Basic situation of bitcoin
on January 3, 2009, Nakamoto g up the first batch of 50 bitcoins on a small server in Helsinki, Finland
on May 21, 2010, the first bitcoin transaction: Laszlo hanyecz, a Florida programmer, bought a $25 pizza coupon with 10000 BTC
on July 16, 2010, the price of BTC rose by US $0.08 from US $0.008. The first sharp price fluctuation shows the rise of new things
on July 17, 2010, the first bitcoin platform was established
on November 6, 2010, the price on mtgox reached $0.5, and the bitcoin economy reached $1 million
on December 7, 2010, the first portable device to portable device transaction was realized on Nokia 900, with a transaction volume of 0.42btc
on February 9, 2011, the price reached US $1 for the first time, which is equivalent to US $1. The news that BTC is equivalent to us dollar has been widely reported by the media, which has aroused people's great attention, and the number of new users has increased greatly. In the next two months, bitcoin and pound sterling, Brazilian currency, Polish currency exchange trading platform has opened
on March 18, 2011, the BTC / USD exchange rate hit a seven week low, falling to US $0.7
on August 20, 2011, the first bitcoin conference and World Expo were held in New York. Among Google trend counties, bitcoin's attention reached a new high, with a price of $11 at that time
on November 14, 2011, the price of bitcoin hit a new half year low of $1.99
on September 15, 2012, the bitcoin conference was held in London. At this time, the price of bitcoin was $11.8
on September 27, 2012, bitcoin fund was founded, and the price of bitcoin was $12.46
on November 25, 2012, the first bitcoin conference in Europe was held in Prague, Czech Republic. At this time, the price of bitcoin was $12.6
on February 19, 2013, bitcoin client v8.0 was released. At this time, the price of bitcoin was $28.66
on April 10, 2013, BTC set a record high price of $110
on May 9, 2013, BTC Chinese, the largest bitcoin reporting website www.sosobtc.com The company obtained the investment fund Union Square's US $5 million round a investment, and the price of bitcoin was US $112.09 at this time< On May 28, 2013, the Department of Homeland Security banned the virtual currency service of Liberty Reserve, a Costa Rican exchange company, for its suspected xiqian and unlicensed fund transfer business, U.S. prosecutors said that this will become the largest international xiqian lawsuit in history, with the scale of absorbing money reaching 6 billion US dollars. A large number of users, including China, will lose all their money. At this time, the price of bitcoin is 128 US dollars
in June 2013, Netcom said that the United States will withdraw from qe3, deflationary bitcoin and quantitative easing monetary policy, which are the relationship between the two
on June 27, 2013, the German Conference made a decision: holding bitcoin for more than one year will be tax-free, which is considered by the instry to recognize the legal status of bitcoin. At this time, the price of bitcoin is $102.24
on June 28, 2013, mtgox obtained the monetary service license issued by the financial crime enforcement network office of the U.S. Department of the Treasury. Transaction standardization may mean that bitcoin is on the right track, government risk is reced, and its pace of integration into the display economy will be accelerated. At the same time, it will play an exemplary role in other virtual currencies. At this time, the price of bitcoin is $97.99
on November 28, 2013, the bitcoin trading price of Mt. GOx, a popular bitcoin exchange, broke through $1000, reaching a record high of $1073
on November 29, 2013, the trading price of bitcoin on Mt. GOx, a popular exchange, hit a record high of US $1242, while the price of gold was US $1241.98 an ounce, surpassing that of gold for the first time.
