Bitcoin price at the end of 2013

6.

bitcoin is not a currency. First of all, it is not issued by the state and is not protected by law in addition, the quantity of bitcoin is scarce, which can not meet the function of currency circulation and trading

I believe everyone has heard of bitcoin, especially with the advent of the virtual currency trend, many virtual currencies are marked with & lt; When you missed bitcoin, don't miss so and so now; The slogan of the advertisement comes face to face. So even if many people don't know bitcoin, they are passive< so bitcoin is not a household name in the world, but also a national virtual currency

you should know that the most important thing of currency is to have national endorsement, which is the legal tender of the country, so that it is possible to circulate and trade in the world in addition, the amount of money must be proportional to the number of people, which requires the country to carry out complex calculations and surveys

On the other hand, bitcoin is not supported by the state, let alone issued by a certain country. Moreover, the number of bitcoins is simply too small compared to the audience< therefore, bitcoin is more like a virtual collection than money

7. #include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/ip.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netinet/if_ether.h>
#include <netpacket/packet.h>
#include <net/ethernet.h>
#include <net/if.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <errno.h>

/* 接收缓冲区大小 */
#define RCV_BUF_SIZE 1024 * 5

/* 接收缓冲区 */
static int g_iRecvBufSize = RCV_BUF_SIZE;
static char g_acRecvBuf[RCV_BUF_SIZE] = {0};

/* 物理网卡接口,需要根据具体情况修改 */
static const char *g_szIfName = "eth1";

