Does the state crack down on bitcoin mining
bitcoin mining is illegal in China
the concept of bitcoin was first proposed by Nakamoto on November 1, 2008, and was officially born on January 3, 2009. According to the idea of Nakamoto, the open source software is designed and released, and the P2P network on it is constructed. Bitcoin is a virtual encrypted digital currency in the form of P2P. Point to point transmission means a decentralized payment system
since September 4, 2017, China has expressed its opposition to the virtual currency exchange
on the market, the large-scale exchanges are graally fading out of the domestic market, some of them are going to Japan and some of them are going to Nanyang. Of course, with the release of the new regulations in Hong Kong in early November, we believe that the virtual currency exchange may obtain a legal license in Hong Kong in the future to serve the local institutional investors
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bitcoin China said that the platform would stop withdrawing cash at 12:00 noon on that day. So far, bitcoin China has closed all trading functions. Yesterday, the other two major bitcoin trading platforms in China, huocoin.com and okcoin, also stopped trading all digital assets against RMB
since the beginning of this year, the virtual currency represented by bitcoin has soared, attracting a large number of ordinary people without any technology and investment knowledge to enter this high-risk market
on September 4, the central bank, together with many ministries and commissions, issued the announcement on preventing the risks of token issuance and financing (hereinafter referred to as the announcement), which pointed out that no organization or indivial may illegally engage in token issuance and financing activities According to the announcement, all kinds of token issuance and financing activities should be stopped immediately from the date of issue
the organizations and indivials that have completed the token issuance financing should make arrangements such as liquidation, reasonably protect the rights and interests of investors, and properly handle the risks. Relevant departments will seriously investigate and deal with the activities of token issuance and financing that refuse to stop and the illegal behaviors in completed token issuance and financing projects
on September 13, the China Internet Finance Association issued "tips on preventing the risks of bitcoin and other so-called" virtual currencies ", pointing out that bitcoin trading platform is a tool for money laundering, drug trafficking, smuggling, illegal fund-raising and other illegal and criminal activities e to the expanding number of stakeholders and strong speculative atmosphere; There is no legal basis for the establishment of various so-called "currency" trading platforms in China
Bitcoin is a kind of P2P digital currency
reasons for blocking:
1. Vulnerability of trading platform. The bitcoin network is robust, but the bitcoin trading platform is fragile. Trading platform is usually a website, which will be attacked by hackers or shut down by competent authorities
The transaction confirmation time is long. When bitcoin wallet is first installed, it will consume a lot of time to download historical transaction data blocks. While bitcoin transaction, in order to confirm the accuracy of data, it will take some time to interact with P2P network, and the transaction will be completed only after the whole network is confirmed The price fluctuates greatly. Due to the intervention of a large number of speculators, the price of bitcoin for cash fluctuates like a roller coaster. Making bitcoin more suitable for speculation rather than anonymous trading4. The public did not understand the principle, and the traditional financial practitioners resisted. Active netizens understand the principle of P2P network and know that bitcoin has no legal person to manipulate and control. But the public doesn't understand, and many people can't even tell the difference between bitcoin and q-coin“ "No issuer" is the advantage of bitcoin, but in the view of traditional financial practitioners, "no issuer" currency is worthless
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the concept of bitcoin was first proposed by Nakamoto in 2009. According to Nakamoto's idea, the open source software was designed and released, and the P2P network on it was constructed. Bitcoin is a kind of P2P digital currency. Point to point transmission means a decentralized payment system
unlike most currencies, bitcoin does not rely on specific currency institutions. It is generated by a large number of calculations based on specific algorithms. Bitcoin economy uses the distributed database composed of many nodes in the whole P2P network to confirm and record all transactions, and uses the design of cryptography to ensure the security of all aspects of currency circulation
the decentralized feature and algorithm of P2P can ensure that it is impossible to artificially control the value of bitcoin by mass manufacturing. The design based on cryptography can make bitcoin only be transferred or paid by the real owner
This also ensures the anonymity of money ownership and circulation transactions. The biggest difference between bitcoin and other virtual currencies is that the total amount of bitcoin is very limited and it has a strong scarcity. The monetary system used to have no more than 10.5 million in four years, after which the total number will be permanently limited to 21 millionbitcoin can be cashed and converted into the currency of most countries. Users can use bitcoin to buy some virtual items, such as clothes, hats and equipment in online games. As long as someone accepts it, they can also use bitcoin to buy real-life items
