Bitcoin source code analysis
Publish: 2021-03-23 11:42:05
1. bitcoin is different from the previous currency, it completely relies on the Internet to create and trade; Bitcoin's unique technical attributes lead to its economic and cultural attributes beyond the present currency. Bitcoin is a kind of electronic currency proced by open-source P2P software. Compared with the paper currency in circulation, the biggest feature of bitcoin is decentralization and global circulation in the network world, followed by high security and high confidentiality. These technical attributes further extend to the economic attributes of no inflation, no freezing, and no man-made supply; In terms of culture, bitcoin is popular among anarchists and liberals. The advantages of bitcoin are artificially exaggerated, and its anti inflation and anti inflation functions cannot stand up to scrutiny. In the long run, the prospect of bit is hard to match that of gold. In the most optimistic case, it will become a means of payment in some areas; But in the short and medium term, bit still has room for speculation and imagination. In addition, the use of bitcoin in some sensitive areas highlights the increasingly prominent role of information in national security
1. The advantages of bitcoin are exaggerated: About decentralization, no transaction costs and anti inflation
it is true that bitcoin has various advantages over paper money, but these advantages have been over interpreted. First of all, bitcoin is a kind of decentralized currency, which will not have the same risk of central bank controlling money supply and affecting market value as paper money; Bitcoin is mainly held in the hands of large investors, and the market depth is not enough. At present, the trading behavior of large investors is also very easy to affect the price of bitcoin. Even if the attribute of decentralization is regarded as the advantage of bitcoin when it is fully mature, then the prerequisite of holding decentralization should be added. In addition, there are great differences between centralized and decentralized online payment systems in the degree and type of financial risks they are exposed to
secondly, the low transaction cost of bitcoin is not without transaction cost. On the contrary, e to the increasing difficulty of bitcoin mining and the further stability of currency value, the dependence of relevant transaction platforms on transaction cost will increase, which will certainly increase the transaction cost. Finally, the confidentiality of the bitcoin transaction needs to be discussed. The principle of the bitcoin transaction makes all the processes of each bitcoin transaction stored in each machine. If someone can determine the real background of a transaction, they can find all the transactions down and up through these data
compared with other advantages, anti inflation or anti inflation is the most publicized advantage. Although its supply is stable and the upper limit of supply is locked according to its algorithm, unless the whole world is unified and all countries use bits as currency, it can not prevent the over issuance of money only as a means of payment or a storage of value, just as the current existence of gold can not constrain the growth of each country's currency. If bits can only be used as a means of payment in local areas (such as the network), then global or some countries' inflation will still be transmitted to the areas where bits are used. Therefore, the use of bits to prevent inflation is basically untenable, or has a strong premise. As for anti inflation, that is to say, it has the function of value storage, it needs to have the property similar to gold. However, from the reality, bit's essential property and prospect are still hard to match gold. See below for details
2. Bitcoin's future positioning is too high
the expectation of bitcoin's future in the market generally compares it with gold and US dollar, which is relatively high. The recognition of gold not only lies in its natural physical properties, but also in its official acceptance as a reserve currency (or an important allocation of foreign exchange assets). In theory, bitcoin as an electronic currency does not have the unique and exclusive status, and it is more difficult to become the official reserve of central banks like gold. Therefore, it is not appropriate to expect too much bit. As an electronic currency, bit has the first mover advantage. If it can be guaranteed in terms of security, its most optimistic prospect will be as a means of payment in local areas
3. Speculation and speculative demand caused by event factors are the main reasons for the rise of bitcoin in this round
under the credit currency system, people's lack of confidence in the currencies of various countries and pessimistic economic prospects are the general environment for the rise of bitcoin in this round. The speculation of the major dealers in the market and the derivatives market of bitcoin, together with the speculative psychology of the participants, further accelerated its rise. Btcchina's investment of US $5 million and the announcement of Ben's position are the main driving factors for the recent surge
however, a lot of big players start to enter the market and buy a lot, which not only drives the bit price up to a high level, but also increases the market risk. Chamath, a former Facebook executive, has spent $5 million on bitcoin and plans to spend another $10 million. Bitcoin investment trust also exceeded its target within four weeks, raising $15 million. These people's investments not only make bitcoin further rise, but also concentrate on the holding of bitcoin, which strengthens the influence of indivials and institutions on the price of bitcoin and increases the market risk