There are only 21 million bitcoins
"graphics card mining" is a joke. In fact, it is running a specific algorithm to generate bitcoin through a large number of calculations
{rrrrrrr}
extended materials:
the concept of bitcoin was first proposed by Nakamoto in 2009. According to Nakamoto's idea, the open source software was designed and released, and the P2P network on it was constructed. Bitcoin is a kind of P2P digital currency. Point to point transmission means a decentralized payment system
unlike most currencies, bitcoin does not rely on specific currency institutions. It is generated by a large number of calculations based on specific algorithms. Bitcoin economy uses the distributed database composed of many nodes in the whole P2P network to confirm and record all transactions, and uses the design of cryptography to ensure the security of all aspects of currency circulation. The decentralized nature and algorithm of P2P can ensure that it is impossible to artificially manipulate the value of bitcoin through mass proction. The design based on cryptography can make bitcoin only be transferred or paid by the real owner. This also ensures the anonymity of money ownership and circulation transactions. The biggest difference between bitcoin and other virtual currencies is that the total amount of bitcoin is very limited and it has a strong scarcity. The monetary system used to have no more than 10.5 million in four years, after which the total number will be permanently limited to 21 million
bitcoin can be cashed and converted into the currency of most countries. Users can use bitcoin to buy some virtual items, such as clothes, hats and equipment in online games. As long as someone accepts it, they can also use bitcoin to buy real-life items
on February 26, 2014, Joe Manchin, a Democratic senator from West Virginia, issued an open letter to a number of regulatory authorities of the US federal government, hoping that the relevant authorities would pay attention to the status quo of bitcoin's encouraging illegal activities and disrupting the financial order, and demanded that actions be taken as soon as possible to completely ban the electronic currency
from 12:00 noon on January 24, 2017, China's three major bitcoin platforms officially began to collect transaction fees
1. The advantages of bitcoin are exaggerated: About decentralization, no transaction costs and anti inflation
it is true that bitcoin has various advantages over paper money, but these advantages have been over interpreted. First of all, bitcoin is a kind of decentralized currency, which will not have the same risk of central bank controlling money supply and affecting market value as paper money; Bitcoin is mainly held in the hands of large investors, and the market depth is not enough. At present, the trading behavior of large investors is also very easy to affect the price of bitcoin. Even if the attribute of decentralization is regarded as the advantage of bitcoin when it is fully mature, then the prerequisite of holding decentralization should be added. In addition, there are great differences between centralized and decentralized online payment systems in the degree and type of financial risks they are exposed to
secondly, the low transaction cost of bitcoin is not without transaction cost. On the contrary, e to the increasing difficulty of bitcoin mining and the further stability of currency value, the dependence of relevant transaction platforms on transaction cost will increase, which will certainly increase the transaction cost. Finally, the confidentiality of the bitcoin transaction needs to be discussed. The principle of the bitcoin transaction makes all the processes of each bitcoin transaction stored in each machine. If someone can determine the real background of a transaction, they can find all the transactions down and up through these data
compared with other advantages, anti inflation or anti inflation is the most publicized advantage. Although its supply is stable and the upper limit of supply is locked according to its algorithm, unless the whole world is unified and all countries use bits as currency, it can not prevent the over issuance of money only as a means of payment or a storage of value, just as the current existence of gold can not constrain the growth of each country's currency. If bits can only be used as a means of payment in local areas (such as the network), then global or some countries' inflation will still be transmitted to the areas where bits are used. Therefore, the use of bits to prevent inflation is basically untenable, or has a strong premise. As for anti inflation, that is to say, it has the function of value storage, it needs to have the property similar to gold. However, from the reality, bit's essential property and prospect are still hard to match gold. See below for details
2. Bitcoin's future positioning is too high
the expectation of bitcoin's future in the market generally compares it with gold and US dollar, which is relatively high. The recognition of gold not only lies in its natural physical properties, but also in its official acceptance as a reserve currency (or an important allocation of foreign exchange assets). In theory, bitcoin as an electronic currency does not have the unique and exclusive status, and it is more difficult to become the official reserve of central banks like gold. Therefore, it is not appropriate to expect too much bit. As an electronic currency, bit has the first mover advantage. If it can be guaranteed in terms of security, its most optimistic prospect will be as a means of payment in local areas