on February 26, 2014, Joe Manchin, a Democratic senator from West Virginia, issued an open letter to a number of regulatory authorities of the US federal government, hoping that the relevant authorities would pay attention to the status quo of bitcoin's encouraging illegal activities and disrupting the financial order, and demanded that actions be taken as soon as possible to completely ban the electronic currency
from 12:00 noon on January 24, 2017, China's three major bitcoin platforms officially began to collect transaction fees
No illegal
in the bitcoin risk notice jointly issued by the people's Bank of China and other five ministries and commissions at the end of 2013, bitcoin is clearly defined as a special Internet commodity, and people can buy and sell it freely at their own risk. But it denies the monetary nature of bitcoin< The Article 143 of the general provisions of the civil law stipulates that "the civil legal act with the following conditions is valid:
(1) the actor has the corresponding capacity for civil conct< (2) the expression of intention is true< (3) it does not violate the mandatory provisions of laws and administrative regulations, public order and good customs. " The announcement of the seven ministries and commissions is neither a law nor an administrative regulation, and can not be used as a legal basis for judging whether a civil juristic act is valid or not; The law does not go back to the past. Therefore, the bitcoin transaction has legal effect, and the bitcoin obtained from the transaction is protected by law. Therefore, legal disputes arising from trading activities, including civil or criminal cases, should be subject to jurisdiction. Courts or public security organs can not refuse to accept bitcoin because they think bitcoin is not protected by law
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transaction mode
bitcoin is e-cash similar to e-mail, and both parties need "bitcoin wallet" similar to e-mail and "bitcoin address" similar to e-mail address. Just like sending and receiving e-mail, the remitter pays bitcoin directly to the other party through a computer or smart phone according to the recipient's address. The following table lists some websites that download bitcoin wallets and addresses for free
a bitcoin address is a string of about 33 characters long, consisting of letters and numbers, always starting with 1 or 3, such as & quot& quot; Bitcoin software can generate address automatically, and it does not need to exchange information online when generating address, so it can be offline [2]. More than 2 bitcoin addresses are available. Figuratively speaking, there are about two grains of sand in the world. If there is an earth in each grain of sand, then the total number of bitcoin addresses far exceeds the number of all the sand on all these "earths"
the bitcoin address and private key appear in pairs, and their relationship is just like the bank card number and password. A bitcoin address is like a bank card number, which records how much bitcoin you have on it. You can generate bitcoin address at will to store bitcoin. When each bitcoin address is generated, a corresponding private key of the address will be generated. This private key proves that you have ownership of the bitcoin at that address. We can simply understand the bitcoin address as the bank card number, and the private key of the address as the password of the corresponding bank card number. Only when you know the bank password can you use the money on the bank card number. Therefore, please keep your address and private key when using bitcoin wallet
after the transaction data of bitcoin is packaged into a "data block" or "block", the transaction is initially confirmed. When a block is linked to a previous block, the transaction is further confirmed. After six block confirmations in a row, the transaction was irreversibly confirmed. Bitcoin P2P stores all transaction history in a "blockchain.". The blockchain continues to extend, and once new blocks are added to the blockchain, they will not be removed. Blockchain is actually a distributed database composed of a group of scattered client nodes and all participants, which is a record of all bitcoin transaction history. Nakamoto predicts that when the amount of data increases, users hope that not all the data will be stored in their own nodes. In order to achieve this goal, he uses the hash function mechanism. In this way, the client will be able to automatically eliminate those parts that it will never use, such as some very early bitcoin transactions
There is no law in China to ban bitcoin, so it is not illegal to mine and earn bitcoin
it is not illegal to buy bitcoin in China. In 2013, five ministries and commissions jointly issued the bitcoin risk notice, which states that although bitcoin does not belong to legal tender and is not legally compulsory, people can freely participate in bitcoin trading activities when they voluntarily undertake risks
"notice" clearly defines the nature of bitcoin, and holds that bitcoin is not issued by the monetary authority, has no monetary attributes such as legal compensation and mandatory, and is not a real currency. In terms of nature, bitcoin is a specific virtual commodity, which does not have the same legal status as currency and cannot and should not be used as currency in the market
however, as a kind of commodity trading on the Internet, ordinary people have the freedom to participate in bitcoin trading at their own risk
the notice requires that at this stage, financial institutions and Payment institutions shall not price procts or services with bitcoin, buy or sell bitcoin as a central counterparties, underwrite insurance business related to bitcoin or include bitcoin in the scope of insurance liability, and provide other bitcoin related services to customers directly or indirectly, Including: providing bitcoin registration, trading, clearing, settlement and other services for customers; Accept bitcoin or use bitcoin as a payment and settlement tool; Carry out bitcoin and RMB and foreign currency exchange services; Carry out bitcoin storage, custody, mortgage and other services; Issuing financial procts related to bitcoin; Take bitcoin as the investment target of trust, fund, etc