4. There is still strong room for speculation in the medium and short term
although our previous analysis is not optimistic about the prospect of bit, it is likely that bit will still have strong room for speculation in such a short and medium term period of time as one year. As mentioned in the previous analysis, the creators of bitcoin advocate that the generation of bitcoin is not manipulated by human factors, which is quite different from the credit currencies of various countries. We expect that the monetary policies of major countries will be divided next year. With the release of economic risks and the heavy damage to traditional asset markets, bitcoin will have better room for speculation and imagination< The use of bitcoin in some sensitive areas highlights the increasingly prominent role of information in national security
the U.S. government seized the drug trading website "Silk Road" at the beginning of last month. A crowdfunding network called "assassination market" even marked the sale of murderers with bitcoin price. The founder of the assassin market, under the pseudonym of kuwabatake Sanjuro, is an extreme anarchist. Both prism gate incident and the use of bitcoin in relevant sensitive fields highlight the increasingly prominent position of information field in national security. The Third Plenary Session proposed the establishment of the national security committee, which will play an important role in China's security strategy and expand from traditional national defense, stability maintenance / urban security to information security and other emerging areas
1. The advantages of bitcoin are exaggerated: About decentralization, no transaction costs and anti inflation
it is true that bitcoin has various advantages over paper money, but these advantages have been over interpreted. First of all, bitcoin is a kind of decentralized currency, which will not have the same risk of central bank controlling money supply and affecting market value as paper money; Bitcoin is mainly held in the hands of large investors, and the market depth is not enough. At present, the trading behavior of large investors is also very easy to affect the price of bitcoin. Even if the attribute of decentralization is regarded as the advantage of bitcoin when it is fully mature, then the prerequisite of holding decentralization should be added. In addition, there are great differences between centralized and decentralized online payment systems in the degree and type of financial risks they are exposed to
secondly, the low transaction cost of bitcoin is not without transaction cost. On the contrary, e to the increasing difficulty of bitcoin mining and the further stability of currency value, the dependence of relevant transaction platforms on transaction cost will increase, which will certainly increase the transaction cost. Finally, the confidentiality of the bitcoin transaction needs to be discussed. The principle of the bitcoin transaction makes all the processes of each bitcoin transaction stored in each machine. If someone can determine the real background of a transaction, they can find all the transactions down and up through these data
compared with other advantages, anti inflation or anti inflation is the most publicized advantage. Although its supply is stable and the upper limit of supply is locked according to its algorithm, unless the whole world is unified and all countries use bits as currency, it can not prevent the over issuance of money only as a means of payment or a storage of value, just as the current existence of gold can not constrain the growth of each country's currency. If bits can only be used as a means of payment in local areas (such as the network), then global or some countries' inflation will still be transmitted to the areas where bits are used. Therefore, the use of bits to prevent inflation is basically untenable, or has a strong premise. As for anti inflation, that is to say, it has the function of value storage, it needs to have the property similar to gold. However, from the reality, bit's essential property and prospect are still hard to match gold. See below for details
2. Bitcoin's future positioning is too high
the expectation of bitcoin's future in the market generally compares it with gold and US dollar, which is relatively high. The recognition of gold not only lies in its natural physical properties, but also in its official acceptance as a reserve currency (or an important allocation of foreign exchange assets). In theory, bitcoin as an electronic currency does not have the unique and exclusive status, and it is more difficult to become the official reserve of central banks like gold. Therefore, it is not appropriate to expect too much bit. As an electronic currency, bit has the first mover advantage. If it can be guaranteed in terms of security, its most optimistic prospect will be as a means of payment in local areas
3. Speculation and speculative demand caused by event factors are the main reasons for the rise of bitcoin in this round
under the credit currency system, people's lack of confidence in the currencies of various countries and pessimistic economic prospects are the general environment for the rise of bitcoin in this round. The speculation of the major dealers in the market and the derivatives market of bitcoin, together with the speculative psychology of the participants, further accelerated its rise. Btcchina's investment of US $5 million and the announcement of Ben's position are the main driving factors for the recent surge