3. Speculation and speculative demand caused by event factors are the main reasons for the rise of bitcoin in this round
under the credit currency system, people's lack of confidence in the currencies of various countries and pessimistic economic prospects are the general environment for the rise of bitcoin in this round. The speculation of the major dealers in the market and the derivatives market of bitcoin, together with the speculative psychology of the participants, further accelerated its rise. Btcchina's investment of US $5 million and the announcement of Ben's position are the main driving factors for the recent surge
however, a lot of big players start to enter the market and buy a lot, which not only drives the bit price up to a high level, but also increases the market risk. Chamath, a former Facebook executive, has spent $5 million on bitcoin and plans to spend another $10 million. Bitcoin investment trust also exceeded its target within four weeks, raising $15 million. These people's investments not only make bitcoin further rise, but also concentrate on the holding of bitcoin, which strengthens the influence of indivials and institutions on the price of bitcoin and increases the market risk
4. There is still strong room for speculation in the medium and short term
although our previous analysis is not optimistic about the prospect of bit, it is likely that bit will still have strong room for speculation in such a short and medium term period of time as one year. As mentioned in the previous analysis, the creators of bitcoin advocate that the generation of bitcoin is not manipulated by human factors, which is quite different from the credit currencies of various countries. We expect that the monetary policies of major countries will be divided next year. With the release of economic risks and the heavy damage to traditional asset markets, bitcoin will have better room for speculation and imagination< The use of bitcoin in some sensitive areas highlights the increasingly prominent role of information in national security
the U.S. government seized the drug trading website "Silk Road" at the beginning of last month. A crowdfunding network called "assassination market" even marked the sale of murderers with bitcoin price. The founder of the assassin market, under the pseudonym of kuwabatake Sanjuro, is an extreme anarchist. Both prism gate incident and the use of bitcoin in relevant sensitive fields highlight the increasingly prominent position of information field in national security. The Third Plenary Session proposed the establishment of the national security committee, which will play an important role in China's security strategy and expand from traditional national defense, stability maintenance / urban security to information security and other emerging areas
Domestic trading platforms continue to expand the proportion of trading volume in the market, which is in sharp contrast to the "running away" storm encountered by foreign bitcoin trading websites. Mt. GOx, once the world's largest bitcoin trading website, collapsed (on February 25, 2014, Mt. GOx was "declared" bankrupt and could no longer log on. On March 28, Mt. GOx officially filed for bankruptcy, and announced on its website on March 3, 2014 that about 850000 bitcoins were illegally transferred e to the exploitation of bitcoin system vulnerabilities.), It has attracted the attention of bitcoin investors all over the world. Subsequently, flexcoin, a bitcoin trading website in Singapore, suddenly went out of business. Due to the bankruptcy of Mt. GOx, bitcoin transactions on domestic websites also showed obvious fluctuations. On February 25, the domestic bitcoin price once dropped from nearly 3600 yuan to 3050 yuan (a few days later, the bitcoin price returned to around 3865 yuan). In spite of the international panic, the sharp drop in prices can not stop the enthusiasm of Chinese domestic investors
China's bitcoin trading websites have benefited from the storm. According to some data, the trading volume of bitcoin in mainland China now accounts for 70% ~ 80% of the global trading volume, and even the largest trading platform of bitcoin has been taken away by China's bitcoin trading websites. RMB is the second largest currency in the bitcoin exchange market, only next to the US dollar, accounting for 1 / 3. China's market has become a gathering place for bitcoin players. Some experts believe that the biggest reason for the rise in the price of bitcoin is the large number of Chinese buyers. According to the volume data of the largest bitcoin trading platform in China, after the collapse of Mt. GOx on February 25, 2014, the domestic trading volume dropped by nearly 7%, with 334562 transactions (about 1.1 billion yuan) on that day. After that, the trading volume graally stabilized. By March 4, the trading volume rose by 14.05%, reaching 339830 (1.4 billion yuan). From February 25 to March 13, the trading volume in 17 days was 9 billion yuan, 16% higher than that in the previous 17 days. On March 21, 2014, some media reported that the central bank issued a document on March 18, 2014 demanding that all bitcoin transactions be stopped before April 15, 2014. In response to this rumor, the central bank said publicly on the evening of March 21, 2014 through its microblog that it was a false report< At the same time, the central bank said that bitcoin's attitude has been clearly stated in the notice on preventing bitcoin risks (hereinafter referred to as the "notice") issued by the people's Bank of China and other five ministries and commissions