/* 以太网帧封装的协议类型 */
static const int g_iEthProId[] = { ETHERTYPE_PUP,
ETHERTYPE_SPRITE,
ETHERTYPE_IP,
ETHERTYPE_ARP,
ETHERTYPE_REVARP,
ETHERTYPE_AT,
ETHERTYPE_AARP,
ETHERTYPE_VLAN,
ETHERTYPE_IPX,
ETHERTYPE_IPV6,
ETHERTYPE_LOOPBACK
};
static const char g_szProName[][24] = {
"none", "xerox pup", "sprite", "ip", "arp",
"rarp", "apple-protocol", "apple-arp",
"802.1q", "ipx", "ipv6", "loopback"
};
/* 输出MAC地址 */
static void ethmp_showMac(const int iType, const char acHWAddr[])
{ int i = 0;
if (0 == iType)
{
printf("SMAC=[");
}
else
{
printf("DMAC=[");
}
for(i = 0; i < ETHER_ADDR_LEN - 1; i++)
{
printf("%02x:", *((unsigned char *)&(acHWAddr[i])));
}
printf("%02x] ", *((unsigned char *)&(acHWAddr[i])));
}
/* 物理网卡混杂模式属性操作 */
static int ethmp_setPromisc(const char *pcIfName, int fd, int iFlags)
{ int iRet = -1;
struct ifreq stIfr;
/* 获取接口属性标志位 */
strcpy(stIfr.ifr_name, pcIfName);
iRet = ioctl(fd, SIOCGIFFLAGS, &stIfr);
if (0 > iRet)
{ perror("[Error]Get Interface Flags");
return -1;
}
if (0 == iFlags)
{ /* 取消混杂模式 */
stIfr.ifr_flags &= ~IFF_PROMISC;
}
else
{ /* 设置为混杂模式 */
stIfr.ifr_flags |= IFF_PROMISC;
}
iRet = ioctl(fd, SIOCSIFFLAGS, &stIfr);
if (0 > iRet)
{ perror("[Error]Set Interface Flags");
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
/* 获取L2帧封装的协议类型 */
static char *ethmp_getProName(const int iProNum)
{ int iIndex = 0;
for(iIndex = 0; iIndex < sizeof(g_iEthProId) / sizeof(g_iEthProId[0]); iIndex++)
{ if (iProNum == g_iEthProId[iIndex])
{
break;
}
}
return (char *)(g_szProName[iIndex + 1]);
}
/* Init L2 Socket */
static int ethmp_initSocket()
{ int iRet = -1;
int fd = -1;
struct ifreq stIf;
struct sockaddr_ll stLocal = {0};
/* 创建SOCKET */
fd = socket(PF_PACKET, SOCK_RAW, htons(ETH_P_ALL));
if (0 > fd)
{ perror("[Error]Initinate L2 raw socket");
return -1;
}
/* 网卡混杂模式设置 */
ethmp_setPromisc(g_szIfName, fd, 1);
/* 设置SOCKET选项 */
iRet = setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &g_iRecvBufSize,sizeof(int));
if (0 > iRet)
{ perror("[Error]Set socket option");
close(fd);
return -1;
}
/* 获取物理网卡接口索引 */
strcpy(stIf.ifr_name, g_szIfName);
iRet = ioctl(fd, SIOCGIFINDEX, &stIf);
if (0 > iRet)
{ perror("[Error]Ioctl operation");
close(fd);
return -1;
}
/* 绑定物理网卡 */
stLocal.sll_family = PF_PACKET;
stLocal.sll_ifindex = stIf.ifr_ifindex;
stLocal.sll_protocol = htons(ETH_P_ALL);
iRet = bind(fd, (struct sockaddr *)&stLocal, sizeof(stLocal));
if (0 > iRet)
{ perror("[Error]Bind the interface");
close(fd);
return -1;
}
return fd;
}
/* 解析Ethernet帧首部 */
static int ethmp_parseEthHead(const struct ether_header *pstEthHead)
{ unsigned short usEthPktType;
if (NULL == pstEthHead)
{ return -1;}
/* 协议类型、源MAC、目的MAC */
usEthPktType = ntohs(pstEthHead->ether_type);
printf(">>>\nEth-Pkt-Type:0x%04x(%s) ", usEthPktType, ethmp_getProName(usEthPktType));
ethmp_showMac(0, pstEthHead->ether_shost);
ethmp_showMac(1, pstEthHead->ether_dhost);
return 0;
}
/* 解析IP数据包头 */
static int ethmp_parseIpHead(const struct ip *pstIpHead)
{ struct protoent *pstIpProto = NULL;
if (NULL == pstIpHead)
{ return -1;}
/* 协议类型、源IP地址、目的IP地址 */
pstIpProto = getprotobynumber(pstIpHead->ip_p);
if(NULL != pstIpProto)
{ printf("\nIP-Pkt-Type:%d(%s) ", pstIpHead->ip_p, pstIpProto->p_name); }
else
{ printf("\nIP-Pkt-Type:%d(%s) ", pstIpHead->ip_p, "None");}
printf("SAddr=[%s] ", inet_ntoa(pstIpHead->ip_src));
printf("DAddr=[%s]\n", inet_ntoa(pstIpHead->ip_dst));
return 0;
}
/* 数据帧解析函数 */
static int ethmp_parseFrame(const char *pcFrameData)
{ int iRet = -1;
struct ether_header *pstEthHead = NULL;
struct ip *pstIpHead = NULL;
/* Ethnet帧头解析 */
pstEthHead = (struct ether_header*)g_acRecvBuf;
iRet = ethmp_parseEthHead(pstEthHead);
if (0 > iRet)
{ return iRet;}
/* IP数据包类型 */
pstIpHead = (struct ip *)(pstEthHead + 1);
iRet = ethmp_parseIpHead(pstIpHead);
return iRet;
}
/* 捕获网卡数据帧 */
static void ethmp_startCapture(const int fd)
{ int iRet = -1;
socklen_t stFromLen = 0;
/* 循环监听 */
while(1)
{ /* 清空接收缓冲区 */
memset(g_acRecvBuf, 0, RCV_BUF_SIZE);
/* 接收数据帧 */
iRet = recvfrom(fd, g_acRecvBuf, g_iRecvBufSize, 0, NULL, &stFromLen);
if (0 > iRet)
{ continue;}
/* 解析数据帧 */
ethmp_parseFrame(g_acRecvBuf);
}
}
/* Main */
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{ int iRet = -1;
int fd = -1;
/* 初始化SOCKET */
fd = ethmp_initSocket();
if(0 > fd) {
return -1;
}
/* 捕获数据包 */
ethmp_startCapture(fd);
/* 关闭SOCKET */
close(fd);
return 0;
}
编译命令
gcc -o a a.c
./a
实现效果图

...

>>>Eth-Pkt-Type:0x0800(ip) SMAC=[00:1a:92:ef:b6:dd] DMAC=[00:24:7e:dc:99:18] IP-Pkt-Type:6(tcp) SAddr=[192.168.0.111] DAddr=[192.168.0.100]
>>> Eth-Pkt-Type:0x0800(ip) SMAC=[00:24:7e:dc:99:18] DMAC=[00:1a:92:ef:b6:dd] IP-Pkt-Type:6(tcp) SAddr=[192.168.0.100] DAddr=[192.168.0.111]
>>> Eth-Pkt-Type:0x0800(ip) SMAC=[00:24:7e:dc:99:18] DMAC=[00:1a:92:ef:b6:dd] IP-Pkt-Type:1(icmp) SAddr=[192.168.0.100] DAddr=[192.168.0.111]
>>> Eth-Pkt-Type:0x0800(ip) SMAC=[00:1a:92:ef:b6:dd] DMAC=[00:24:7e:dc:99:18] IP-Pkt-Type:1(icmp) SAddr=[192.168.0.111] DAddr=[192.168.0.100]
>>> Eth-Pkt-Type:0x0800(ip) SMAC=[00:1a:92:ef:b6:dd] DMAC=[00:24:7e:dc:99:18] IP-Pkt-Type:6(tcp) SAddr=[192.168.0.111] DAddr=[192.168.0.100]

...