however, a lot of big players start to enter the market and buy a lot, which not only drives the bit price up to a high level, but also increases the market risk. Chamath, a former Facebook executive, has spent $5 million on bitcoin and plans to spend another $10 million. Bitcoin investment trust also exceeded its target within four weeks, raising $15 million. These people's investments not only make bitcoin further rise, but also concentrate on the holding of bitcoin, which strengthens the influence of indivials and institutions on the price of bitcoin and increases the market risk
4. There is still strong room for speculation in the medium and short term
although our previous analysis is not optimistic about the prospect of bit, it is likely that bit will still have strong room for speculation in such a short and medium term period of time as one year. As mentioned in the previous analysis, the creators of bitcoin advocate that the generation of bitcoin is not manipulated by human factors, which is quite different from the credit currencies of various countries. We expect that the monetary policies of major countries will be divided next year. With the release of economic risks and the heavy damage to traditional asset markets, bitcoin will have better room for speculation and imagination< The use of bitcoin in some sensitive areas highlights the increasingly prominent role of information in national security
the U.S. government seized the drug trading website "Silk Road" at the beginning of last month. A crowdfunding network called "assassination market" even marked the sale of murderers with bitcoin price. The founder of the assassin market, under the pseudonym of kuwabatake Sanjuro, is an extreme anarchist. Both prism gate incident and the use of bitcoin in relevant sensitive fields highlight the increasingly prominent position of information field in national security. The Third Plenary Session proposed the establishment of the national security committee, which will play an important role in China's security strategy and expand from traditional national defense, stability maintenance / urban security to information security and other emerging areas
2. Sorry
you can't modify this
because this source code records the development process of bitcoin along the way, the problems encountered in the mining process and the mining difficulty
there is open source code to mine, so no one can change it
you can't modify this
because this source code records the development process of bitcoin along the way, the problems encountered in the mining process and the mining difficulty
there is open source code to mine, so no one can change it
3. Open source software, see: https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/
4. Bitcoin is an electronic currency proced by open source P2P software. digital currency is a kind of network virtual currency. Bitcoin is also paraphrased as "bitcoin.". Short for: BTC
bitcoin does not rely on specific currency institutions to issue. It is generated through a large number of calculations of specific algorithms. Bitcoin economy uses a distributed database composed of many nodes in the whole P2P network to confirm and record all transactions. The decentralized nature and algorithm of P2P can ensure that it is impossible to artificially manipulate the value of bitcoin through mass proction
bitcoin is very similar to cash
the advantages of bitcoin are: no freezing, no tracking, no taxes, and extremely low transaction costs. Compared with people who speculate in currency, it is wealth, and people outside the currency circle may think it is a fraud
bitcoin is a relatively mainstream digital currency, which can be properly invested. There are risks in the transaction. You can invest cautiously. You can search the fire coin, coin security, OK, dobby trading platforms on the Internet, which can trade bitcoin. These are relatively large trading platforms. Invest in mainstream digital currency, do not invest in counterfeit currency or air currency.
bitcoin does not rely on specific currency institutions to issue. It is generated through a large number of calculations of specific algorithms. Bitcoin economy uses a distributed database composed of many nodes in the whole P2P network to confirm and record all transactions. The decentralized nature and algorithm of P2P can ensure that it is impossible to artificially manipulate the value of bitcoin through mass proction
bitcoin is very similar to cash
the advantages of bitcoin are: no freezing, no tracking, no taxes, and extremely low transaction costs. Compared with people who speculate in currency, it is wealth, and people outside the currency circle may think it is a fraud
bitcoin is a relatively mainstream digital currency, which can be properly invested. There are risks in the transaction. You can invest cautiously. You can search the fire coin, coin security, OK, dobby trading platforms on the Internet, which can trade bitcoin. These are relatively large trading platforms. Invest in mainstream digital currency, do not invest in counterfeit currency or air currency.
5. Bitcoin is a kind of virtual currency in the form of P2P. Point to point transmission means a decentralized payment system. Bitcoin does not rely on specific currency institutions to issue. It is generated through a large number of calculations of specific algorithms. Bitcoin economy uses a distributed database composed of many nodes in the whole
P2P network to confirm and record all transactions
bitcoin trading is carried out through bitcoin trading platform. At present, the better bitcoin trading platforms in China are okcoin, bitcoin China, fire coin network, 796 trading network, etc. the capital of each company is different. Okcoin is based on technology, and fire coin network pays more attention to user experience, But in terms of professionalism, okcoin is relatively good.