according to the circular issued by the central bank in December 2013, although bitcoin is known as "currency", it is not a real currency because it is not issued by the monetary authority and has no monetary attributes such as legal compensation and compulsion. In nature, bitcoin should be a specific virtual commodity, which does not have the same legal status as currency, and can not and should not be used as currency in the market
the circular also requires that all financial institutions and Payment institutions in China shall not carry out bitcoin related business. Financial institutions and Payment institutions shall not price procts or services with bitcoin, buy or sell bitcoin or act as central counterparties, underwrite insurance business related to bitcoin or include bitcoin into the scope of insurance liability, or directly or indirectly provide customers with other services related to bitcoin
including bitcoin registration, trading, clearing, settlement and other services for customers; Accept bitcoin or use bitcoin as a payment and settlement tool; Carry out bitcoin and RMB and foreign currency exchange services; Carry out bitcoin storage, custody, mortgage and other services; Issuing financial procts related to bitcoin; Take bitcoin as the investment target of trust, fund, etc. Official supervision
on the afternoon of December 5, 2013, the Central Bank of China and other five ministries and commissions jointly issued a notice to guard against bitcoin risks, requiring financial institutions and Payment institutions not to price procts or services with bitcoin. Within an hour of the news, bitcoin prices fell by 35%. At that time, as soon as the policies of the five ministries and commissions came out, the survival space of domestic bitcoin trading websites was greatly doubted. This day was jokingly called "the darkest day for domestic bitcoin entrepreneurs". However, the official policy has not affected the vigorous development of domestic trading platform. These bitcoin trading websites avoid these problems through flexible ways such as bank transfer, transfer recharge and point card recharge
the enthusiasm of the people
Chinese players have become the main crowd in the purchase of bitcoin, which has directly led to the popularity of Chinese bitcoin trading websites, and even the crown of "the world's largest trading platform" has rotated among bitcoin trading websites in China. This scale really surprised many people in the financial sector. Not long after China's regulatory authorities warned about the risks of bitcoin, domestic bitcoin trading websites did not suffer too much impact and quickly walked out of the haze
platform strategy
there are about 5-6 mainstream bitcoin trading platforms in China, which mainly earn income by collecting transaction fees and value-added service fees. However, the transaction rates of these bitcoin trading platforms are very low. With the trading volume and user scale, these trading platforms can also find other more profit points. The development of derivatives and the launch of new trading currencies have become a breakthrough: financial derivatives such as "financing currency" have also begun to appear, and other virtual currencies such as Leyte currency have also become expanded trading varieties
in addition, the "ambition" of these trading platforms is not only related to this, many trading platforms are also further expanding the upstream and downstream instrial chain, such as trying to develop bitcoin wallet, bitcoin payment tools and other applications
according to the report issued by the Institute of international finance, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, the market price of bitcoin is determined by supply and demand, and public expectation plays an important role. Bitcoin trading network said on April 10, 2014 that it has received a telephone notice from Hangzhou Science and Technology City branch of Agricultural Bank of China that it will stop using the company's account for settlement of bitcoin related business on April 15. If it fails to stop within the time limit, the company's bank account will be frozen on April 15
bitcoin trading website niucoin has also received calls from instrial and Commercial Bank of China Hangzhou Jiulian sub branch, China Construction Bank Hangzhou Huaxing sub branch and Agricultural Bank of China Hangzhou Science and Technology City sub branch, saying that e to the notice from the superior operation management department, it will stop providing services for niucoin and close its account before April 12. However, there are still eight other banks, including Bank of China, China Merchants Bank and Instrial Bank, which have not been affected. In June 2014, California governor Jerry Brown signed a law to remove restrictions on non dollar currencies. California's old corporate law, section 107, forbids companies or indivials to issue non dollar currencies, that is, virtual currencies and bonus points, such as Amazon coins and Starbucks stars, which are technically illegal. The new bill repeals this provision, and its author, Roger Dickinson, points out that the law ignores the growing reality of alternative currencies and is therefore unrealistic
following the release of bitcoin based electronic signatures on Tuesday, British Finance Minister George Osborne signaled Britain's intention to legalize bitcoin or other similar currency system as digital currency, the Daily Mail reported in 2014.