in order to avoid over hype of virtual commodities such as bitcoin in the name of "virtual currency" and damage the public interest and the legal tender status of RMB, the circular requires financial institutions and Payment institutions to correctly use the concept of currency in their daily work, pay attention to strengthening the ecation of the public's knowledge of currency, and correctly understand the concept of currency The concept of correctly treating virtual commodity and virtual currency, rational investment, reasonable control of investment risk, and maintenance of their own property security should be included in the content of financial knowledge popularization activities, so as to guide the public to establish a correct concept of currency and investment
source of reference: People's website bitcoin network virtual currency
As of July 24, 2020, the state has not issued any laws to prove that bitcoin mining machine is illegal
bitcoin mining machine is one of the ways to obtain bitcoin. Bitcoin is a kind of network virtual currency proced by open source P2P software
it doesn't rely on the issuance of specific monetary institutions, and it is generated through a large number of calculations of specific algorithms. Bitcoin economy uses a distributed database composed of many nodes in the whole P2P network to confirm and record all transactions. The decentralized nature and algorithm of P2P can ensure that it is impossible to artificially manipulate the value of bitcoin through mass proction
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the issue and transaction of bitcoin are realized by mining, and it is cast at a certain but slowing rate. Each new block is accompanied by a certain number of new bitcoin from scratch, which is used as a coinbase transaction to reward the miners who find the block
the reward for each block is not fixed. For every 210000 blocks mined, it takes about four years, and the currency issuance rate is reced by 50%. In the first four years of bitcoin's operation, each block created 50 new bitcoins. Each block creates 12.5 new bitcoins. In addition to the block award, the miner will receive a handling fee for all transactions within the block<
source: Internet - bitcoin mining machine
in the notice of the people's Bank of China
Ministry of instry and information technology
China Banking Regulatory Commission
China Securities Regulatory Commission
China Insurance Regulatory Commission on risk prevention of bitcoin (Yin Fa [2013] No. 289), in addition to clarifying the attributes of bitcoin as a network virtual commodity, the notice mainly specifies the following contents:
first, the, It is clearly required that all financial institutions and Payment institutions at this stage shall not carry out business related to bitcoin, price procts or services with bitcoin, buy or sell bitcoin as central counterparties, underwrite insurance business related to bitcoin or include bitcoin into the scope of insurance liability
Second, Internet sites that explicitly require bitcoin registration, trading and other services should be filed with the telecommunications regulatory authorities, and earnestly perform the anti money laundering obligations, identify users' identities, and report suspicious transactions
thirdly, relevant departments, financial institutions and Payment institutions are required to correctly use the concept of money in their daily work, pay attention to strengthening the ecation of the public's knowledge of money, and incorporate the concepts of correct understanding of money, correct treatment of virtual goods and virtual money, rational investment, reasonable control of investment risks, and maintenance of their own property security into the content of financial knowledge popularization activities, To guide the public to establish a correct concept of money and investment
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the notice requires that at this stage, all financial institutions and Payment institutions shall not price procts or services with bitcoin, buy or sell bitcoin as a central counterparties, underwrite insurance business related to bitcoin or include bitcoin into the scope of insurance liability, and shall not directly or indirectly provide customers with other services related to bitcoin
including bitcoin registration, trading, clearing, settlement and other services for customers; Accept bitcoin or use bitcoin as a payment and settlement tool; Carry out bitcoin and RMB and foreign currency exchange services; Carry out bitcoin storage, custody, mortgage and other services; Issuing financial procts related to bitcoin; Take bitcoin as the investment target of trust, fund, etc
according to the notice, bitcoin Internet sites, as the main trading platform of bitcoin, should be put on record in the telecommunications regulatory agency in accordance with the provisions of the Telecommunications Regulations of the people's Republic of China and the measures for the administration of Internet information services
at the same time, in view of bitcoin's high risk of money laundering and being used by criminals, the circular requires relevant institutions to earnestly perform legal anti money laundering obligations such as customer identification and suspicious transaction report in accordance with the requirements of anti money laundering law of the people's Republic of China, so as to effectively guard against bitcoin related money laundering risks
source of reference materials:
five ministries and commissions including the people's Bank of China and the government of China issued the notice on preventing bitcoin risk
five ministries and commissions including the China securities regulatory network and the central bank issued the notice on preventing bitcoin risk