light transmittance, impact resistance, UV radiation resistance, dimensional stability and good processing performance, which makes it have obvious technical performance advantages over inorganic glass used in construction instry
with the rapid development of aviation and aerospace technology, the requirements of various components in aircraft and spacecraft are increasing, which makes the application of PC in this field increasing. According to statistics, there are 2500 polycarbonate parts used in a single Boeing aircraft
China CITIC Bank has asked to prohibit the use of this bank account for bitcoin transactions. What is bitcoin? It can only be said that it is a virtual currency, a cryptocurrency, which depends on the supply in the market and the operation of capital before it pays{ RRRRR}
therefore, the price of this virtual currency is largely affected by large traders. There is a large amount of capital injection in the market in the short term, and then there is a lack of effective supervision. Naturally, the price of this thing will soar all the way. Bitcoin is the first to follow, and doggy coin is the same thing as Ethereum now, There's no essential difference. They're all virtual currencies. It's just because of the large amount of capital, investors think it's something that can make money. let its price go up, and then withdraw to a certain extent. Who will lose in the end depends on your vision
in the bitcoin risk notice issued by the central bank and other five ministries and commissions on December 5, 2013, bitcoin is clearly defined as a special Internet commodity, which citizens can buy and sell freely at their own risk
at this stage, financial institutions and Payment institutions are not allowed to price procts or services with bitcoin, buy or sell bitcoin as a central counterparties, underwrite insurance business related to bitcoin or include bitcoin into the scope of insurance liability, and directly or indirectly provide customers with other services related to bitcoin, including: providing customers with bitcoin registration Trading, clearing, settlement and other services; Accept bitcoin or use bitcoin as a payment and settlement tool; Carry out bitcoin and RMB and foreign currency exchange services; Carry out bitcoin storage, custody, mortgage and other services; Issuing financial procts related to bitcoin; Take bitcoin as the investment target of trust, fund, etc.