finally, bitcoin can not be controlled by one country. Europe, Germany, France and Britain are optimistic about bitcoin. Although the United States has no policies, it encourages innovation, and Wall Street VCs are pouring in. China has only closed the intermediary platform, and banks are still going through. Then why not completely ban it? Just be cautious. Bitcoin still needs the west to lead the way, and China will catch up sooner or later.
on January 3, 2009, Nakamoto g up the first batch of 50 bitcoins on a small server in Helsinki, Finland< On May 21, 2010, the first bitcoin transaction: Florida programmer Laszlo
hanyecz bought a $25 pizza coupon with 10000 BTC< On July 16, 2010,
the price of BTC rose by US $0.08 from US $0.008, showing the rise of new things
on July 17, 2010, the first bitcoin platform was established
on November 6, 2010, the price on mtgox reached $0.5, and the bitcoin economy reached $1 million
on December 7, 2010, the first portable device to portable device transaction was realized on Nokia 900, with a transaction volume of 0.42btc
on February 9, 2011, the price reached US $1 for the first time, which is equivalent to US $1. The news that BTC is equivalent to us dollar has been widely reported by the media, which has aroused people's great attention, and the number of new users has increased greatly. In the next two months, bitcoin and pound sterling, Brazilian currency, Polish currency exchange trading platform has opened
on March 18, 2011, the BTC / USD exchange rate hit a seven week low, falling to US $0.7
on August 20, 2011, the first bitcoin conference and World Expo were held in New York. Among Google trend counties, bitcoin's attention reached a new high, with a price of $11 at that time
on November 14, 2011, the price of bitcoin hit a new half year low of $1.99
on September 15, 2012, the bitcoin conference was held in London. At this time, the price of bitcoin was $11.8
on September 27, 2012, bitcoin fund was founded, and the price of bitcoin was $12.46
on November 25, 2012, the first bitcoin conference in Europe was held in Prague, Czech Republic. At this time, the price of bitcoin was $12.6
on February 19, 2013, bitcoin client v8.0 was released. At this time, the price of bitcoin was $28.66
on April 10, 2013, BTC set a record high price of $110
on May 9, 2013, BTC Chinese, the largest bitcoin reporting website www.sosobtc.com The company obtained the investment fund union
square's $5 million round a investment, and the price of bitcoin was $112.09< On May 17, 2013, the San Jose bitcoin conference was held with 1300 participants. At this time, the bitcoin price was US $119.1.
on May 28, 2013, the US Department of Homeland Security banned the virtual currency service of Liberty Reserve, a Costa Rican exchange company, for suspected xiqian and unlicensed fund transfer business, U.S. prosecutors said that this will become the largest international xiqian lawsuit in history, with the scale of absorbing money reaching 6 billion US dollars. A large number of users, including China, will lose all their money. At this time, the price of bitcoin is 128 US dollars
in June 2013, Netcom said that the United States will withdraw from qe3, deflationary bitcoin and quantitative easing monetary policy, which are the relationship between the two
on June 27, 2013, the German Conference made a decision: holding bitcoin for more than one year will be tax-free, which is considered by the instry to recognize the legal status of bitcoin. At this time, the price of bitcoin is $102.24
on June 28, 2013, mtgox obtained the monetary service license issued by the financial crime enforcement network office of the U.S. Department of the Treasury. Transaction standardization may mean that bitcoin is on the right track, government risk is reced, and its pace of integration into the display economy will be accelerated. At the same time, it will play an exemplary role in other virtual currencies. At this time, the price of bitcoin is $97.99< On November 28, 2013, the bitcoin trading price of Mt.
GOx, a popular bitcoin exchange, broke through $1000, reaching a record high of $1073
on November 29, 2013, the trading price of bitcoin on Mt. GOx, a popular exchange, hit a record high of US $1242, while the price of gold was US $1241.98 an ounce, surpassing that of gold for the first time.