8. Hello, teachers and classmates. The topic of my speech today is to gaze at the bright red national flag. The red national flag is rising and hunting in our gaze. She embodies the soul of the nation and inspires our spirit. Once upon a time, our nation and country suffered many humiliations and disasters for this flag. Under the situation that the weak country had no diplomacy and the weak were the prey of the jungle, the Qing Dynasty had no choice but to pull out the emperor's Dragon Robe and hang the flagpole, which was talked about as a laughing stock by the Western powers. The 17 star Wuchang Uprising flag announced the end of history and opened up a new world. However, after you sing, no flag can make the Chinese proud. But the Star Spangled Banner, the rice flag, the plaster flag and all kinds of tiger and wolf flags occupied our land, defiled the sky of our motherland and enslaved the suffering people. In Lao She's works, the students in the enemy occupied areas, forced by the bayonet behind them, hold up the enemy's flag to celebrate the victory of the enemy. What a sad and tragic scene! During the war years, the red flag called on the heroes and heroines to shed their blood. Fifteen year old Liu Hulan raised her hand and swore that she had no regrets; Jiangjie and her comrades in arms embroidered the five-star red flag with tears, and they were loyal; Tens of thousands of heroes held red flags, braved the hail of bullets, rushed to death, only covered with a simple red flag behind them. Today, the bright five-star red flag is flying everywhere in the blue sky of our motherland; In the international arena, the five-star red flag rises high; In front of the United Nations building, the five-star red flag flutters in the wind. This year, the five-star red flag will celebrate its 50th birthday, and it will also fly over Macao. The martyrs should smile and comfort when they look back. Holding the flag has its own successors. We are the cross century generation of flag bearers. The five-star red flag is the symbol of the motherland. No matter how changeable the situation may be, our attachment to the motherland will not change. If we face thousands of choices, we will not hesitate to embrace you. Use your voice of wind and rain as language; Write in your natural form; Skin color with your land; Take your five mountains as your skeleton; Choose your hard work as pain; Choose your happiness as happiness. Flag, our faith forever
responder: ccchhhjk - Magic apprentice level 1 9-25 18:05
promote patriotism, aspire to forge ahead for the country

patriotism is loyalty and love for the motherland. In the past dynasties, many people with lofty ideals have a strong concern for the country and the people. They take the state affairs as their own responsibility, go on and on, defend the motherland and care for the people's livelihood in the face of adversity. This valuable spirit has made the Chinese nation survive through adversity. The content of patriotism is very extensive. Loving the mountains and rivers of the motherland, loving the history of the nation, caring about the fate of the motherland, fighting bravely in times of crisis and dying for the motherland are all manifestations of patriotism. In the five thousand years of development of the Chinese nation, the Chinese nation has formed a great national spirit with patriotism as the core

it is precisely because of the deep love for the motherland that the instrious and intelligent Chinese people have jointly opened up a vast territory and created a splendid culture. Shouldering the task of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, we should love the great rivers and mountains of the motherland and actively safeguard the sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of the motherland. Every inch of the territory of the motherland should not be lost or occupied by separatists; We should love the history and culture of the motherland, improve national self-esteem and self-confidence, and do our best to create a more brilliant national culture

today, China has entered a new historical period. China's accession to the WTO makes the relationship between China and other countries closer. Opportunities and challenges coexist. We will face more and more new situations and new problems. To promote the great cause of China's reform and opening up and speed up the process of socialist modernization, we need to carry forward the fine tradition of patriotism. Only in this way can the Chinese nation revive its vigour and make greater contributions to human civilization and progress

a country is prosperous when it is young and strong when it is young. We should adapt to the requirements of the development of the times, have a correct understanding of the history and reality of the motherland, enhance our patriotic feelings and the sense of responsibility for revitalizing the motherland, and establish national self-esteem and self-confidence; Carry forward the great spirit of the Chinese nation, hold high the banner of patriotism, forge ahead, self-improvement, hard work, tenacious struggle, and truly turn patriotism into a trip to serve the country. Today for the revitalization of China and study hard, tomorrow to create a brilliant future of the motherland to contribute their own strength!

10. The price of bitcoin is about US $14000 now, which should not be nearly three times higher this year. It should be much more than the previous price. The lowest price was about US $4000 before. Now the price has gone up a lot, so if there are a lot of bitcoin, it should be able to run away.