P2P network to confirm and record all transactions
bitcoin trading is carried out through bitcoin trading platform. At present, the better bitcoin trading platforms in China are okcoin, bitcoin China, fire coin network, 796 trading network, etc. the capital of each company is different. Okcoin is based on technology, and fire coin network pays more attention to user experience, But in terms of professionalism, okcoin is relatively good.
6. Since the issue price of bitcoin was 0.008 cents in 2009, the highest price of bitcoin has risen to 1280 US dollars (equivalent to more than 8000 RMB). Now the price has been maintained at 2000-3000 RMB. Because the mining time has been very long, and now the price has been in a declining stage, so bitcoin is no longer a first chance. Khan is the successor of bitcoin The third generation of digital cryptocurrency, the current Khan currency, is equivalent to the bitcoin of 2009. Its price is very low, and it has only entered China for nearly two months
7. Bitcoin is a peer-to-peer network-based anonymous digital currency. Peer to peer means that there is no central authority to control the money transfer channel. On the contrary, the tasks of these money transfers are collectively managed by network nodes. Anonymity means that all parties can hide their true identities. Advantages: no need to trust intermediaries, can easily carry out Internet remittance. Third parties cannot control or block your transactions. It avoids the hidden danger caused by the bad policy and instability of the central reserve bank. The limited currency inflation of bitcoin system is evenly distributed (determined by CPU) in the whole network, rather than monopolized by banks. Bitcoin is an open source project proced by Satoshi Nakamoto, and its R & D website is at SourceForge.
8. We usually link Ponzi fraud, pyramid schemes and asset bubbles with bitcoin, so we will analyze the past one by one. Three. Asset bubbles are strictly not fraulent, because they do not involve coercion or deception, but in order to make the discussions more complete, we also add them.
1. Is bitcoin a Ponzi scheme
what is Ponzi scheme? The funds invested by the latecomers are equally distributed to the former participants as their benefits. Do you need to hand over an extra sum of money to all current bitcoin holders when you first buy bitcoin? No, so bitcoin is not a Ponzi scheme
2. Is bitcoin MLM
what is MLM? The funds invested by the latecomers are distributed to the previous participants as their benefits. When you buy bitcoin for the first time, do you need to hand over an extra sum of money to the person who brought you into the bitcoin world? No (bitcoin brings you in a lot of times), so bitcoin is not MLM
a typical mistake that people are prone to make is to judge whether bitcoin is a Ponzi scheme or pyramid scheme according to "previous bitcoin holders will benefit from the participation of later investors". This is obviously e to the unclear concept. Previous stock holders will also benefit from later investors. Is the stock market also a Ponzi scheme? The real difference between the above-mentioned scams and the formal investment market is whether the first participants and the latter are equal in the rules. The Ponzi scheme and pyramid scheme are unfavorable to the latter in the rules, and this is concealed, which is the deception. In the bitcoin market, no matter first come first served, everyone has to complete the transaction in the market according to their own judgment. No one can use the rules to profit others, which is exactly the same as the stock market< Is br />3. bitcoin an asset bubble?
what is asset bubble? The price of an asset is too high relative to its own value (all but resale). What determines the price? Supply and demand. There is a certain supply and the price soars, which means that there are too many buyers
take the tulip bubble that we often talk about for example. The most important value of tulips is its ornamental value. When five people buy a tulip, it's red. When 500 people buy it, it's colorful. Does it bring night light at night? Obviously not. The ornamental value of tulips will not increase because of the increase in the number of buyers. Therefore, soaring prices in the short term will lead to bubbles. After analyzing bubbles, let's look at bitcoin.
what is bitcoin? Value network. What are the characteristics of Internet? Scale effect
QQ with only 200 users, QQ with 2 million users, and QQ with 200 million users are obviously different in value. The same is true for bitcoin. Every additional bitcoin holder means an additional user who is willing to accept and able to pay for bitcoin. Accordingly, the value of the whole network increases a little bit. The scale effect of bitcoin determines that its value will naturally increase with the increase of the number of buyers. Therefore, it is untenable to assume that the inference of asset bubbles is based solely on price spiking. If we want to prove that bitcoin is an asset bubble, we must prove that the price change of bitcoin is even higher than that of its scale effect.
unfortunately, at least in the discussion of bitcoin bubble that I saw at present, I did not take this proposition into account. Although such proof is complex, it is not infeasible. For example, one idea I can think of is to take the valuation of Tencent / Facebook (Social Network), Alibaba / Amazon (trading network) and visa / PayPal (value network) in different user number periods as a reference to see if the growth rate of bitcoin's market value is too high compared with that of user number. Obviously, there is more than one way to prove, but the propositions to prove should be consistent
conclusion is obvious now that bitcoin is not a hoax, and even the accusation of bubbles lacks convincing grounds. When we discuss bitcoin, there are many misunderstandings, not only conceptual and logical, but also emotional. In the final analysis, it is because of the lack of understanding of bitcoin. However, e to the openness of the network, bitcoin has indeed been artificially played bad. Useful adoption
1. Is bitcoin a Ponzi scheme
what is Ponzi scheme? The funds invested by the latecomers are equally distributed to the former participants as their benefits. Do you need to hand over an extra sum of money to all current bitcoin holders when you first buy bitcoin? No, so bitcoin is not a Ponzi scheme
2. Is bitcoin MLM
what is MLM? The funds invested by the latecomers are distributed to the previous participants as their benefits. When you buy bitcoin for the first time, do you need to hand over an extra sum of money to the person who brought you into the bitcoin world? No (bitcoin brings you in a lot of times), so bitcoin is not MLM
a typical mistake that people are prone to make is to judge whether bitcoin is a Ponzi scheme or pyramid scheme according to "previous bitcoin holders will benefit from the participation of later investors". This is obviously e to the unclear concept. Previous stock holders will also benefit from later investors. Is the stock market also a Ponzi scheme? The real difference between the above-mentioned scams and the formal investment market is whether the first participants and the latter are equal in the rules. The Ponzi scheme and pyramid scheme are unfavorable to the latter in the rules, and this is concealed, which is the deception. In the bitcoin market, no matter first come first served, everyone has to complete the transaction in the market according to their own judgment. No one can use the rules to profit others, which is exactly the same as the stock market< Is br />3. bitcoin an asset bubble?
what is asset bubble? The price of an asset is too high relative to its own value (all but resale). What determines the price? Supply and demand. There is a certain supply and the price soars, which means that there are too many buyers
take the tulip bubble that we often talk about for example. The most important value of tulips is its ornamental value. When five people buy a tulip, it's red. When 500 people buy it, it's colorful. Does it bring night light at night? Obviously not. The ornamental value of tulips will not increase because of the increase in the number of buyers. Therefore, soaring prices in the short term will lead to bubbles. After analyzing bubbles, let's look at bitcoin.
what is bitcoin? Value network. What are the characteristics of Internet? Scale effect
QQ with only 200 users, QQ with 2 million users, and QQ with 200 million users are obviously different in value. The same is true for bitcoin. Every additional bitcoin holder means an additional user who is willing to accept and able to pay for bitcoin. Accordingly, the value of the whole network increases a little bit. The scale effect of bitcoin determines that its value will naturally increase with the increase of the number of buyers. Therefore, it is untenable to assume that the inference of asset bubbles is based solely on price spiking. If we want to prove that bitcoin is an asset bubble, we must prove that the price change of bitcoin is even higher than that of its scale effect.
unfortunately, at least in the discussion of bitcoin bubble that I saw at present, I did not take this proposition into account. Although such proof is complex, it is not infeasible. For example, one idea I can think of is to take the valuation of Tencent / Facebook (Social Network), Alibaba / Amazon (trading network) and visa / PayPal (value network) in different user number periods as a reference to see if the growth rate of bitcoin's market value is too high compared with that of user number. Obviously, there is more than one way to prove, but the propositions to prove should be consistent
conclusion is obvious now that bitcoin is not a hoax, and even the accusation of bubbles lacks convincing grounds. When we discuss bitcoin, there are many misunderstandings, not only conceptual and logical, but also emotional. In the final analysis, it is because of the lack of understanding of bitcoin. However, e to the openness of the network, bitcoin has indeed been artificially played bad. Useful adoption
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